Impamvu abubatsi b'imashini zigezweho bakomeza guhindura ibyuma bikozwe mu cyuma bijya mu cyuma cya Granite

Umuntu wese wamaze igihe ku igorofa rya laboratwari y’ibipimo ashobora kuba yarabonye imiterere imwe: imashini zishaje zicaye ku buriri bw’icyuma gishongeshejwe, izishya zicaye ku ibuye ry’umukara. Iryo hinduka ntiryabaye kuko granite isa neza cyane munsi y’amatara. Byabaye bitewe n’ikibazo cya fiziki kitari cyiza cyane - kwaguka k’ubushyuhe.

Ibyuma bicukurwa birakura kandi bigafatana kuri dogere selisiyusi 10-12 x 10⁻⁶ kuri °C. Ibyo bisa nkaho ari bito kugeza igihe ubishyize iruhande rwa granite karemano, ikunze kuba iri hagati ya 5-8 x 10⁻⁶ kuri °C, no muri granite z'umukara zicucitse hafi ya 4-5 x 10⁻⁶. Ku gipimo cya metero 1, 1°C mu bushyuhe bw'ikirere ishobora guhindura ubuso bw'icyuma gicukurwaho mikoroni nyinshi kurusha granite ingana nayo. Ku bijyanye no kwihanganira hasi mu iduka, ntawe ubyitayeho. Ku gipimo cya CMM gisuzuma urwego rwa wafer ya semiconductor, cyangwa interferometer ya laser ifite ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo mikorose, iryo tandukaniro ni umukino wose.

Gutakaza igiciro ni ingenzi kimwe no kwagura

Guhagarara neza k'ubushyuhe ni byo byitabwaho cyane, ariko kudakomeza guhindagurika kw'ingufu bishobora kuba ingenzi cyane ku kintu cyose gikora ingendo nziza cyane - imitwe yo gufata no gushyiramo, ibyiciro bya XY, urubuga rutanga umwuka. Granite ni icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma aho kuba icyuma kimwe, bityo guhindagurika kw'ingufu ntikwirakwira muri yo nk'uko bigenda mu cyuma gishongeshejwe. Imbibi z'imbere z'ibinyampeke ziratatana kandi zigafata ingufu aho kuzikwirakwiza neza. Mu by'ukuri ibi bivuze koishingiro rya graniteItuza vuba nyuma y’uko icyuma gihagaze, ibyo bikaba bihindura igihe gito cyo gutura no kwiyongera kw’ingufu ku mirongo yo kugenzura no guteranya.

Hari kandi ikibazo cy'ibiba mu gihe kirekire. Ibitanda by'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma, ndetse n'ibigabanya stress, bishobora kwiyongera gato mu myaka myinshi uko stress zo mu cyuma ziyongera kwiyongera. Granite, imaze gushingwa ku gitutu kinini cy'umwimerere mu gihe cy'ubutaka, ntabwo ifite icyo kibazo - ntabwo "ihagaze" mu buryo icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma.

Granite yose ntabwo ingana

Iki ni cyo gice gitera abaguzi benshi guhungabana. Granite igurishwa ku bucucike n'amabara nk'uko imbaho ​​zigurishwa ku bwoko, ariko imikorere yayo iratandukanye cyane hagati y'amabuye y'agaciro. Ibuye riciriritse, cyangwa ibikoresho bifite imiyoboro igaragara n'ibinyampeke bidahuye, ntabwo rigumana ubugari bumwe uko igihe kigenda gihita nk'ibuye ry'umukara rinini, rifite ibice bito kandi rito riri hagati ya 2,900-3,100 kg / m³. Marble rimwe na rimwe isimbuzwa n'abayicuruza bato kuko ihendutse kandi yoroshye kuyikoresha, ariko marble ni ibuye rya karubone rihinduka - ryoroshye, rifite imyenge myinshi, kandi ritameze neza cyane kurusha granite nyayo. Ku iduka ry'imitako ntabwo ari ngombwa. Ku gice cyo hejuru cy'imashini ya CMM izajya ikoresha inshuro ibihumbi ku munsi, ni ingenzi cyane, kandi ni bumwe mu buryo busanzwe abaguzi babura amafaranga batabizi kugeza igihe hagaragaye ko hari igihe cyo gupima.

Aho ibi bigaragara mu bikorwa

Guhindura ishingiro rya granite bigaragara cyane mu bikoresho byo kugenzura ibikoresho bya semiconductor, gucukura PCB na sisitemu za AOI, imashini zipima ibintu bitatu, gukoresha laser interferometry, no mu gukora bateri na optique, aho gushyira sub-micron positioning byabaye ikintu cy'ibanze gikenewe aho kuba ikintu cy'agaciro. Uko ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu muri izi nganda bukomeza gukomera - bitewe n'uduce duto twa chip, urwego rw'ibikoresho bya bateri nto, na sisitemu za laser zihuta - icyuho kiri hagati y'icyuma "gihagije" na granite ihamye mu rugero runaka kigiye kugira ingaruka nziza, ntabwo ari nkeya.

Niba hari ikintu kimwe injeniyeri zishaka kumenya ku buryo bushya bwo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga, ni iki: saba imibare nyayo y’ubucucike n’ubushyuhe, ntabwo ari "granite" gusa nk'ibikoresho byo gushyira mu kamenyetso. Itandukaniro riri hagati ya granite nini yatoranijwe neza n'iyindi yo hasi ishobora kuba itandukaniro riri hagati y'imashini ifata igihe cy'imyaka icumi n'imashini ikenera guhindurwa buri gihembwe.