Amakuru - Granite igizwe niki?

Granite igizwe niki?

Graniteni urutare rusanzwe rwinjira mubutaka bwumugabane wisi, Biramenyerewe nkibara ryijimye, ryera, imvi, numukara wumukara.Nibyoroshye- kugeza hagati.Amabuye y'agaciro atatu yingenzi ni feldspar, quartz, na mika, bibaho nka muscovite ya silver cyangwa biotite yijimye cyangwa byombi.Muri ayo mabuye y'agaciro, feldspar yiganje, kandi quartz ubusanzwe irenga 10 ku ijana.Alkali feldspars akenshi iba yijimye, bikavamo granite yijimye ikoreshwa nkibuye ryiza.Granite itondagura muri magma ikungahaye kuri silika ifite uburebure bwa kilometero ndende mubutaka bwisi.Amabuye y'agaciro menshi aboneka hafi ya kristalisiti ya granite iva mumashanyarazi ya hydrothermal iyo mibiri irekura.

Ibyiciro

Mu gice cyo hejuru cya QAPF itondekanya amabuye ya plutonic (Streckeisen, 1976), umurima wa granite usobanurwa nuburyo bugizwe na quartz (Q 20 - 60%) hamwe na P / (P + A) hagati ya 10 na 65. The umurima wa granite ugizwe nibice bibiri: syenogranite na monzogranite.Gusa urutare rwerekana muri syenogranite rufatwa nka granite mubitabo bya Anglo-Saxon.Mu buvanganzo bw’iburayi, urutare rwerekana muri syenogranite na monzogranite rwitwa granite.Igice cya monzogranite cyarimo adamellite na quartz monzonite mubyiciro bishaje.Subcommission for Rock Cassification irasaba vuba aha kwanga ijambo adamellite no kuvuga izina rya quartz monzonite gusa urutare rwerekana muri quartz monzonite field sensu stricto.

Ibigize imiti

Impuzandengo yisi yose yimiti ya granite, kuburemere kwijana,

hashingiwe ku isesengura 2485:

SiO2 72.04% (silika)
Al2O3 14.42% (alumina)
K2O 4.12%
Na2O 3.69%
CaO 1.82%
FeO 1.68%
Fe2O3 1.22%
MgO 0,71%
TiO2 0,30%
P2O5 0,12%
MnO 0,05%

Buri gihe igizwe namabuye y'agaciro quartz na feldspar, hamwe cyangwa idafite ubundi bwoko butandukanye bw'amabuye y'agaciro (minervalire).Quartz na feldspar muri rusange biha granite ibara ryoroheje, kuva kumururu kugeza kumweru.Iri bara ryibara ryoroheje ryerekanwe namabuye y'agaciro yijimye.Rero granite ya kera ifite "umunyu-na pepper" isa.Amabuye y'agaciro akoreshwa cyane ni mica biotite yumukara hamwe na hornblende yumukara amphibole.Hafi yaya mabuye yose arashya (yakomotse kuri magma) na plutonic (yabikoze mumubiri munini, ushyinguwe cyane cyangwa pluton).Gutondekanya ibinyampeke muri granite - kubura imyenda - ni gihamya yinkomoko ya plutonic.Urutare rufite ibice bimwe na granite birashobora gukora binyuze muri metamorphism ndende kandi ikomeye yubutare bwimitsi.Ariko ubwo bwoko bwurutare rufite umwenda ukomeye kandi mubisanzwe witwa granite gneiss.

Ubucucike + Ingingo yo gushonga

Ikigereranyo cy'ubucucike bwacyo kiri hagati ya 2,65 na 2,75 g / cm3, imbaraga zacyo zo kwikuramo ubusanzwe ziri hejuru ya MPa 200, kandi ubukonje bwacyo hafi ya STP ni 3-6 • 1019 Pa · s.Ubushyuhe bwo gushonga ni 1215–1260 ° C.Ifite ubushobozi bwibanze bwibanze ariko bukomeye bwa kabiri.

Ibibaho bya Granite

Iboneka muri plutons nini kumugabane, mubice aho isi yangiritse cyane.Ibi birumvikana, kuko granite igomba gukomera buhoro buhoro ahantu hashyinguwe cyane kugirango ikore ingano nini nini.Plutons ntoya ya kilometero kare 100 mukarere yitwa ububiko, nini nini yitwa batholiths.Lavas iruka kwisi yose, ariko lava ifite ibice bimwe na granite (rhyolite) iturika kumugabane gusa.Ibyo bivuze ko granite igomba gukora mugushonga amabuye yo kumugabane.Ibyo bibaho kubwimpamvu ebyiri: kongeramo ubushyuhe no kongeramo ibinyabuzima (amazi cyangwa karuboni ya dioxyde cyangwa byombi).Umugabane urashyushye cyane kuko urimo igice kinini cyumubumbe wa uraniyumu na potasiyumu, bishyushya ibidukikije binyuze mukwangirika kwa radio.Ahantu hose igikonjo kibyimbye gikunda gushyuha imbere (urugero nko mubibaya bya Tibet).Kandi inzira ya tectonike ya plaque, cyane cyane kugabanuka, irashobora gutuma magma ya basaltike izamuka munsi yumugabane.Usibye ubushyuhe, magma irekura CO2 namazi, ifasha amabuye yubwoko bwose gushonga mubushyuhe buke.Bikekwa ko magma nyinshi ya basaltic ishobora guhomwa munsi yumugabane mugikorwa cyitwa underplating.Hamwe no kurekura buhoro ubushyuhe namazi ava muri basalt, ubwinshi bwikibanza cyumugabane wa Afrika gishobora guhinduka granite icyarimwe.

Ni he?

