NDE ni iki?
Isuzuma ritangiza ibidukikije (NDE) ni ijambo rikunze gukoreshwa mu buryo buhuriweho na NDT. Ariko, mu buryo bwa tekiniki, NDE ikoreshwa mu gusobanura ibipimo bifite imiterere myinshi. Urugero, uburyo bwa NDE ntibwagaragaza gusa inenge, ahubwo bwanakoreshwa mu gupima ikintu kijyanye n'iyo nenge nk'ingano yayo, imiterere yayo, n'icyerekezo cyayo. NDE ishobora gukoreshwa mu kugena imiterere y'ibikoresho, nko gukomera kw'ivunika, ubushobozi bwo gushingwa, n'ibindi biranga imiterere yayo.
Amwe mu makoranabuhanga ya NDT/NDE:
Abantu benshi basanzwe bazi ikoranabuhanga rimwe na rimwe rikoreshwa muri NDT na NDE bitewe n'uko rikoreshwa mu buvuzi. Abantu benshi banafashwe X-ray kandi ababyeyi benshi bakorewe ultrasound n'abaganga kugira ngo bapime umwana wabo akiri mu nda. X-ray na ultrasound ni bimwe mu ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu bijyanye na NDT / NDE. Umubare w'uburyo bwo gusuzuma usa n'aho wiyongera buri munsi, ariko incamake y'uburyo bukoreshwa cyane iratangwa hano hepfo.
Isuzuma ry'amaso n'amaso (VT)
Uburyo bw'ibanze bwa NDT ni ugusuzuma hakoreshejwe amaso. Abasuzuma bakoresheje amaso bakurikiza inzira zitandukanye kuva ku kureba igice kugira ngo barebe niba inenge zo hejuru zigaragara, kugeza no gukoresha sisitemu za kamera zigenzurwa na mudasobwa kugira ngo bamenye kandi bapime imiterere y'igice runaka.
Isuzuma ry'imirasire (RT)
RT ikoresha imirasire ya gamma cyangwa X mu gusuzuma inenge z'ibikoresho n'ibicuruzwa ndetse n'imiterere yabyo. Imashini ya X-ray cyangwa isotope ikoresha imirasire ikoreshwa nk'isoko y'imirasire. Imirasire inyuzwa mu gice runaka ikajya kuri firime cyangwa ikindi gikoresho. Ishusho mbonera igaragaza imiterere y'imbere n'ubuziranenge bw'igice. Ubunini n'impinduka z'ubucucike bw'ibikoresho bigaragazwa nk'ahantu horoshye cyangwa hijimye kuri firime. Uduce twijimye muri radiyo iri hepfo tugaragaza ubucucike bw'imbere muri icyo gice.
Isuzuma ry'uduce twa Magnetic Particles (MT)
Ubu buryo bwa NDT bukorwa hakoreshejwe imbaraga za rukuruzi mu bikoresho bya ferromagnetike hanyuma ugasiga ivumbi ku buso ukoresheje uduce tw'icyuma (twaba twumye cyangwa duhagaze mu mazi). Ubusembwa bwo hejuru n'ubwo hafi y'ubuso butanga inkingi za rukuruzi cyangwa bugahindura imbaraga za rukuruzi ku buryo uduce tw'icyuma dukururwa kandi tugakomera. Ibi bigaragaza ko hari inenge ku buso bw'ibikoresho. Amashusho ari hepfo agaragaza igice mbere na nyuma yo gusuzuma hakoreshejwe uduce tw'imbaraga za rukuruzi twumye.
Isuzuma rya Ultrasonic (UT)
Mu igerageza rya ultrasound, amajwi yo mu bwoko bwa "high-frequency" yoherezwa mu bikoresho kugira ngo hamenyekane inenge cyangwa hamenyekane impinduka mu miterere y'ibikoresho. Uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu igerageza rya ultrasound ni "pulse echo", aho amajwi yinjizwa mu kintu gipimwa hanyuma "reflections" (amajwi) aturutse ku ntege nke z'imbere cyangwa ubuso bw'igice bigasubizwa kuri "receiver". Hasi hari urugero rwo kugenzura "shear wave weld". Reba ikimenyetso kigera ku mbibi zo hejuru za ecran. Iki kimenyetso gitangwa n'amajwi aturutse ku nenge iri muri "weld".
Gupima Indwara yo Kunyura mu Gifu (PT)
Igikoresho cyo gupima gitwikiriwe n'umuti uriho irangi rigaragara cyangwa rirabagirana. Umuti urenze uvanwa ku buso bw'ikintu ariko ugasigarana inenge zisenya ubuso. Hanyuma hakoreshwa umuhanga mu gupima kugira ngo akuremo icyuma gisohoka mu tuntu duto. Hakoreshejwe irangi ritanga urumuri rwa ultraviolet, urumuri rwa ultraviolet rukoreshwa kugira ngo umwijima usohoka ugaragare neza, bityo bigatuma inenge zigaragara neza. Hamwe n'irangi rigaragara, itandukaniro ry'amabara hagati y'icyuma gisohoka n'igikoresho rituma "amaraso asohoka" byoroha kugaragara. Ibimenyetso by'umutuku biri hepfo bigaragaza inenge nyinshi muri iki gice.
EIsuzuma rya elektromagineti (ET)
Imirasire y'amashanyarazi (imirasire ya eddy) ikorwa mu bikoresho biyobora amashanyarazi binyuze mu ngufu za rukuruzi zihinduka. Imbaraga z'iyi mirasire ya eddy zishobora gupimwa. Inenge z'ibikoresho zitera ihungabana mu migendekere y'imirasire ya eddy, ibi bikaba byamenyesha umugenzuzi ko hari inenge. Imirasire ya eddy nayo igirwaho ingaruka n'ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi n'ubushobozi bwa rukuruzi bw'ibikoresho, bigatuma bishoboka gutondeka bimwe mu bikoresho hashingiwe kuri iyo miterere. Umutekinisiye uri hepfo arimo kugenzura ibaba ry'indege kugira ngo arebe niba hari inenge.
Isuzuma ry'amazi asohoka (LT)
Hari uburyo butandukanye bukoreshwa mu kumenya no kumenya aho amazi aturuka mu bice bicunga umuvuduko, imiyoboro y'umuvuduko, n'imiterere y'ibintu. Aho amazi aturuka hashobora kumenyekana hakoreshejwe ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byo kumva, gupima umuvuduko, uburyo bwo kwinjira mu mazi n'umwuka, cyangwa ikizamini cyoroshye cyo gukoresha isabune.
Isuzuma ry'Imyuka Ihumanya (AE)
Iyo ikintu gikomeye gishyizwemo imbaraga, inenge ziri muri icyo kintu zisohora ingufu ngufi z’amajwi zitwa "ibyuka bihumanya ikirere". Kimwe no mu isuzuma rya ultrasound, ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bishobora kumenyekana n’ibikoresho byihariye byakira ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Inkomoko y’ibyuka irashobora gusuzumwa binyuze mu kwiga ubukana bwabyo n’igihe bigeze kugira ngo hakusanywe amakuru yerekeye amasoko y’ingufu, nk’aho ziherereye.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-27-2021