Hari urwenya rugaragara mu gukora ibintu neza: buri wese ashaka kuvuga ku cyuma gipima icyuma cya laser n'imashini ipima icyuma. Nta muntu ushaka kuvuga ku cyuma kiri munsi yacyo.
Ariko abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi n'abahanga mu by'ubuhanga bamaze igihe kinini muri uru rwego bazi ukuri. Ishingiro ni ryo shingiro. Kandi niba ishingiro ritemba, nta bikoresho bihenze byo gupima biri hejuru yaryo bizaguha imibare ushobora kwizera.
Iyi nkuru ivuga ku masahani y’icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma - cyane cyane icyatuma umuntu akomera bihagije kugira ngo ashobore kwihanganira ibintu mu buryo buboneye mu nganda nyazo, n’icyahindura ishoramari rya $3,000 mu kibazo cya $30,000 nyuma y’imyaka itanu.
Impamvu icyuma gishongeshejwe kikiganza mu mikorere nyayo
Buri myaka mike, umuntu ukora muri urwo rwego asohora inkuru ivuga uburyo granite isimbura icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bunonosoye. Kandi buri myaka mike, abahanga mu by'ubukanishi b'inararibonye basoma izo nyandiko, bagafata umutwe mu kinyabupfura, kandi bagakomeza gukoresha ibyuma byabo.
Impamvu si ukudakomera, ahubwo ni fiziki n'imikorere.
Icyuma gishongeshejwe gifite ubushobozi bwihariye bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe kurusha granite. Iyo ibikorwa bikomeye byo gukata biri gukorwa hafi aho - gusya, gusya, EDM - ingufu zo guhindagurika zishobora kugaragaza ubuso bukomeye bwa granite no kwanduza ibipimo biri hafi aho zinjira mu miterere y'icyuma gishongeshejwe. Si ubumaji. Ni uduce twa graphite turi mu gice cy'icyuma gishongeshejwe dukora neza neza icyo byagenewe gukora.
Iyi miterere yo kugabanya ubukana bw'ibipimo irakomeye cyane mu mikorere y'ibipimo kurusha mu ma laboratwari agenzurwa n'ikirere. Kandi mu mikorere y'ibipimo niho ibikorwa byinshi byo ku isi bikorerwa mu buryo bunonosoye.
Ibyuma bishongeshejwe nabyo bishobora gusanwa mu buryo granite idasanwa. Iyo icyuma gishongeshejwe cyangiritse mu buryo butangana, cyangwa kikangirika mu buryo busanzwe, umuhanga mu by'ubwubatsi ashobora kugisubiza inyuma - akagisubiza ku bipimo bya Grade 00 adasimbuye icyuma cyose. Ibi byongera igihe cyo gukora icyuma gishongeshejwe neza kugeza ku myaka 30, 40, ndetse na 50. Gerageza kubikura mu gisate cya granite cyaguye.
Umukino w'Amanota: Icyo Imibare Isobanura Mu by'ukuri
Iyo umucuruzi agutanzeho ikarita y'icyuma gishongeshejwe, hafi ya buri gihe agena ikarita - ubusanzwe ikarita y'icyiciro cya 00, ikarita y'icyiciro cya 0, ikarita ya 1, cyangwa ikarita ya 2. Aya makarita agenwa mu bipimo nka DIN 876, ASME GGGP-463C, ISO 8512, n'ibindi. Gusobanukirwa icyo basobanura mu bikorwa ni ingenzi kugira ngo ugure ikarita ikwiye.
Icyiciro gisobanura ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubugari bw'ibipimo - uburyo ntarengwa bwo gutandukana n'ikigereranyo cyemewe mu buryo buboneye mu buso bwose bwo gupima.
Kuri DIN 876, uburyo bwo kwihanganira ibintu bumeze gutya:
Icyiciro cya 00: hafi mikoroni 2.3 zirenga mm 1.000. Icyiciro cya 0: hafi mikoroni 4.6. Icyiciro cya 1: hafi mikoroni 9.2. Icyiciro cya 2: hafi mikoroni 18.5.
