Icyerekezo cya Flat Panel Display (FPD) cyabaye ikintu gikuru muri televiziyo z'ejo hazaza. Ni cyo gisanzwe, ariko nta gisobanuro gihamye gihari ku isi. Muri rusange, ubwo bwoko bw'icyerekezo ni buto kandi busa n'icyerekezo cy'urukiramende. Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'icyerekezo cy'urukiramende. Dukurikije uburyo bwo kwerekana n'ihame ry'imikorere, hari icyerekezo cya liquid crystal display (LCD), icyerekezo cya plasma (PDP), icyerekanwa cya electroluminescence (ELD), icyerekanwa cya organic electroluminescence (OLED), icyerekanwa cya field emission display (FED), icyerekanwa cya projection display, nibindi. Ibikoresho byinshi bya FPD bikozwe na granite. Kubera ko imashini za granite zifite imiterere myiza kandi ifatika.
iterambere rigezweho
Ugereranyije na CRT isanzwe (cathode ray tube), ecran ya flat panel ifite ibyiza byo kuba ifite urumuri, ingufu nke, imirasire mike, nta muriro ugaragara, kandi ifite akamaro ku buzima bw'abantu. Yarenze CRT mu kugurisha ku isi. Mu 2010, bivugwa ko igipimo cy'agaciro k'ibicuruzwa bibiri kizagera kuri 5: 1. Mu kinyejana cya 21, ecran ya flat panel izaba ari yo ikoreshwa cyane muri ecran. Dukurikije ibyari byateganijwe na Stanford Resources izwi cyane, isoko ry'ecran ya flat panel ku isi rizazamuka riva kuri miliyari 23 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2001 rigere kuri miliyari 58.7 z'amadolari ya Amerika mu 2006, kandi igipimo cy'izamuka ry'umwaka kizagera kuri 20% mu myaka 4 iri imbere.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo kwerekana
Ibyerekanwa bya Flat panel bishyirwa mu byiciro bibiri: active light exhausting displays na passive light exhausting displays. Icya mbere kivuga ku gikoresho cyo kwerekana aho display medium ubwayo itanga urumuri kandi igatanga imirasire igaragara, irimo plasma display (PDP), vacuum fluorescent display (VFD), field emission display (FED), electroluminescence display (LED) na organic light exhausting diode diode display (OLED)). Icya nyuma bivuze ko idatanga urumuri ubwayo, ahubwo ikoresha display medium kugira ngo ihindurwe n'ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi, kandi imiterere yacyo y'urumuri irahinduka, igahindura urumuri rw'ikirere n'urumuri rutangwa n'amashanyarazi yo hanze (urumuri rw'inyuma, isoko y'urumuri rwerekana), kandi ikabikora kuri ecran cyangwa ecran. Ibikoresho byo kwerekana, birimo liquid crystal display (LCD), micro-electromechanical system display (DMD) na electronic wino display (EL), nibindi.
LCD
Ibyerekanwa bya kristalo y'amazi birimo passive matrix liquid crystal displays (PM-LCD) na active matrix liquid crystal displays (AM-LCD). Ibyerekanwa bya kristalo y'amazi bya STN na TN byombi ni ibya passive matrix liquid crystal displays. Mu myaka ya 1990, ikoranabuhanga ryo kwerekana kristalo y'amazi rya active-matrix ryateye imbere cyane, cyane cyane thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD). Nk'igicuruzwa cyasimbuwe na STN, ifite ibyiza byo kwihuta mu gusubiza no kudacikagurika, kandi ikoreshwa cyane muri mudasobwa zigendanwa n'ibigo by'akazi, televiziyo, kamera n'ibikoresho byo gukina imikino yo mu ntoki. Itandukaniro riri hagati ya AM-LCD na PM-LCD ni uko iya mbere ifite ibikoresho byo guhindura kuri buri pixel, bishobora gutsinda interference no kubona display ifite contrast nyinshi na high resolution. AM-LCD iriho ubu ikoresha silicon (a-Si) TFT switching device na storage capacitor scheme, ishobora kubona urwego rwo hejuru rw'imvi no kubona display nyayo y'amabara. Ariko, gukenera resolution nini na pixel ntoya kuri camera na projection applications za high-density byatumye habaho display za P-Si (polysilicon) TFT (thin film transistor). Uburyo bwo kugenda bwa P-Si buri hejuru inshuro 8 kugeza kuri 9 ugereranyije n’ubwa a-Si. Ingano nto ya P-Si TFT ntikwiriye gusa kwerekana ibintu bifite ubucucike bwinshi kandi bifite ubushobozi bwo kwerekana ibintu byinshi, ahubwo n’imiyoboro ya peripheral ishobora gushyirwa kuri substrate.
Muri rusange, LCD ikwiriye amatara yoroheje, yoroheje, mato n'aciriritse kandi ikoresha ingufu nke, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga nka mudasobwa zo mu bwoko bwa laptop na telefoni zigendanwa. Amatara y'amashanyarazi ya santimetero 30 na santimetero 40 yakozwe neza, kandi amwe yarakoreshejwe. Nyuma yo gukora LCD ku rwego runini, ikiguzi kiragabanuka buri gihe. Itara ry'amashanyarazi ya santimetero 15 riboneka ku madolari 500. Icyerekezo cyaryo cy'iterambere ni ugusimbuza itara ry'amashanyarazi rya mudasobwa no kurikoresha kuri televiziyo ya LCD.