Kugeza ubu, birazwi ko iboneka ku isi gusa ari byinshi ku migabane yose nkigice cyubutaka bwumugabane.Uru rutare ruboneka mu tuntu duto, tumeze nk'ibigega biri munsi ya 100 km², cyangwa muri batholith zigize imisozi ya orogenic.Hamwe nindi migabane nubutare bwimitsi, mubisanzwe bigize umusingi wubutaka.Iboneka kandi muri lacolite, imyobo n'inzitizi.Nko mubigize granite, ubundi butare butandukanye ni alpide na pegmatite.Ibifatika bifite ubunini buke kuruta kugaragara kumupaka wibitero bya granitike.Pegmatite ya granular nyinshi kuruta granite muri rusange igabana ububiko bwa granite.

Ikoreshwa rya Granite

Abanyamisiri ba kera bubatse piramide ziva muri granite na hekeste.
Ibindi bikoreshwa muri Egiputa ya kera ni inkingi, inzugi z'umuryango, sill, ibumba, urukuta no gupfuka hasi.
Rajaraja Chola Ingoma ya Chola mu Buhinde bw'Amajyepfo, mu kinyejana cya 11 nyuma ya Yesu mu mujyi wa Tanjore mu Buhinde, yakoze urusengero rwa mbere ku isi granite rwose.Urusengero rwa Brihadeeswarar, rweguriwe Lord Shiva, rwubatswe mu 1010.
Mu bwami bw'Abaroma, granite yabaye igice cy'ibikoresho byo kubaka hamwe n'imvugo yububiko.
Ikoreshwa cyane nkibuye rinini.Ishingiye ku gukuramo, yabaye urutare rwingirakamaro kubera imiterere yarwo yemera bikomeye kandi irabagirana hamwe na polish kugirango itware uburemere bugaragara.
Ikoreshwa mumwanya wimbere kubisate bya granite bisize, amabati, intebe, amagorofa, amaguru yintambwe nibindi byinshi bifatika kandi bishushanya.

Ibigezweho

Byakoreshejwe kubutare hamwe ninzibutso.
Byakoreshejwe muburyo bwo hasi.
Ba injeniyeri bakunze gukoresha plaque ya granite isize kugirango bakore indege yerekanwe kuko usanga bidashoboka kandi ntabwo byoroshye

Umusaruro wa Granite

Yacukuwe ku isi yose ariko amabara menshi adasanzwe akomoka mu bubiko bwa granite muri Berezile, Ubuhinde, Ubushinwa, Finlande, Afurika y'Epfo na Amerika y'Amajyaruguru.Uku gucukura amabuye nigikorwa kinini kandi gikora cyane.Ibice bya granite bivanwa mububiko mugukata cyangwa gutera ibikorwa.Ibice bidasanzwe bikoreshwa mugukata ibice byakuwe muri granite mubisahani byoroshye, hanyuma bigapakirwa kandi bigatwarwa na gari ya moshi cyangwa ubwikorezi.Ubushinwa, Burezili n'Ubuhinde nibyo biza ku isonga mu gukora granite ku isi.

Umwanzuro

Ibuye rizwi nka "granite yumukara" mubisanzwe ni gabbro ifite imiterere yimiti itandukanye rwose.
Nibuye ryinshi cyane mubutaka bwisi.Mu bice binini bizwi nka batholiths no mubice byibanze byumugabane uzwi nkingabo ziboneka murwego rwimisozi myinshi.
Amabuye y'agaciro yerekana ko akonja buhoro buhoro avuye mu rutare rwashongeshejwe ruba munsi yisi kandi bisaba igihe kirekire.
Niba granite igaragara hejuru yisi, iterwa no kuzamuka kwamabuye ya granite no gutwarwa nubutare bwimitsi hejuru yayo.
Munsi yigitare cyimitsi, granite, metamorphose granite cyangwa amabuye ajyanye nayo mubisanzwe munsi yiki gipfukisho.Nyuma baza kwitwa amabuye yo munsi.
Ibisobanuro bikoreshwa kuri granite akenshi biganisha ku itumanaho kubyerekeye urutare kandi rimwe na rimwe bitera urujijo.Rimwe na rimwe hari ibisobanuro byinshi byakoreshejwe.Hariho uburyo butatu bwo gusobanura granite.
Amasomo yoroshye kumabuye, hamwe na granite, mika na minferi ya amphibole, dushobora gusobanurwa nkurutare ruto, urumuri, magatiki rugizwe ahanini na feldspar na quartz.
Impuguke mu rutare izasobanura neza neza urutare, kandi abahanga benshi ntibazakoresha granite kugirango bamenye urutare keretse rwujuje ijanisha ry’amabuye y'agaciro.Bashobora kubyita alkaline granite, granodiorite, pegmatite cyangwa aplite.
Ibisobanuro byubucuruzi bikoreshwa nabagurisha nabaguzi bakunze kwitwa amabuye ya granulaire akomeye kuruta granite.Bashobora guhamagara granite ya gabro, basalt, pegmatite, gneiss nandi mabuye menshi.
Mubisanzwe bisobanurwa nk "ibuye rinini" rishobora gucibwa kuburebure, ubugari n'ubugari.
Granite irakomeye bihagije kugirango ihangane no gukuramo ibintu byinshi, uburemere bunini, kurwanya ikirere no kwakira langi.Ibuye ryifuzwa cyane kandi ryingirakamaro.
Nubwo igiciro cya granite kiri hejuru cyane ugereranije nigiciro cyibindi bikoresho byakozwe n'abantu ku mishinga, bifatwa nkibikoresho bizwi bikoreshwa muguhindura abandi kubera ubwiza bwabyo, biramba kandi bifite ireme.