Amakuru - Ibigize granite ni ibihe?

Ibigize granite ni ibihe?

Ibara ry'umukarani ryo buye rikunze kwinjirira mu mfuruka y'isi, rizwi nk'ibuye ry'umutuku w'umutuku, umweru, imvi n'umukara. Rifite imiterere ikomeye kugeza ku iciriritse. Imyunyu ngugu itatu y'ingenzi ni feldspar, quartz, na mica, iboneka nka muscovite y'ifeza cyangwa biotite yijimye cyangwa byombi. Muri ayo myunyu ngugu, feldspar niyo yiganjemo, naho quartz ikunze kugira ibirenga 10 ku ijana. Alkali feldspars akenshi iba umutuku w'umutuku, bigatuma granite y'umutuku w'umutuku ikunze gukoreshwa nk'ibuye ry'umutuku. Granite ikora nk'ikirahuri ikomoka kuri magma ikungahaye kuri silica iri mu mfuruka y'isi. Imyunyu ngugu myinshi ikora nk'imibiri ya granite ikora nk'ikirahuri iva mu bisubizo by'amazi ashyushye iyo mibiri isohora.

Gushyira mu byiciro

Mu gice cyo hejuru cya QAPF cy’amabuye ya plutonic (Streckeisen, 1976), umurima wa granite ugenwa n’imiterere ya quartz (Q 20 - 60%) n’ikigereranyo cya P / (P + A) kiri hagati ya 10 na 65. Umurima wa granite ugizwe n’ibice bibiri: syenogranite na monzogranite. Ibice byonyine bituruka muri syenogranite bifatwa nk’ibice byonyine mu nyandiko z’Anglo-Saxon. Mu nyandiko z’i Burayi, ibice byonyine bituruka muri syenogranite na monzogranite byitwa granite. Umurima wa monzogranite wari urimo adamellite na quartz monzonite mu byiciro bya kera. Komisiyo Ishinzwe Rock Cassification isaba ko ijambo adamellite riherutse kwangwa no kwita quartz monzonite gusa amabuye aturuka muri quartz monzonite sensu stricto.

Ibikoresho bya shimi

Impuzandengo ku isi yose y'ibinyabutabire bya granite, ukurikije uburemere bwabyo,

hashingiwe ku isesengura ryakozwe ku 2485:

SiO2 72.04% (silika)
Al2O3 14.42% (alumina)
K2O 4.12%
Na2O 3.69%
CaO 1.82%
FeO 1.68%
Fe2O3 1.22%
MgO 0.71%
TiO2 0.30%
P2O5 0.12%
MnO 0.05%

Buri gihe igizwe n'amabuye y'agaciro ya quartz na feldspar, hamwe cyangwa nta yandi mabuye y'agaciro menshi (amabuye y'inyongera). Quartz na feldspar muri rusange biha granite ibara ryoroheje, kuva ku ibara ry'umutuku kugeza ku ryera. Iryo bara ry'inyuma ryoroheje rigaragazwa n'amabuye y'inyongera yijimye. Bityo granite isanzwe ifite ishusho ya "umunyu n'urusenda". Amabuye y'inyongera akunze gukoreshwa cyane ni biotite y'umukara ya mica na amphibole y'umukara ya hornblende. Hafi ya aya mabuye yose ni igneous (yakomejwe na magma) na plutonic (yabikoze mu mubiri munini, washyinguwe cyane cyangwa pluton). Imiterere y'ibinyampeke muri granite - kutagira umwenda - ni ikimenyetso cy'inkomoko yayo ya plutonic. Ibuye rifite imiterere imwe na granite rishobora kubaho binyuze mu guhinduka kure kandi gukomeye kw'amabuye y'urusenda. Ariko ubwo bwoko bw'amabuye bufite umwenda ukomeye kandi ubusanzwe witwa granite gneiss.

Ubucucike + Aho gushonga

Ubucucike bwayo buri hagati ya 2.65 na 2.75 g/cm3, imbaraga zayo zo gukanda akenshi ziba hejuru ya 200 MPa, kandi ubushyuhe bwayo hafi ya STP ni 3–6 • 1019 Pa·s. Ubushyuhe bwo gushonga ni 1215–1260 °C. Ifite ubushobozi buke bwo kwinjira mu buryo bw'ibanze ariko ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kwinjira mu buryo bw'ibanze.

