Mu rwego rwo gupima neza, granite straightedge, nk'igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo kwemeza ko ibikoresho n'ibipimo ari ukuri, urwego rwayo rwo kugorora rugira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bwizerwe bw'ibipimo. Icyemezo cy'Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ubuziranenge n'Ikoranabuhanga (NIST) cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ni igipimo cyemewe ku isi hose ku bikoresho bipima neza, kandi kugorora ku rwego rwa AA ni kimwe mu bipimo bifite ibisabwa cyane ku buziranenge. Nk'ikirango gikomeye mu nganda, ZHHIMG, ifite ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n'ubukorikori bukomeye, ifasha abakoresha kugera ku ntego za NIST zo gupima neza no kugorora ku rwego rwa AA ku bakoresha granite. Ibi bikurikira bizaguha isesengura rirambuye ry'ingingo z'ingenzi zo gupima n'inzira zo gushyira mu bikorwa.
1. Sobanukirwa icyemezo cya NIST n'ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ubugari ku rwego rwa AA
Icyemezo cya NIST kizwiho uburyo bwo gupima no gusuzuma ibintu mu buryo buhamye, intego yacyo nyamukuru ikaba ari ukugenzura ko ibikoresho bipima byujuje ibisabwa ku isi mu bijyanye no gutunganya neza. Mu rwego rwo gutunganya neza imigozi ya granite, ibisabwa ku buryo bwo gutunganya neza imigozi ya AA birakomeye cyane. Muri rusange, biteganywa ko ikosa ry’imiterere y’imigozi muri buri metero rigomba kugenzurwa muri ± 0.5μm. Iri hame ritanga ibisabwa byinshi ku miterere y’ibikoresho, ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya no gupima imigozi ya granite. Imigozi ya granite yo ku rwego rwa AA yemejwe na NIST si garanti yizewe yo gupima neza gusa, ahubwo ni ikimenyetso gikomeye cy’imbaraga za tekiniki n’ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa by’ikigo.
Ii. Ishingiro ry'Ubuziranenge rya ZHHIMG granite straightedge
Ibuye rya ZHHIMG ryashyizeho urufatiro rwiza cyane kuva mu cyiciro cyo guhitamo ibikoresho. Ibuye ryatoranyijwe ry’umwimerere ryiza, rifite ubutare bwinshi bw’imbere n’imiterere imwe, rifite ubushobozi bwo kwaguka kw’ubushyuhe buri hagati ya 5-7 × 10⁻⁶/℃, kandi rifite ubushobozi bwo kudahinduka no kurwanya ubushyuhe, ritanga inyungu ifatika yo kugera ku rwego rwa AA. Mu cyiciro cyo gutunganya, ZHHIMG ikoresha ubuhanga buhanitse nko gusya no gusiga irangi rya CNC, hamwe n’ibikoresho byo kumenya neza nka laser interferometers kugira ngo igenzurwe mu gihe nyacyo, kugira ngo ubuso bw’ibuye rigenga bugere ku buziranenge buhanitse cyane mu gihe cyo gutunganya, bigatuma habaho imiterere myiza yo gukora igenzura nyuma.
Iii. Imyiteguro Mbere yo Gutunganya
Mbere yo gukora isuzuma rya NIST, ni ngombwa kumenya neza ko icyerekezo cy’inyuma kiri mu mimerere myiza. Mbere na mbere, ubuso bw’icyerekezo cy’inyuma bugomba gusukurwa cyane. Koresha igitambaro kidafite irangi n’icyuma cyihariye cyo gusukura kugira ngo ukureho ibizinga by’amavuta, umukungugu n’indi myanda ku buso kugira ngo wirinde ko imyanda yangiza imiterere y’icyerekezo. Icya kabiri, shyira icyerekezo ahantu hari ubushyuhe n’ubukonje bidahinduka mu gihe kirenze amasaha 24 kugira ngo kibe cyakwihuza neza n’ubushyuhe n’ubukonje bw’ibidukikije, ukureho uduce duto dushobora guterwa n’impinduka mu bidukikije. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byo gupima neza cyane nka laser interferometers n’urwego rw’ikoranabuhanga bigomba gutegurwa. Ubuziranenge bw’ibi bikoresho bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku buziranenge bw’ibisubizo byo gupima.
