Gusesengura Ibipimo ngenderwaho by'Isi: DIN, JIS, ASME, GB na BS mu bikorwa

Umuntu wese wabonye ibikoresho byo gupima neza ku rwego mpuzamahanga yahuye n'ikibazo kimwe: umusaruro umwe ushobora gusobanurwa ukurikije amahame atanu atandukanye y'igihugu, buri kimwe gifite uburyo bwacyo bwo gupima, imbonerahamwe yo kwihanganira, n'amagambo akoreshwa. Gusobanukirwa icyo aya mahame asobanura mu by'ukuri - aho kuyafata nk'ibimenyetso byemewe bishobora guhindurwa - ni ingenzi ku muntu wese uguze cyangwa ugakora ibikoresho byo gupima hejuru, ibyuma bigororotse, cyangwa granite.

Amahame Ngenderwaho mu Incamake

DIN (Ubudage) — DIN 876 ikubiyemo ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ububabare bw'umubiri ku bantuibisate byo hejurumu byiciro bitatu (00, 0, na 1), naho Icyiciro cya 00 cyagenewe gukoreshwa muri laboratwari. DIN 875 ikoresha imirongo igororotse, naho DIN 650 ikoresha V-blocks. Amabwiriza y’Abadage akoreshwa cyane nk'ahantu ho kwibandaho mu Burayi no muri Aziya kubera imbonerahamwe zayo zirambuye zijyanye n’ingano y’amasahani.

ASME/GGGP (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika) — Ikigo cy’Amerika cyakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ryagendeye ku mateka ku bipimo bya leta, GGG-P-463c, nyuma bishyirwa mu bipimo ngenderwaho bya ASME B89, bishyira mu byiciro plaque z’ubuso hakurikijwe Laboratwari, Igenzura, n’ibipimo by’ibikoresho hashingiwe ku gutandukana kw’ubugari kuri buri gice.

JIS (Ubuyapani) — Amabwiriza y’inganda yo mu Buyapani agaragaza igice kinini cy’imiterere ya DIN ariko akoresha amazina yayo bwite n’ibihe byo gupima, bikunze kuvugwa n’ibikoresho byoherezwa mu mahanga bivuye mu nganda z’ibikoresho by’imashini zikora neza mu Buyapani.

GB (Ubushinwa) — Amabwiriza y’igihugu y’Ubushinwa ku byerekeye amasahani y’ubuso bwa granite n’ibikoresho byo gupima yahujwe cyane n’uburyo bwa ISO na DIN mu myaka makumyabiri ishize, bigaragaza iterambere ry’ibanze ry’inganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu gihugu mu buryo bunoze.

BS 817 (Ubwongereza) na GOST 10905 (Uburusiya) — Byombi bisobanura ibisabwa ku buryo bwo kugorora no kurangiza ubuso, aho BS 817 yavuzwe mu mateka mu masoko ya Commonwealth naho GOST iracyavugwa mu masoko y’inganda zo mu Burusiya no muri CIS.

Impamvu itandukaniro riri ingenzi mu bikorwa

Ikibazo gifatika si uko igipimo kimwe "kiruta" ikindi - ni uko amanota yo kwihanganira adahinduka buri gihe. Isahani yo mu cyiciro cya 0 munsi ya DIN 876 n'isahani yo mu cyiciro cya Laboratwari munsi ya ASME B89 bisa mu buryo bw'imitekerereze ariko bigapimwa hakurikijwe uburyo butandukanye n'imiterere y'ibidukikije (ubusanzwe ubushyuhe bwa 20°C, nubwo kwihanganira guhindagurika gutandukanye). Abaguzi bafata ko bingana batabanje gusuzuma raporo y'ikizamini nyacyo bashobora kubona ibikoresho byujuje ikirango cy'ibipimo by'amahanga ariko ntibibe ibyo bakeneye mu by'ukuri.

Gukurikirana ni cyo kibazo nyacyo

Uretse ibipimo ngenderwaho byanditswe ku cyemezo, ikibazo cy'ingenzi kurushaho ni ugukurikirana: ese gupima bishobora gukurikiranwa binyuze mu kigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ibipimo? Inganda zizwi zigenzura ibikoresho byazo byo gupima - ibipimo by'ibipimo, interferometero za laser, urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga - ukurikije ibyemezo bitangwa n'ibigo byemewe (mu Bushinwa, ubusanzwe ibigo by'imijyi n'intara, hamwe n'inzira isubira mu Kigo cy'Igihugu gishinzwe Ibipimo). Iyo hatabayeho urwo ruhererekane, kashe ya "Grade 0" iba yizewe gusa nk'uko laboratwari yayitanze yabitanze.

Ku bahanga bagaragaza ibikoresho byo gupima bya granite cyangwa ibikoresho byo gupima ku batanga ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga, icyo umuntu yakwigiraho ni uko: babaza uburyo bwo gupima bwakoreshejwe, basaba amakuru nyayo yo gupima aho gusaba icyapa cy’icyitegererezo gusa, kandi bemeze ko ibikoresho byo gupima ubwabyo bifite icyemezo cyo kubikurikirana. Abakora ibikoresho bahugura abakozi ku bipimo bitandukanye by’igihugu - DIN, ASME, JIS, GB, BS, na GOST kimwe - muri rusange baba bafite umwanya mwiza wo gukora ibintu bigumana ubuziranenge bw’umukiriya.