Intambwe yose yo kumanuka mu cyiciro ikuba kabiri ikosa ryemewe. Ku porogaramu zisaba ubuziranenge bwa mikoroni, ibi ni ingenzi cyane. Isahani yemerera mikoroni 18.5 zo kunyura mu buryo burambuye — Icyiciro cya 2 — ikoresha hafi igice cyose cy’ubushobozi bwawe bwo kwihanganira mbere yuko utangira gupima.
Ubushakashatsi bwinshi mu nganda bugaragaza Icyiciro cya 0 cyangwa Icya 1. Icyiciro cya 00 gigenewe laboratwari z’ibipimo, igenzura rya nyuma ry’indege, n’ikoreshwa aho ingengo y’imari yo gupima idasobanutse neza iba ari nto. Itandukaniro ry’ibiciro hagati y’amanota rigaragaza igihe cy’inyongera n’ubuhanga bukenewe mu gihe cyo gukora, ntabwo ari itandukaniro ryo kwamamaza gusa.
Ni iki mu by'ukuri kigena igihe isahani y'icyuma imara
Ibyuma byo hejuru ntibipfa bitewe n'uko bisaza. Bipfa bitewe n'uko bikoreshwa kandi bigafatwa neza. Dore icyo urupapuro rw'igenzura rutakubwira:
Ubushuhe ni bwo bwica bucece.Ibyuma bishongeshejwe bifite imyenge. Nubwo byashyirwamo amavuta neza, bikura umwuka w’amazi uva mu mwuka utose uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ibi bitera impinduka ntoya mu ngero zigaragara nk'igihombo gikomeye cy'ubugari - ntabwo ari ikintu gikomeye cyane ku buryo umuntu yakibona mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha buri munsi, ahubwo ni ikintu gihagije cyo kunyura hanze nta nteguza. Amasahani yo ku nkombe z'inyanja, mu turere dushyuha, cyangwa mu bubiko budafite imiterere y'ubutaka ni yo ashobora kwangirika cyane. Umuti ntabwo ugoye: gusiga amavuta buri gihe, kubika neza, no kugenzura ubugari buri gihe. Ariko nanone bikunze kwirengagizwa.
Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe ritera stress.Isahani iri hafi y'igikoresho cy'imashini, aho gupakira ibikoresho, cyangwa idirishya izagira impinduka mu bushyuhe umunsi wose. Ibyuma bishongeshejwe birakura kandi bigahuza n'ubushyuhe, kandi ubushyuhe budahuje - bukunze kugaragara mu nganda - butera stress zitandukanye kuri iyo sahani. Uko imyaka igenda ihita, ibi bigira uruhare mu kwangirika buhoro buhoro kw'ubushyuhe. Uburyo bufatika bwo kuyitunganya: shyira isahani yawe kure y'ubushyuhe butaziguye n'ubushyuhe, kandi uyireke ihore imeze neza mbere yo gupima ibintu by'ingenzi.
Kwangirika kw'aho hantu bitewe no gukoraho kenshi.Niba abakoresha bawe bashyizeho ibikoresho byo gutwara ibikoresho mu mwanya umwe ku isahani, bazashyiraho uburyo bwo kwambara mu mwanya umwe. Ibi bikunze kugaragara cyane ku masahani mato akoreshwa kenshi mu buryo bumwe. Guhinduranya aho isahani iherereye buri gihe, no gukoresha ibikoresho bikwiye bikwirakwiza imizigo neza, byongera igihe cyo kuyikoresha cyane.
Kwangirika kw'ingaruka.Agace k'igipimo cyaguye, ahantu hatagerwa neza n'ikimenyetso gikomeye cy'aho icyuma gihagarara - ibi bitera uduce duto n'ibimenyetso by'imashini biba amakosa ahoraho. Kwangirika kw'ingaruka ku cyuma gishongeshejwe birasanwa, ariko gusana bisaba amafaranga kandi bifata igihe. Kwirinda bihendutse ugereranije.
