Akamaro ko guhitamo ishingiro rya granite mu imeza yo gupima wafer ya semiconductor.

Ese?
Mu nganda za semiconductor, igenzura rya wafer ni ingenzi kugira ngo hamenyekane ubwiza n'imikorere ya chip, kandi ukuri no guhagarara kw'imbonerahamwe y'igenzura bigira uruhare runini mu bisubizo byo gupima. Ishingiro rya granite rifite imiterere yaryo yihariye, riba amahitamo meza yo gusuzuma wafer ya semiconductor, ibi bikurikira bivuye mu isesengura ry'ibipimo byinshi kuri wewe.

Ubwa mbere, ingano y'ingwate y'ubuziranenge
1. Ubugari n'ubugari buhanitse cyane: Ishingiro rya granite ritunganywa hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gutunganya, kandi ubugari bushobora kugera kuri ± 0.001mm/m cyangwa se bugakwiranye cyane, kandi ubugari nabwo ni bwiza cyane. Mu igenzura rya wafer, urwego rwo hejuru rutanga inkunga ihamye kuri wafer kandi rutuma imashini ikora neza hagati y’ibikoresho byo kugenzura n’aho imashini ihurira ku buso bwa wafer.
2. Igipimo gito cyane cyo kwagura ubushyuhe: inganda zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor ziterwa n’impinduka z’ubushyuhe, kandi igipimo cyo kwagura ubushyuhe bwa granite kiba kiri hasi cyane, akenshi hafi 5 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Iyo urubuga rwo gushakisha ruri gukora, nubwo ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere bwaba buhindagurika, ingano y’ibanze ya granite ihinduka gato cyane. Urugero, mu iduka rikorerwamo ubushyuhe bwinshi mu mpeshyi, ubushyuhe bw’urubuga rusanzwe rwo gushakisha inkingi z’icyuma bushobora gutuma aho wafer n’ibikoresho byo gushakisha bihinduka, bigira ingaruka ku buryo bwo gushakisha; Urwego rwo gushakisha inkingi z’amabuye rushobora kugumana ubusugire, rukemeza ko wafer n’ibikoresho byo gushakisha bihagaze neza mu gihe cyo gushakisha, kandi rugatanga ibidukikije bihamye byo gushakisha neza.
Icya kabiri, urwego rw'ubudahangarwa
1. Imiterere ihamye n'ubudahangarwa bwo kuzenguruka: Granite nyuma y'imyaka miliyoni y'ibikorwa bya geologi, imiterere y'imbere iba ikomeye kandi isa. Mu buryo bugoye bw'uruganda rwa semiconductor, ukuzenguruka guterwa n'imikorere y'ibikoresho byo ku ruhande n'abakozi bagenda hirya no hino bigabanuka neza bitewe n'ishingiro rya granite.
2. Ubuziranenge bw'ikoreshwa ry'igihe kirekire: ugereranije n'ibindi bikoresho, granite ifite ubukana bwinshi, idashobora kwangirika cyane, kandi ubukana bwa Mohs bushobora kugera kuri 6-7. Ubuso bw'ibanze bwa granite ntibupfa kwambarwa mu gihe cyo gupakira, gupakurura no kugenzura kenshi. Dukurikije ikoreshwa nyaryo ry'imibare y'amakuru, ikoreshwa ry'imbonerahamwe yo gupima ishingiro rya granite, ikoreshwa rihoraho nyuma y'amasaha 5000, ubuziranenge n'ubuziranenge bw'ubuziranenge buracyashobora kugumaho ku kigero kirenga 98% by'ubuziranenge bw'ibanze, bigabanyije ibikoresho bitewe no kwangirika kw'ishingiro guterwa no gupima buri gihe no kuyitaho, bikagabanya ikiguzi cy'imikorere y'ubucuruzi, kugira ngo habeho umutekano mu gihe kirekire w'imirimo yo gupima.

Icya gatatu, uburyo bworoshye kandi burwanya kwivanga
1. Gutanga ivumbi rike: ibidukikije bikorerwamo ibikoresho bya semiconductor bigomba kuba bisukuye cyane, kandi ibikoresho bya granite ubwabyo bikaba bihamye kandi ntibikorohera gukora uduce tw’umukungugu. Mu gihe cyo gukora urubuga rwo gupima, ivumbi riva mu gice cyo hasi ryirindwa kugira ngo ryanduze wafer, kandi ibyago byo kubura uruziga rugufi n’uruziga rufunguye biterwa n’uduce tw’umukungugu biragabanuka. Mu gice cyo kugenzura wafer mu iduka ridafite ivumbi, ubwinshi bw’ivumbi rikikije ameza yo kugenzura ivumbi rya granite buhora bugenzurwa ku rwego rwo hasi cyane, byujuje ibisabwa mu isuku ikomeye y’inganda za semiconductor.
2. Nta guhungabanya ingufu za rukuruzi: ibikoresho byo gupima bifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya ibidukikije bya rukuruzi, kandi granite ni ibikoresho bitari ibya rukuruzi, bitabangamira ikimenyetso cy'ikoranabuhanga cy'ibikoresho byo gupima. Mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima amashanyarazi n'ubundi buryo bwo gupima busaba ibidukikije bya rukuruzi byinshi cyane, ishingiro rya granite rituma ikimenyetso cy'ikoranabuhanga cy'ibikoresho byo gupima gikwirakwira neza kandi rigatuma ibisubizo by'ibizamini biba byiza. Urugero, iyo ishingiro rya granite ripimwe kugira ngo harebwe imikorere y'amashanyarazi ihamye, ishingiro rya granite ritari rya rukuruzi ririnda guhungabanya ibimenyetso by'amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi, kugira ngo amakuru yo gupima agaragaze imiterere y'amashanyarazi ya wafer.