Aho Urutare rwa Granite rwabereye

Iboneka mu mabuye manini ya pluton ku migabane, mu turere aho imiterere y’isi yangiritse cyane. Ibi bifite ishingiro, kuko granite igomba gukomera buhoro buhoro ahantu hashyinguye cyane kugira ngo hakorwe ibinyampeke binini nk’ibyo by’ubutare. Pluton ntoya munsi ya kilometero kare 100 z’ubuso bw’ubutaka yitwa stocks, naho manini yitwa batholiths. Lavas ziruka hirya no hino ku Isi, ariko lava ifite imiterere imwe na granite (rhyolite) iruka gusa ku migabane. Ibyo bivuze ko granite igomba kubaho binyuze mu gushonga kw’amabuye yo ku mugabane. Ibyo bibaho kubera impamvu ebyiri: kongeramo ubushyuhe no kongeramo ibintu bihindagurika (amazi cyangwa dioxyde de carbone cyangwa byombi). Imigabane irashyuha cyane kuko irimo uranium na potasiyumu byinshi ku isi, bishyushya ibidukikije binyuze mu kwangirika kwa radiyo. Aho imiterere y’ubutaka yagutse hose hakunze gushyuha imbere (urugero muri Tibetan Plateau). Kandi inzira za plate tectonics, cyane cyane subduction, zishobora gutuma basaltic magmas izamuka munsi y’imigabane. Uretse ubushyuhe, aya magmas arekura CO2 n’amazi, bifasha amabuye y’ubwoko bwose gushonga ku bushyuhe buke. Bitekerezwa ko ingano nini ya basaltike magma ishobora gusigwa hasi mu mugabane mu buryo bwitwa underplating. Iyo ubushyuhe n'amazi biva muri uwo mushinga birekuwe buhoro buhoro, ingano nini y'umukungugu wa continental ishobora guhinduka granite icyarimwe.

Iboneka he?

Kugeza ubu, birazwi ko iboneka ku Isi gusa mu migabane yose nk'igice cy'umubumbe w'isi. Iri buye riboneka mu duce duto, tumeze nk'ibikomoka ku bimera biri munsi ya kilometero kare 100, cyangwa mu duce tw'imisozi turi mu misozi ya orogenic. Hamwe n'indi migabane n'amabuye y'urutare, muri rusange bigize umusozi wo munsi y'ubutaka. Iboneka kandi muri lacolites, imiyoboro n'imirongo. Nk'uko bimeze mu miterere ya granite, andi mabuye atandukanye ni alpids na pegmatites. Uduce twometse dufite ingano ntoya kurusha utundi tuba ku mbibi z'ibitero bya granite. Pegmatites nyinshi kurusha granite muri rusange zisangiye granite.

Imikoreshereze ya Granite

Abanyamisiri ba kera bubatse piramide mu mabuye y'agaciro n'amabuye y'agaciro.
Izindi ngaruka zakoreshejwe mu Misiri ya kera ni inkingi, indabyo z'inzugi, imiringa, imitako n'ibipfundikizo by'urukuta n'iby'ubutaka.
Rajaraja Chola Ingoma ya Chola mu majyepfo y'Ubuhinde, mu kinyejana cya 11 nyuma ya Yesu mu mujyi wa Tanjore mu Buhinde, yatumye urusengero rwa mbere ku isi ruhinduka granite rwose. Urusengero rwa Brihadeeswarar, rweguriwe Uwiteka Shiva, rwubatswe mu 1010.
Mu Bwami bw'Abaroma, granite yabaye igice cy'ingenzi cy'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi n'ururimi rw'ubwubatsi rukomeye.
Ikoreshwa cyane nk'ibuye rinini. Rishingiye ku gushwanyagurika, ryabaye ibuye ry'ingirakamaro bitewe n'imiterere yaryo yemera gukomera, gukayangana no gusya kugira ngo ritware ibintu biremereye bigaragara.
Ikoreshwa mu myanya yo imbere mu gusakara amatafari ya granite, amatafari, intebe, hasi mu matafari, ku madarajya n'ibindi bintu byinshi bifatika kandi bigezweho.

