Flat Panel Yerekana (FPD) yahindutse inzira nyamukuru ya TV zizaza.Nibisanzwe muri rusange, ariko nta bisobanuro bihamye kwisi.Mubisanzwe, ubu bwoko bwo kwerekana ni buke kandi busa nkibibaho.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibibaho byerekana., Ukurikije icyerekezo giciriritse kandi gikora, hariho kwerekana ibintu byerekana amazi (LCD), kwerekana plasma (PDP), kwerekana amashanyarazi (ELD), kwerekana amashanyarazi ya elegitoronike (OLED), kwerekana ibyuka bihumanya (FED), kwerekana ibyerekanwa, nibindi. Ibikoresho byinshi bya FPD bikozwe na granite.Kuberako imashini ya granite ifite ibisobanuro byiza nibiranga umubiri.
inzira y'iterambere
Ugereranije na CRT gakondo (cathode ray tube), icyerekezo cyerekana gifite ibyiza byo kunanuka, urumuri, gukoresha ingufu nke, imirasire mike, nta guhindagurika, kandi bifitiye akamaro ubuzima bwabantu.Yarenze CRT mu kugurisha isi.Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2010, byagereranijwe ko igipimo cy’agaciro k’ibicuruzwa byombi kizagera kuri 5: 1.Mu kinyejana cya 21, icyerekezo kiboneye kizahinduka ibicuruzwa byingenzi byerekanwe.Dukurikije ibivugwa na Stanford Resources izwi cyane, isoko ryerekana imurikagurisha ku isi rizava kuri miliyari 23 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2001 rigere kuri miliyari 58.7 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2006, naho ikigereranyo cy'ubwiyongere bw'umwaka kizagera kuri 20% mu myaka 4 iri imbere.
Erekana ikoranabuhanga
Flat panel yerekana yashyizwe mubikorwa bikora urumuri rusohora rwerekana kandi urumuri rutanga ibyerekanwa.Iyambere yerekeza ku gikoresho cyerekana icyerekezo ubwacyo gisohora urumuri kandi gitanga imirasire igaragara, ikubiyemo kwerekana plasma (PDP), kwerekana vacuum fluorescent (VFD), kwerekana ibyuka byoherezwa mu kirere (FED), kwerekana amashanyarazi (LED) hamwe n’urumuri kama rusohora kwerekana diode (OLED)) Tegereza.Iheruka bivuze ko idatanga urumuri rwonyine, ahubwo ikoresha uburyo bwo kwerekana kugirango ihindurwe n’ikimenyetso cy’amashanyarazi, kandi imiterere yacyo ya optique irahinduka, ihindura urumuri rw’ibidukikije n’umucyo utangwa n’amashanyarazi yo hanze (urumuri rwinyuma, urumuri rutanga isoko ), kandi ubikore kuri ecran ya ecran cyangwa ecran.Erekana ibikoresho, birimo ibiyobora byerekana amazi (LCD), sisitemu ya micro-electronique yerekana (DMD) hamwe na wino ya elegitoronike (EL), nibindi.
LCD
Amazi ya kirisiti yerekana arimo pasitoro ya matrike yamashanyarazi (PM-LCD) hamwe na matrix ikora ya kirisiti yerekana (AM-LCD).Byombi STN na TN byamazi ya kirisiti yerekana ni matrike ya matrike ya pasitoro yerekana.Mu myaka ya za 90, ikora-matrix yamazi ya kristu yerekana ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere byihuse, cyane cyane firime yoroheje ya tristoriste yamazi ya kirisiti yerekana (TFT-LCD).Nibicuruzwa bisimburwa na STN, bifite ibyiza byo kwihuta byihuse kandi nta guhindagurika, kandi bikoreshwa cyane muri mudasobwa zigendanwa hamwe n’aho bakorera, televiziyo, kamera na videwo yimikino ya videwo.Itandukaniro riri hagati ya AM-LCD na PM-LCD nuko iyambere ifite ibikoresho byo guhinduranya byongewe kuri buri pigiseli, ishobora gutsinda kwambukiranya no kubona itandukaniro ryinshi kandi ryerekana neza.Ubu AM-LCD ikoresha amorphous silicon (a-Si) TFT igikoresho cyo guhinduranya hamwe na capacitori yo kubika, ishobora kubona urwego rwinshi rwimyenda kandi ikamenya ibara ryukuri.Ariko rero, gukenera gukemurwa cyane hamwe na pigiseli ntoya ya kamera yuzuye ya kamera hamwe na progaramu ya projection yatumye iterambere rya P-Si (polysilicon) TFT (tristoriste yoroheje) yerekana.Kugenda kwa P-Si byikubye inshuro 8 kugeza kuri 9 kurenza i-Si.Ingano ntoya ya P-Si TFT ntabwo ikwiranye gusa nubucucike bukabije kandi bwerekana cyane, ariko kandi imiyoboro ya peripheri irashobora guhuzwa kuri substrate.