Icyerekanwa cya Plasma
Icyerekanwa cya plasma ni ikoranabuhanga ritanga urumuri rikoreshwa mu ihame ryo gusohora gaze (nk'ikirere). Icyerekanwa cya plasma gifite ibyiza nk'imiyoboro ya cathode ray, ariko gikorerwa ku nyubako nto cyane. Ingano y'ibicuruzwa bisanzwe ni santimetero 40-42. Ibicuruzwa 50 bya santimetero 60 birimo gukorwa.
urumuri rw'umwuka uva mu cyuma
Icyerekezo cy’amashanyarazi gikoresha amashanyarazi ashyushye ni ikimenyetso gikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho by’amajwi/amashusho no mu bikoresho byo mu rugo. Ni igikoresho cy’amashanyarazi gikoresha amashanyarazi ashyushye gifata cathode, grid na anode mu muyoboro w’amashanyarazi ashyushye. Ni uko electron zisohoka muri cathode zihuta bitewe n’imbaraga za positive zishyirwa ku muyoboro w’amashanyarazi na anode, kandi zigatera phosphor itwikiriwe kuri anode kugira ngo itange urumuri. Uru ruganda rukoresha imiterere y’ubuki.
urumuri rw'amashanyarazi)
Ibyerekanwa bya electroluminescent bikorwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya thin-state solid-state. Urwego rwo gukingira rushyirwa hagati y’amasahani abiri ayobora amashanyarazi hanyuma hagashyirwaho urwego rworoshye rwa electroluminescent. Icyo gikoresho gikoresha amasahani afite zinc cyangwa strontium afite spectrum yagutse yo gusohora nk'ibice bya electroluminescent. Urwego rwacyo rwa electroluminescent rufite ubugari bwa mikoroni 100 kandi rushobora kugera ku ngaruka imwe yo kwerekana nk'iya diode y'urumuri ya organic (OLED). Voltage isanzwe ya drive ni 10KHz, voltage ya 200V AC, isaba voltage ihenze ya driver IC. Microdisplay ifite ubushobozi bwo kwerekana imiterere ihanitse ikoresheje gahunda yo gutwara active array yakozwe neza.
Kuyoborwa
Ibyerekanwa bya diode zitanga urumuri bigizwe n'umubare munini wa diode zitanga urumuri, zishobora kuba monochromatic cyangwa multi-color. Diode z'ubururu zitanga urumuri zikora neza cyane zarabonetse, bituma bishoboka gukora ecran za LED zifite amabara menshi. Ecran za LED zifite imiterere y'urumuri rwinshi, imikorere myiza kandi zimara igihe kirekire, kandi zikwiriye ecran nini zikoreshwa hanze. Ariko, nta ecran zo hagati za monitors cyangwa PDAs (mudasobwa zifatanwa n'intoki) zishobora gukorwa hifashishijwe iri koranabuhanga. Ariko, circuit ya LED monolithic integrated irashobora gukoreshwa nk'ecran ya monochromatic item.
MEMS
Iyi ni microdisplay ikorwa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya MEMS. Muri izo ecran, imiterere ya micromechanical ikorwa hifashishijwe semiconductors n'ibindi bikoresho hakoreshejwe imikorere isanzwe ya semiconductor. Mu gikoresho cya micromirror gikoresha digitale, imiterere ni micromirror ishyigikiwe n'agakingirizo. Amakingirizo yayo akoreshwa n'amashanyarazi ari ku byapa bihujwe na imwe mu turemangingo tw'ububiko turi hepfo. Ingano ya buri micromirror ni hafi umurambararo w'umusatsi w'umuntu. Iki gikoresho gikoreshwa cyane cyane mu byuma bitwara amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byo mu rugo.
imyuka ihumanya ikirere
Ihame ry'ibanze ry'ikimenyetso cy'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ni kimwe n'iry'umuyoboro wa cathode ray, ni ukuvuga ko electron zikururwa n'isahani hanyuma zigahuzwa na fosforasi itwikiriwe kuri anode kugira ngo zitange urumuri. Cathode yayo igizwe n'amasoko menshi ya electron mato atondetse mu buryo bumwe, ni ukuvuga mu buryo bwa pixel imwe na cathode imwe. Kimwe n'ikimenyetso cy'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, ikimenyetso cy'ibyuka bihumanya ikirere gisaba voltage nyinshi kugira ngo gikore, kuva kuri 200V kugeza kuri 6000V. Ariko kugeza ubu, ntabwo cyabaye ikimenyetso cy'ahantu hanini gitembera bitewe n'ikiguzi kinini cy'ibikoresho byacyo.
