Icyo "Gukurikirana Gupima" Mu by'ukuri Bisobanura (n'impamvu bikwiye kugenzurwa)

Niba warigeze gusoma urupapuro rw'umutanga serivisi ukabona umurongo nk'uyu "wagenzuwe, ushobora gukurikiranwa hakurikijwe amahame y'igihugu," biroroshye kuwurengaho nk'aho ari wo ukoreshwa mu gupima. Ntabwo bikwiye kuba. Gukurikirana ni kimwe mu bintu bike biri ku rupapuro rw'igenzura mu by'ukuri bishobora kwemezwa, kandi ni kimwe mu bikunze kuvugwa cyane.

Uruhererekane, rwasobanuwe mu buryo bworoshye

Gukurikirana bivuze ko igikoresho gipimisha neza gishobora guhuzwa, binyuze mu ruhererekane rudacika rw'igereranya, kigasubira ku gipimo cyemewe cy'igihugu cyangwa mpuzamahanga. Mu by'ukuri ibi bisa nka piramide: ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ibipimo - NIST muri Amerika, PTB mu Budage, NIM mu Bushinwa, NPL mu Bwongereza - gikomeza amahame y'ibanze. Laboratwari zemewe zo gupima mu karere zigereranya ibikoresho byazo by'ibanze n'ayo mahame y'ibanze ku gihe runaka cyagenwe. Ibikoresho byo kugenzura by'uruganda - ibimenyetso by'ibipimo, interferometer za laser, urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga - hanyuma bigapimwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya laboratwari yo mu karere, hamwe n'icyemezo kigaragaza igereranya, itandukaniro ryapimwe, n'itariki.

Guca umurongo uwo ari wo wose muri uwo muyoboro, ijambo "ryagenzuwe" ntirigire icyo risobanura cyane. Igikoresho cyagenzuwe rimwe, mu myaka itanu ishize, kirwanya ibikoresho ubwabyo bitari byarigeze bikomoka ku kigo cy’igihugu, ntabwo gitandukanye mu buryo bufatika n’igikoresho kidagenzuwe - gifite agapapuro gatuma gisa n’ikindi.

Impamvu ibi bigira akamaro cyane ku mbuga zishingiye kuri granite n'amabuye

Amasahani yo hejuru ya granite n'ibikoresho byo gupima neza ni urugero rwiza rw'aho uburyo bwo gukurikirana ibintu butemerwa mu bikorwa. Ubusanzwe uburyo bwo gupima ibintu kuri ibi bicuruzwa bugenwa hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho by'igihugu - DIN 876 na DIN 875 by'Ubudage, GGG-P-463C y'Abanyamerika, JIS B 7513 y'Ubuyapani, ibipimo ngenderwaho by'igihugu by'Ubushinwa bya GB, BS 817 y'Ubwongereza, cyangwa ibindi bisa nabyo mu Bufaransa no mu Burusiya. Buri gipimo ngenderwaho gisobanura uburyo bwo gutandukanya ibintu mu buryo bworoshye mu bunini n'amanota atandukanye ya plate (ubusanzwe ni grade 00, grade 0, grade 1, grade 2). Icyapa cyanditseho "grade 0" nta gaciro gifite hatabayeho inyandiko y'igipimo cyapimwe, igikoresho cyapimwe, ndetse niba uburyo icyo gikoresho ubwacyo bushobora gukurikiranwa.

Aha niho itandukaniro riri hagati yo gupima interferometer n'igenzura rya mechanical straightedge riba rigaragara. Interferometer ya laser ishobora gukemura ikibazo cyo kunyura mu buryo burambuye ku rwego rwa nanometer kandi ubwayo igenzurwa n'urugero rw'uburebure bw'urumuri, rushobora gukurikiranwa neza nk'uko igipimo kigenda. Kugereranya straightedge hakoreshejwe intoki ni byo byihuse kandi bihendutse, ariko bifite umugozi munini wo kutamenya neza, kandi laboratwari zizwi muri rusange zigaragaza neza uburyo bwakoreshejwe ku cyemezo runaka.

Urutonde rugufi rw'abaguzi

Ku muntu uwo ari we wese ugaragazaibikoresho by'ubuhanga— platformi za granite, ibikoresho bya CMM, ibitanda by'ibikoresho by'imashini — hari ibibazo bike bikwiye kubazwa umucuruzi uwo ari we wese mbere yo gufata ikirego "cyagenzuwe" ku giciro cyonyine:

• Ni iyihe ngingo ngenderwaho y’igihugu cyangwa mpuzamahanga yapimwe, kandi se icyemezo cyayivuzeho mu buryo bweruye?
• Ni iyihe laboratwari yatanze icyemezo cyo gupima, kandi se iyo laboratwari ubwayo yemewe n'ikigo cy'igihugu cyemewe cyo gupima?
• Ni ikihe gikoresho cyakoreshejwe mu gupima, kandi hari itariki yo gupima n'inyandiko yo gukurikirana icyo gikoresho?
• Ese icyemezo cy'igice cyihariye gifite inomero z'uruhererekane kiri koherezwa, cyangwa ni inyandiko rusange y'umurongo w'ibicuruzwa?

Nta na kimwe muri ibi ari amakuru adasanzwe — abatanga serivisi z’ubucuruzi babifitiye ubumenyi buhanitse bayatanga nk’uko bisanzwe, akenshi batabanje kubazwa kabiri. Igihe bigoye kubona igisubizo cy’ukuri akenshi ni cyo kintu gikwiye kwitonderwa.