Igezweho

Ikoreshwa mu kubumba amabuye y'imva n'inzibutso.
Ikoreshwa mu mirimo yo hasi.
Abahanga mu by'imashini bakoreshaga amasafuriya y'ubuso bwa granite asukuye mu gukora urwego rw'icyitegererezo kuko adapfa kuvomerwa kandi ntagoroshye kuyahindura.

Gukora Granite

Icukurwa ku isi yose ariko amabara menshi adasanzwe akomoka ku bisigazwa bya granite muri Brezili, Ubuhinde, Ubushinwa, Ubufinilande, Afurika y'Epfo na Amerika y'Amajyaruguru. Ubu bucukuzi bw'amabuye bukoresha amafaranga menshi kandi busaba imbaraga nyinshi. Ibice bya granite bikurwa mu bisigazwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukata cyangwa gutera imiti. Udukoresho twihariye two gukata granite dukoreshwa mu gukata ibice bya granite bivanwamo amasahani yo kwimukana, hanyuma bigapakirwa bikanatwarwa na gari ya moshi cyangwa serivisi zo gutwara abagenzi. Ubushinwa, Burezili n'Ubuhinde ni byo bihanga granite ku isi.

Umwanzuro

Ibuye rizwi nka "granite y'umukara" ubusanzwe ni gabbro rifite imiterere itandukanye cyane ya shimi.
Ni ryo buye riboneka cyane ku isi mu gice cy'umugabane. Mu duce tunini tuzwi nka batholiths no mu bice by'imbere by'umugabane, haboneka mu gice cy'imbere cy'imisozi myinshi.
Amabuye y'agaciro agaragaza ko akonja buhoro buhoro uvuye ku ibuye ryashongeshejwe riba riri munsi y'ubutaka kandi rigafata igihe kirekire.
Iyo granite igaragaye ku buso bw'Isi, iterwa n'izamuka ry'amabuye ya granite n'isenyuka ry'amabuye ari hejuru yayo.
Munsi y'amabuye y'urutare, granite, granite yahinduwe cyangwa andi mabuye afitanye isano akenshi aba ari munsi y'ubu butwikirizo. Nyuma yaho azwi nk'amabuye yo munsi y'ubutaka.
Ibisobanuro bikoreshwa kuri granite bikunze gutuma habaho itumanaho ku ibuye ndetse rimwe na rimwe bigatera urujijo. Hari igihe hakoreshwa ibisobanuro byinshi. Hari uburyo butatu bwo gusobanura granite.
Uburyo bworoshye bwo ku rutare, hamwe n'amabuye y'agaciro ya granite, mica na amphibole, bushobora kuvugwa nk'urutare rukomeye, rworoheje, rugizwe ahanini na feldspar na quartz.
Inzobere mu butare izagena imiterere nyayo y'urutare, kandi abahanga benshi ntibazakoresha granite mu kumenya urutare keretse ruhuye n'ijanisha runaka ry'amabuye y'agaciro. Bashobora kurwita alkaline granite, granodiorite, pegmatite cyangwa aplite.
Ibisobanuro by'ubucuruzi bikoreshwa n'abagurisha n'abaguzi bikunze kwitwa amabuye y'urusenda akomeye kurusha granite. Bashobora kwita granite ya gabro, basalt, pegmatite, gneiss n'andi mabuye menshi.
Muri rusange risobanurwa nk'"ibuye rinini" rishobora gucibwa ku burebure, ubugari n'ubunini bumwe na bumwe.
Granite ikomeye bihagije kugira ngo ishobore kwihanganira gushwanyagurika kenshi, uburemere bunini, kwihanganira ikirere no kwakira varnish. Ni ibuye ryiza cyane kandi rifite akamaro.
Nubwo igiciro cya granite kiri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'igiciro cy'ibindi bikoresho byakozwe n'abantu mu mishinga, gifatwa nk'igikoresho cy'icyubahiro gikoreshwa mu kugira ingaruka ku bandi kubera ubwiza bwacyo, kuramba kwacyo n'ubwiza bwacyo.