Ubwiza bw'inganda butandukanya isahani y'imyaka 20 n'iy'imyaka 5
Amasahani yose y'icyuma gishongeshejwe akorwa kimwe. Imiterere y'ibikoresho fatizo, uburyo bishongeshwamo, uburyo bishyuha, ndetse no gukurura burundu byose bigira uruhare mu mikorere irambye.
Ubwiza bw'ibikoresho fatizo ni ingenzi cyane kurusha uko abaguzi benshi babibona.Imiterere ya grafiti mu cyuma gishongeshejwe - ari na byo bituma icyuma gishongeshwa - biterwa n'imiterere y'icyuma n'imiterere yacyo. Imashini zishongeshejwe zifite graphite ikwirakwira cyane kandi idahuye zikunze kugira imiterere idahindagurika kurusha izifite graphite nto kandi ikwirakwira neza. Uruganda rugenzura uburyo bwo gushongesha no gushakisha ibikoresho rukora amasahani ahoraho kurusha ugura ibikoresho bishongeshejwe mu ruganda rukora ibikoresho.
Uburyo bwo kuvura ubushyuhe n'uburyo bwo gusaza ari ingenzi.Ibyuma bicukurwa mu cyuma bifite stress imbere mu gihe cyo gukonjesha. Iyo hatabayeho uburyo bukwiye bwo kugabanya stress, isahani izakomeza guhinduka mu buryo bw'ibipimo mu mezi cyangwa imyaka nyuma yo gucukurwa. Inganda zikora ibikoresho by'agaciro zishaje ibyuma byazo - haba mu bubiko busanzwe cyangwa mu gihe cyihuse cyo gushyushya - mbere yuko hatangira gukoreshwa imashini. Ibi bikuraho stress ikabije mbere yuko isahani igera ku rwego rwo gukurura.
Uburyo bwo gukata ni bwo butuma ubumenyi nyakuri bubaho.Gukata icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu nkoni kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu buryo bwa 00 bisaba umunyabukorikori ushobora gusoma ibikoresho - kumva ingano y'ibikoresho biri gukurwaho, kumenya igihe ubuso burimo guhurira ku ntego, no guhindura ubuhanga bwe mu gihe nyacyo hashingiwe ku bitekerezo by'umuntu. Ubu buhanga bufata imyaka myinshi kugira ngo butezwe imbere. Uruganda rufite abanyabukorikori bafite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga 25 rukora amasahani afite imiterere myiza y'inkombe, imiterere y'ubuso ihamye, kandi agumana ubugari bw'igihe kirekire kurusha urundi rufite abakozi benshi kandi rufite uburambe buke mu gukora.
Ibyemezo byo Gushaka Isoko: Ibibazo Ukwiye Kubaza Mbere Yo Kugura
Abaguzi batwikirwa n'ibyuma bikozwe mu cyuma gishongeshejwe ni bo bafashe icyemezo ku giciro n'inyandiko zigaragaza igiciro gusa. Dore ibibazo by'ingenzi:
Ni iyihe miterere y'ibikoresho bya plate n'uburyo bwo kuyicukura? Umutanga serivisi udashobora gusubiza iki kibazo mu buryo bwihariye ntabwo aba agenzura uburyo bwo kuyikora ku rwego ukeneye.
Ese gucukura byagabanutse stress mbere yo gukora imashini? Niba igisubizo ari oya cyangwa kitari cyumvikana neza, isahani ugura ishobora kuba ikiri kuruhuka mu buryo burambuye - bivuze ko imiterere yayo ikomeje guhinduka kuko iri ku iduka ryawe.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kwihanganira ubugari bw'ibicuruzwa byawe, si urugero rw'ibanze gusa? Bamwe mu bakora ibikoresho bashyira plaque zabo zo mu rwego rwa 00 kuri mikoro ± 1 hejuru ya mm 1, ntabwo ari urugero rw'ibanze rwa mikoro 2.3. Abandi ntibakora cyane cyane.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo gusya ukoresha - gusya hakoreshejwe intoki, semi-automatike, cyangwa gusya byuzuye bya CNC? Hari uburyo bwemewe kuri buri bumwe. Ariko niba umucuruzi avuga ko gusya hakoreshejwe CNC bigira ireme nk'iryo gukoresha mu gusya hakoreshejwe intoki mu cyiciro cya 00, saba amakuru y'umusaruro.