urumuri rw'umwimerere
Mu imurikagurisha rya diode ritanga urumuri rw’umwimerere (OLED), umuriro w’amashanyarazi unyura mu gice kimwe cyangwa byinshi bya pulasitiki kugira ngo habeho urumuri rusa na diode zitanga urumuri rw’umwimerere. Ibi bivuze ko igikenewe ku gikoresho cya OLED ari agace gafite imiterere ikomeye ya filime ku gice cy’ubutaka. Ariko, ibikoresho by’umwimerere bifata cyane umwuka w’amazi na ogisijeni, bityo gufunga ni ngombwa. OLED ni ibikoresho bitanga urumuri kandi bigaragaza imiterere myiza y’urumuri n’imikorere mike y’ingufu. Bifite ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gukora ibintu byinshi mu buryo bwo kuzunguruka ku gice cy’ubutaka cyoroshye kandi bityo bikaba bihendutse cyane mu kubikora. Iri koranabuhanga rifite uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha, kuva ku matara yoroshye yo mu gace kanini kugeza ku mashusho y’amabara yuzuye.
Wino y'ikoranabuhanga
Ibyerekanwa bya e-wino ni ibyerekanwa bigenzurwa hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi ku gikoresho gikoreshwa mu gupima. Bigizwe n'umubare munini w'uduce duto dufunguye, buri kimwe gifite umurambararo wa mikoroni 100, kirimo ibintu by'umukara bifite ibara ry'amazi n'uduce ibihumbi bya titanium dioxide yera. Iyo amashanyarazi ashyizwe ku gikoresho gikoreshwa mu gupima, uduce twa titanium dioxide twimukira kuri imwe muri electrodes bitewe n'uko amashanyarazi ahagaze. Ibi bituma pixel itanga urumuri cyangwa itarutanga. Kubera ko ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gupima, bigumana amakuru mu gihe cy'amezi menshi. Kubera ko imikorere yabyo igenzurwa n'amashanyarazi, ingano yabyo ishobora guhinduka hakoreshejwe ingufu nke cyane.
icyuma gipima urumuri rw'umuriro
Umuvumbuzi w'amafoto y'urumuri FPD (Umuvumbuzi w'amafoto y'urumuri, mu magambo ahinnye ya FPD)
1. Ihame rya FPD
Ihame rya FPD rishingiye ku gutwika kw'icyitegererezo mu muriro ukungahaye kuri hydrogen, bityo ibintu birimo sulfur na fosifore bigabanutse na hydrogen nyuma yo gutwika, kandi imiterere y'ibyishimo ya S2* (imiterere y'ibyishimo ya S2) na HPO* (imiterere y'ibyishimo ya HPO) irakorwa. Ibintu bibiri by'ibyishimo bitanga urumuri rwa spectra hafi 400nm na 550nm iyo bigarutse ku butaka. Ubukana bw'iyi spectrum bupimwa hakoreshejwe umuyoboro wa fotomultiplier, kandi ubukana bw'urumuri bungana n'umuvuduko w'amazi y'icyitegererezo. FPD ni icyuma gipima cyane kandi gitoranya, gikoreshwa cyane mu gusesengura ibintu bya sulfur na fosifore.
2. Imiterere ya FPD
FPD ni imiterere ihuza FID na fotometero. Yatangiye ari FPD ifite urumuri rumwe. Nyuma ya 1978, kugira ngo hakorwe amakosa ya FPD ifite urumuri rumwe, hakozwe FPD ifite urumuri rubiri. Ifite umuriro utandukanye wa hydrogen, umuriro wo hasi uhindura molekile z’icyitegererezo mo ibikoresho byo gutwika birimo molekile zoroshye nka S2 na HPO; umuriro wo hejuru utanga ibice by’umuriro ushyushye nka S2* na HPO*, hari idirishya rireba umuriro wo hejuru, kandi ubukana bwa chemiluminescence bugaragazwa n’umuyoboro wa fotometero. Idirishya rikozwe mu kirahure gikomeye, kandi umutwe w’umuriro ukozwe mu cyuma kitagira umugese.
3. Imikorere ya FPD
FPD ni igikoresho gipima neza ibintu birimo sulfur na fosifore. Umuriro wayo ni umuriro ukungahaye kuri hydrogen, kandi umwuka utangwa uhagije gusa kugira ngo uhuze na 70% bya hydrogen, bityo ubushyuhe bw'umuriro ni buke kugira ngo habeho sulfur na fosifore. Ibice by'imyuka. Umuvuduko w'umwuka utwara, hydrogen n'umwuka bigira ingaruka zikomeye kuri FPD, bityo kugenzura ubwiyongere bw'umwuka bigomba kuba bihamye cyane. Ubushyuhe bw'umuriro bwo kumenya ibintu birimo sulfure bugomba kuba hafi 390 °C, bishobora gutanga S2 * ishyushye; kugira ngo hamenyekane ibintu birimo phosphorus, igipimo cya hydrogen na ogisijeni kigomba kuba hagati ya 2 na 5, kandi igipimo cya hydrogen-to-oxygen kigomba guhinduka hakurikijwe ingero zitandukanye. Imyuka itwara n'umwuka wo kwisiga nabyo bigomba guhindurwa neza kugira ngo haboneke igipimo cyiza cy'urusaku hagati y'ibimenyetso.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-18-2022