Muri rusange, LCD ikwiranye no kwerekana ibyoroshye, byoroheje, bito n'ibiciriritse byerekana ingufu nke, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mubikoresho bya elegitoronike nka mudasobwa ya ikaye na terefone zigendanwa.LCDs-30-na 40-LCDs byatejwe imbere neza, kandi bimwe byarakoreshejwe.Nyuma yumusaruro munini wa LCD, igiciro gikomeza kugabanuka.Monitor ya 15-LCD iraboneka $ 500.Icyerekezo cyiterambere cyigihe kizaza ni ugusimbuza cathode yerekana PC hanyuma ukayishyira muri LCD TV.
Kwerekana plasma
Plasma yerekana ni tekinoroji yerekana urumuri rwerekanwe nihame rya gaze (nkikirere).Plasma yerekana ifite ibyiza bya cathode ray tubes, ariko yahimbwe muburyo buto cyane.Ingano yibicuruzwa byingenzi ni santimetero 40-42.Ibicuruzwa 50 bya santimetero 60 biri mu majyambere.
vacuum fluorescence
Vacuum fluorescent yerekana niyerekanwa rikoreshwa cyane mubicuruzwa byamajwi / amashusho nibikoresho byo murugo.Nibikoresho bya triode electronique yubwoko bwa vacuum yerekana igikoresho gikubiyemo cathode, grid na anode mumiyoboro ya vacuum.Ni uko electron zasohowe na cathode zihutishwa na voltage nziza ikoreshwa kuri gride na anode, kandi igatera fosifore yashizwe kuri anode kugirango itange urumuri.Urusobe rukoresha imiterere yubuki.
electroluminescence)
Electroluminescent yerekana ikozwe hifashishijwe tekinoroji-yoroheje ya tekinoroji.Icyuma gikingira gishyirwa hagati yamasahani 2 yayobora hanyuma hashyizwemo urwego ruto rwa electroluminescent.Igikoresho gikoresha zinc-cated cyangwa strontium-plaque plaque ifite ibyuka bihumanya ikirere nkibigize electroluminescent.Igice cya electroluminescent gifite uburebure bwa microne 100 kandi kirashobora kugera ku ngaruka zisobanutse nkurumuri kama rusohora diode (OLED).Ubusanzwe amashanyarazi ya voltage ni 10KHz, 200V AC voltage, bisaba umushoferi uhenze cyane IC.Microdisplay ihanitse cyane ikoresheje gahunda yo gutwara ibinyabiziga ikora neza.
yayoboye
Diode yerekana urumuri rugizwe numubare munini wa diode itanga urumuri, rushobora kuba monocromatic cyangwa amabara menshi.Imikorere-yubururu-yubururu itanga urumuri rwinshi rwabonetse, bituma bishoboka kubyara ibara ryuzuye-nini ya ecran ya LED.LED yerekana ifite ibiranga umucyo mwinshi, gukora neza no kuramba, kandi birakwiriye kwerekana ecran nini yo gukoresha hanze.Nyamara, nta ntera yo hagati yerekana monitor cyangwa PDA (mudasobwa ikoreshwa) ntishobora gukorwa nubu buhanga.Nyamara, LED monolithic igizwe numuzunguruko irashobora gukoreshwa nkigaragaza rya monochromatic.
MEMS
Iyi ni microdisplay yakozwe ikoresheje tekinoroji ya MEMS.Muri ubwo buryo bwo kwerekana, microscopique yubukanishi ihimbwa no gutunganya igice cya kabiri hamwe nibindi bikoresho ukoresheje uburyo busanzwe bwa semiconductor.Mubikoresho bya micromirror ya digitale, imiterere ni micromirror ishyigikiwe na hinge.Impeta zayo zikoreshwa nuburyo bwo kwishyurwa ku isahani ihujwe na selile imwe yibuka hepfo.Ingano ya buri micromirror ni hafi ya diameter yumusatsi wumuntu.Iki gikoresho gikoreshwa cyane cyane mubikorwa byubucuruzi byimukanwa hamwe nu nzu yimikino yo murugo.
imyuka ihumanya ikirere
Ihame ryibanze ryerekana ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ni kimwe nki ya cathode ray tube, ni ukuvuga ko electron zikururwa nisahani hanyuma zigakorwa kugirango zigongane na fosifori yashizwe kuri anode kugirango itange urumuri.Cathode yayo igizwe numubare munini wamasoko ya elegitoroniki yatunganijwe muburyo butandukanye, ni ukuvuga muburyo bwa array ya pigiseli imwe na cathode imwe.Kimwe na plasma yerekana, ibyuka byoherezwa mu kirere bisaba imbaraga nyinshi zo gukora, kuva kuri 200V kugeza 6000V.Ariko kugeza ubu, ntabwo byahindutse icyerekezo rusange cyerekana ibiciro kubera umusaruro mwinshi wibikoresho byacyo.