Ese nshobora kubona icyemezo cyo gupima gifite ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana neza ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibipimo? Si icyemezo cyo mu kigo gusa - gikurikiranwa n’uruhererekane rwemewe rw’ibipimo rugana muri laboratwari y’igihugu.
Igihe cyawe cyo gukora ku bipimo bisanzwe n'ibitari bisanzwe ni ikihe? Kandi se ufite ububiko bw'ibipimo bisanzwe?
Ni iyihe politiki yawe yo gusubiza ibicuruzwa cyangwa garanti niba plaque igeze aho itameze neza cyangwa ikagira ibibazo mu ntangiriro z'akazi?
Guhitamo neza ibidukikije byawe
Isahani y'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikora neza muri laboratwari igenzura ubushyuhe ishobora kuba atari yo mahitamo meza ku gice cy'umusaruro gikorerwamo. Dore imiterere y'ibanze:
Ku bijyanye na laboratwari z’ibipimo n’ibyumba byo kugenzura bifite uburyo bwo kugenzura ikirere:Garagaza icyiciro cya 00, uburyo bwo gukata bugabanya stress, uburyo bwo gukurikirana neza ibintu byose. Ikiguzi cy'inyongera gishingiye ku bisabwa neza n'ibidukikije bigenzurwa.
Ku bijyanye n'ahantu ho gukora imashini zifite umuvuduko n'impinduka mu bushyuhe:Isahani y'icyiciro cya 0 iri ku nkunga ikwiye yo kuzunguruka ishobora kurusha isahani y'icyiciro cya 0 iri ku nkunga mbi. Isahani ikwiye ku bidukikije ni ingenzi cyane kuruta isahani yo hejuru ihari.
Ku bidukikije bibi — ibikoresho byo hanze, ikirere gishyushye, ububiko budafite ibyuma bitanga umusaruro:Tekereza ku ibara rya granite kuruta icyuma gishongeshejwe kugira ngo umenye akamaro ko kwirinda ubushuhe. Cyangwa shyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza akomeye yo kubungabunga icyuma gishongeshejwe - gusiga amavuta buri munsi, kugenzura buri gihe ko kidasa neza, no kubika ibintu mu bubiko igihe bidakoreshwa.
Ku bijyanye n'ibigo by'uburezi n'amahugurwa:Amasahani yo mu cyiciro cya 1 cyangwa icya 2 akwiriye kwigisha ubuhanga bw'ibanze bwo gupima. Kuzigama amafaranga hano birasobanutse - ibisabwa mu buryo bunonosoye ntabwo byemeza ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho byo mu cyiciro cya 00.
Ingeso imwe yo kubungabunga izagufasha kuzigama amafaranga menshi
Niba hari ikintu kimwe gusa ukora gitandukanye nyuma yo gusoma iyi nkuru, kora ibi bikurikira: komeza ushyireho amavuta ku isahani yawe y'icyuma gishongeshejwe.
Ntabwo ari rimwe na rimwe. Ntabwo ari igihe wibuka. Buri gihe.
Amavuta yoroheje ya mashini - amavuta amwe wakoresha mu buryo bwa lathe cyangwa mu mashini isya - akoreshwa n'igitambaro kidafite lint buri munsi cyangwa ibiri bigabanya ubushuhe. Bifata amasegonda 30. Nta giciro gihagije. Kandi ni cyo gikorwa cyo kubungabunga icyuma cy'icyuma gishobora kumara igihe kirekire.
Ibindi byose - kugenzura buri gihe uko ibintu biri, kubika neza, kwirinda kwangirika kw'ibintu - ni ingenzi. Ariko isahani ifunze neza kandi ibitswe neza izamara imyaka myinshi irenga isahani yirengagijwe.
Ibyo si ikigereranyo. Ni isuku nziza gusa - kandi ni ishingiro ry'ukwizerana hagati y'igikoresho gitunganye n'abantu bagishingiraho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-26-2026