Kwaguka k'ubushyuhe: Ikintu cy'ingenzi ku gupima neza ishingiro rya granite

Buri kintu cyose gikwirakwira bitewe n'ubushyuhe. Ikibazo cy'ingenzi mu by'ukuri kuriishingiro ryo gupimaSi ukumenya niba byaguka — byose biragenda — ahubwo ni ukumenya uko byagenda mu buryo buteganyijwe, ni bike, kandi ni ko byagenda mu buryo bungana. Iryo jambo rya nyuma, ku buryo bungana, ni ryo abaguzi bakunda kwirengagiza, kandi akenshi ni ryo ritera ibibazo byinshi mu iduka.

Granite igenwa kuibipimo by'ubuziranengeahanini kubera ko igipimo cyayo cyo kwaguka k'ubushyuhe (CTE) kiri hasi ugereranije n'icyuma cyangwa icyuma gishongeshejwe - ubusanzwe kiri hagati ya 5 na 8 x 10⁻⁶ kuri °C kuri granite nziza, naho hafi 11 na 13 x 10⁻⁶ kuri °C ku cyuma. Ku mpapuro, ibyo bisa n'intsinzi yoroshye. Mu by'ukuri, umubare uri ku rupapuro rw'amakuru uvuga igice cy'inkuru gusa, kandi injeniyeri zakurikiranye uburyo bwo gupima amayobera zisubira aho zaturutse akenshi zirangiza zimenye ibindi mu buryo bugoye.

Impamvu Nimero ya CTE atari yo ishusho yose

Igitereko cya granite gifite CTE nto kandi ingana ikora mu buryo buteganywa n'amategeko: gikura cyangwa kikagabanuka ku rugero ruto ruzwi uko ubushyuhe buhinduka, kandi iryo hinduka rishobora kwishyurwa muri porogaramu iyo ubushyuhe bukurikiranwe. Ibibazo bitangira iyo kwaguka kutujuje ibisabwa mu gice cyose.

Granite ni ubwoko karemano bwa quartz, feldspar, na mica, kandi igipimo nyacyo cy’amabuye y’agaciro gitandukana bitewe n’amabuye ndetse no bitewe n’igice. Igisate gifite imiterere idahuye y’ibinyampeke gishobora kwaguka mu buryo butandukanye uvuye mu gace kamwe ujya mu kandi bitewe n’impinduka imwe y’ubushyuhe, bigatera ihindagurika rito ariko nyaryo ikigereranyo kimwe cya CTE kitazavuga. Iyi ni imwe mu mpamvu imiterere y’ibikoresho ijyanye n’ubwiza bw’ibikoresho - uruganda rukura amabuye mu gice kimwe cy’amabuye n’igice cy’amabuye rukunda gukora ibintu byinshi bishobora gutekerezwaho mu buryo bushyuha kuruta isoko rimwe riturutse ku isoko iryo ari ryo ryose rihendutse muri icyo gihembwe.

Ubushyuhe budahuje burushaho kwiyongera. Igitereko cya granite kiri hafi y'idirishya, munsi y'urumuri rw'uruhande rumwe, cyangwa hafi y'igikoresho cy'imashini gitanga ubushyuhe, nticyaguka nk'igice kimwe cy'ingenzi - ariko kigenda gifatana gato, kigana ku ruhande rukonje. Ku nganda nyinshi, ubu buryo bwo guhindagurika ntabwo ari ingenzi. Ku kazi ka sub-micron metrology - CMMs, sisitemu zo gupima laser, platforms zo kugenzura semiconductor - bishobora kuba bihagije kugira ngo bihindure ubushobozi bwo gusoma hanze, kandi biragoye cyane kubisuzuma kuko igitereko kiracyagaragara nk'aho "gisa" n'aho kiri imbere y'amaso ndetse no ku isuzuma ryihuse.

Ibi bivuze iki mu gihe cy'ubuvuzi nyakuri bwa Laboratwari?

Ibipimo byinshi byo gupima, harimo n'ibipimo bya ISO na ASME byo kugenzura plaque y'ubuso, bivuga ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 20 kubera iyi mpamvu - atari ukubera ko dogere selisiyusi 20 ari umwihariko, ahubwo ni ukubera ko biha buri wese ishingiro ryo kugereranya. Plaque yemejwe kuri dogere selisiyusi 20 kandi ikoreshwa mu iduka rikoresha dogere selisiyusi 28, nta gukosora, ntabwo ari ngombwa ko ikoreshwa, ariko umukozi apima ubushyuhe mu buryo butagaragara niba ubushyuhe butabariwe ahantu runaka muri icyo gikorwa.

Imyitozo mike igabanya buri gihe amakosa y'ubushyuhe mu murima:

• Reka ibice bya granite bimere mu buryo busanzwe mu gihe cy'amasaha menshi - rimwe na rimwe nijoro kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu buryo bunini - mbere yo gupima ibintu by'ingenzi, kuko igice cy'imbere cy'isahani nini kigenda buhoro kurusha uko ubuso bwacyo bubivuga.
• Komeza gupima ibirindiro kure y'izuba ryinshi, imiyoboro ya HVAC, n'ibikoresho bitanga ubushyuhe, kabone n'iyo ubushyuhe bw'icyumba bwaba bungana neza na thermostat yo ku rukuta.
• Andika ubushyuhe bw'ikirere hamwe n'amakuru yo gupima kugira ngo ubone akazi gakozwe neza cyane, aho gutekereza ko "icyumba gicungwa n'ikirere" gihuzwa n'ubushyuhe bwose.
• Gutanga granite ku bahanga bashobora kuvuga by'umwihariko ku buryo ibinyampeke bihinduka kandi bagashaka aho bacukura amabuye y'agaciro, ntabwo ari ishusho rusange ya CTE yakuwe mu gitabo cy'amabwiriza y'ibikoresho.

Icyitonderwa cy'ingirakamaro cyavuye mu isanduku yo gusya

Kubera iyi mpamvu, dufite ibyumba byacu bigenzurwa n’ubushyuhe n’ubukonje - atari ukubera ko biruhura cyane cyane, ahubwo ni ukubera ko gusya no gusuzuma bwa nyuma bikorerwa ku bushyuhe busanzwe, buzwi, bitanga ibice bifite ubugari bwemewe bugumaho iyo bavuye mu nyubako. Abakiriya bubaka ibyuma bigenzura ibikoresho bya semiconductor cyangwa inyubako za CMM, inshuro zirenze imwe, badusabye kwandika ubushyuhe bw’ikirere mu gihe cyo gupima bwa nyuma no kubushyira hamwe n’icyemezo cy’ubugari, kugira ngo itsinda ryabo ry’ibipimo rigire aho rishingira inyandiko rizakora nyuma.

Kwaguka k'ubushyuhe muri granite si inenge igomba guhindurwa burundu - ni imiterere ifatika igomba gucungwa, kimwe n'uko guhinda cyangwa ubushuhe bigomba gucungwa. Abakora n'abakora muri laboratwari bayifata nk'ikintu kizwi, aho kuyifata nk'ikintu cya nyuma iyo igipimo gisa n'aho kitari cyo, bakunda kumara igihe gito cyane bakurikirana amakosa atari asanzwe avugwa muri icyo gikoresho.