urumuri kama
Mu kwerekana urumuri rwerekana urumuri (OLED), umuyagankuba uca mu gice kimwe cyangwa byinshi bya plastiki kugirango ubyare urumuri rusa na diode itanga urumuri.Ibi bivuze ko igikenewe kubikoresho bya OLED ni firime ikomeye ya firime kuri substrate.Nyamara, ibikoresho kama byumva cyane imyuka y'amazi na ogisijeni, bityo gufunga ni ngombwa.OLEDs ni ibikoresho bitanga urumuri kandi byerekana urumuri rwiza kandi rukoresha ingufu nke.Bafite amahirwe menshi yo kubyara umusaruro muburyo bwo kuzunguruka kuri substrate yoroheje bityo bikaba bihendutse kubikora.Ikoranabuhanga rifite uburyo butandukanye bwo gukoresha, kuva mu buryo bworoshye bwa monochromatic nini-yerekana amatara kugeza amashusho yuzuye yerekana amashusho.
Irangi rya elegitoroniki
E-wino yerekana ni disikuru igenzurwa no gukoresha umurima w'amashanyarazi kubintu bifatika.Igizwe numubare munini wa micro-ifunze sisitemu ibonerana, buri kimwe kigera kuri microni 100 z'umurambararo, kirimo ibintu byirabura byirabura bisize irangi hamwe nibihumbi n'ibihumbi bya dioxyde de titanium yera.Iyo umurima w'amashanyarazi ushyizwe mubikoresho bistable, uduce duto twa dioxyde de titanium twimuka tugana kuri imwe muri electrode bitewe nuburyo zishyurwa.Ibi bitera pigiseli gusohora urumuri cyangwa ntabwo.Kuberako ibikoresho ari bistable, bigumana amakuru kumezi.Kubera ko imikorere yacyo igenzurwa numuriro wamashanyarazi, ibyerekanwe birashobora guhinduka hamwe ningufu nke cyane.
urumuri rwaka
Flame Photometric Detector FPD (Ikimenyetso cya Flame Photometric Detector, FPD kubugufi)
1. Ihame rya FPD
Ihame rya FPD rishingiye ku gutwika icyitegererezo mu muriro ukungahaye kuri hydrogène, ku buryo ibice birimo sulfure na fosifore bigabanywa na hydrogène nyuma yo gutwikwa, hamwe na leta zishimye za S2 * (leta ishimishije ya S2) na HPO * (leta ishimishije ya HPO) irabyara.Ibintu byombi byishimye birasa spekure hafi 400nm na 550nm iyo bisubiye mubutaka.Ubukomezi bwiyi spekure bupimwa numuyoboro wa Photomultiplier, kandi ubukana bwurumuri buringaniye nigipimo cyinshi cyikitegererezo.FPD ni disiketi yunvikana cyane kandi itoranya, ikoreshwa cyane mugusesengura ibice bya sulfure na fosifore.
2. Imiterere ya FPD
FPD ni imiterere ihuza FID na Photometer.Byatangiye nkumuriro umwe FPD.Nyuma ya 1978, kugirango huzuzwe ibitagenda neza bya FPD imwe, FPD ebyiri-flame.Ifite ibirimi bibiri bitandukanye bya hydrogène yumuriro, urumuri rwo hepfo ruhindura molekile ntangarugero mubicuruzwa byaka birimo molekile yoroshye ugereranije na S2 na HPO;urumuri rwo hejuru rutanga luminescent yishimye ibice bya leta nka S2 * na HPO *, hari idirishya ryerekeza kumuriro wo hejuru, kandi ubukana bwa chemiluminescence bugaragazwa numuyoboro wa Photomultiplier.Idirishya rikozwe mubirahure bikomeye, na flake nozzle ikozwe mubyuma.
3. Imikorere ya FPD
FPD nikintu cyatoranijwe kugirango hamenyekane ibice bya sulfure na fosifore.Umuriro wacyo ni urumuri rukungahaye kuri hydrogène, kandi itangwa ryumwuka rirahagije kugirango umuntu yitabe 70% ya hydrogène, bityo ubushyuhe bwumuriro ni buke kugirango habeho sulfure na fosifore.Ibice bivanze.Umuvuduko wa gazi itwara, hydrogène nu mwuka bigira uruhare runini kuri FPD, bityo kugenzura gazi bigomba kuba bihamye cyane.Ubushyuhe bwa flame kugirango hamenyekane ibice birimo sulfure bigomba kuba hafi 390 ° C, bishobora kubyara S2 * ishimishije;kugirango hamenyekane ibice birimo fosifore, igipimo cya hydrogène na ogisijeni kigomba kuba hagati ya 2 na 5, naho igipimo cya hydrogène na ogisijeni kigomba guhinduka ukurikije ingero zitandukanye.Gazi itwara na gaze yo kwisiga nayo igomba guhinduka neza kugirango ibone igipimo cyiza-cy-urusaku.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-18-2022