Iv. Uburyo bwo gupima no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi
Gupima neza: Koresha urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo upime bwa mbere iburyo. Kusanya aho gupimira mu ntera zimwe na zimwe (nk'urugero rwa mm 100) kugira ngo ubone amakuru y'imiterere y'ubuso bw'ibumoso. Hashingiwe ku bisubizo byapimwe, ubuso bw'ibumoso bwakozwe mu buryo bwa mashini isya ya CNC kugira ngo ukureho ahantu hagaragara ho hejuru, bituma uburebure bwabwo bugera ku bipimo bya AA.
Gupima neza: Gupima neza cyane bikorwa hakoreshejwe interferometer ya laser, ishobora kumenya neza impinduka z'uburebure ku buso bw'umugozi woroshye ku rwego rwa mikorometero. Hashingiwe ku makuru yatanzwe na interferometer, ubuso bw'umugozi woroshye bwasibwe neza hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusya bwakoreshejwe intoki na CNC machining. Mu gihe cyo gusya, igitutu n'icyerekezo byo gusya bigomba guhindurwa buri gihe kugira ngo ikosa ryoroshye riveho buhoro buhoro, kugira ngo ubuso bworoshye bw'umugozi woroshye bushobore kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Gusuzuma no gutunganya inshuro nyinshi: Nyuma yo kurangiza gusuzuma neza, koresha interferometer ya laser n'urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo wongere ugenzure neza icyerekezo cy'umurongo wo ku ruhande kugira ngo urebe neza ko ikosa ry'ubugari bwa buri gice cyo gupima riri mu rugero rwa AA. Iyo habonetse amakosa mato mu gace utuyemo, gutunganya neza bigomba gukorwa kugeza igihe ubugari bwa icyerekezo cy'umurongo wo ku ruhande buhuye neza n'ibisabwa ku rwego rwa AA nk'uko byemejwe na NIST.
V. Gusaba no gusuzuma icyemezo cya NIST
Nyuma yo kurangiza gupima no kwemeza ko straightedge yageze ku rwego rwa AA, ushobora kohereza icyifuzo cyo kwemeza muri NIST. Mu gihe cyo gusaba, hagomba gutangwa ibipimo birambuye bya tekiniki by'umugozi wo kugorora, ibisobanuro by'ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya, inyandiko zo gupima n'ibindi bikoresho. NIST izohereza abagenzuzi b'inzobere kugira ngo bakore igenzura n'isuzuma ry'umugozi wo kugorora aho hantu. Isuzuma rizakubiyemo ibintu byinshi nko kugorora, kudahinduka k'ubushyuhe, no kudashira kw'umugozi wo kugorora. Umugozi wo kugorora wa granite gusa watsinze isuzuma rikomeye niwe ushobora kubona icyemezo cya NIST no kuba umusaruro w'ingenzi mu bijyanye no gupima neza.
Mu gukurikiza amabwiriza yavuzwe haruguru yo gupima imiterere y’ibishushanyo mbonera bya ZHHIMG granite, ibigo n’ibigo by’ubushakashatsi bishobora kugera ku cyemezo cya NIST n’intego zo ku rwego rwa AA mu buryo bunoze. Haba mu nganda zifite ibisabwa cyane mu buryo bunoze nko mu nganda zikora imashini, mu kirere, cyangwa mu byuma by’ikoranabuhanga, imiterere y’ibishushanyo mbonera bya ZHHIMG granite yemejwe na NIST izaba umufatanyabikorwa wizewe mu kwemeza ko ibipimo ari ukuri n’ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa, bigafasha ibigo gukomeza kunyura mu rwego rwo gupima neza no kwerekeza ku hazaza h’ubuziranenge bwo hejuru.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-13-2025