Mu rwego rw'umusaruro w'inganda, imikorere ihamye y'ibikoresho ni yo shingiro ryo kwemeza ubushobozi n'imikorere myiza y'umusaruro. Ariko, ikibazo cy'igihe ibikoresho bidakora giterwa no kwangirika kw'ibikoresho bisanzwe by'icyuma cyashongeshejwe cyagiye kibangamira inganda z'inganda. Kuva ku bikoresho bipima neza kugeza ku bikoresho biremereye bya mekanike, iyo mekanike imaze kwangirika, ntibizatuma ibice bya mekanike bipimwa nabi kandi bigasaza neza, ahubwo bishobora no gutuma ibikoresho binanirwa gukora no guhagarika umusaruro. Urufatiro rwa granite, rufite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese karemano, rutanga igisubizo cya burundu ku bigo.
Ingese y'ibishingiriro by'icyuma gishongeshejwe: "Umwicanyi utagaragara" mu nganda
Ibyuma bishongeshejwe byakoreshejwe cyane mu bikoresho bitandukanye by’inganda bitewe nuko bihendutse kandi byoroshye kubitunganya. Ariko, icyuma gishongeshejwe ni icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma cya karuboni. Imiterere yacyo y’imbere irimo imyenge myinshi ya mikorobe n’imyanda, ikunze kwangirika cyane bitewe n’ubushuhe na ogisijeni mu kirere, bigatuma habaho ingese. Mu duce dutose two gukoreramo, mu nkengero z’inyanja dufite umunyu mwinshi, cyangwa iyo habayeho ibintu nk’ibikonjesha na aside cyangwa alkali, igipimo cyo kwangirika kw’ibice bishongeshejwe by’icyuma kiziyongera cyane. Dukurikije imibare, mu duce dusanzwe tw’inganda, ibice bishongeshejwe by’icyuma kizigaragaza ingese ku buryo bugaragara buri myaka 2 kugeza kuri 3. Ariko, mu duce dufite ubushuhe bwinshi cyangwa ingese, igihe cyo gukora gishobora no kugabanuka kikagera munsi y’umwaka umwe.
Nyuma yo gushwanyagurika, ubuso bw'icyuma gishongeshejwe buzagenda bucika buhoro buhoro, bigatuma uburyo bwo gushyiraho ibikoresho bugabanuka kandi bigatera ibibazo nko guhindagurika cyane no gucika intege kw'ibice. Ku bikoresho bipima neza, imiterere mito iterwa n'ingese ku gishingo ishobora gutuma amakosa yo gupima arenga ± 5μm, bigatuma igenzura ry'ibicuruzwa ritagira icyo rigeraho. Ku bikoresho bikoresha imashini zikomeye, kwangirika kw'imiterere guterwa n'ingese bishobora no gutuma ibikoresho bifungwa mu buryo butunguranye, bigatuma umurongo w'ibikorwa uhagarara. Uruganda rumwe rukora ibice by'imodoka rwigeze kugira ibibazo kenshi by'igikoresho cyarwo gipima neza bitewe n'ingese y'icyuma gishongeshejwe. Igihombo cy'ubukungu cyatewe no kudakora neza kw'ibikoresho mu mwaka umwe cyarenze miliyoni imwe y'amayuan.
Ishingiro rya granite: "Ikibando cyo kurinda" gisanzwe kirwanya ingese
Granite ni ibuye karemano ryakozwe binyuze mu mikorere ya geologi mu myaka amagana na miliyoni. Amabuye ya kristu y’imbere ahinduka kristu cyane, kandi imiterere yaryo ni ndende kandi ingana, bigatuma rigira akamaro mu kurwanya ingese. Ibice by’ingenzi bya granite (quartz, feldspar, mica, nibindi) bifite imiterere ihamye cyane ya shimi kandi ntibigira ingaruka ku bintu bisanzwe bya aside cyangwa alkaline. Nubwo byaba bihuye igihe kirekire n’ibintu byangiza nk’ibikonjesha n’ibikoresho byo gusukura, nta ngese izabaho. Byongeye kandi, hejuru ya granite nta mwenge ifite, kandi amazi ntashobora kwinjira imbere, bigatuma habaho oxidation no gushonga mu mizi.
Amakuru y’igerageza agaragaza ko iyo granite n’icyuma gishongeshejwe bishyizwe icyarimwe ahantu hangiza cyane harimo umuti wa sodium chloride 10%, icyuma gishongeshejwe kigaragaza ahantu hagaragara ingese mu masaha 48, mu gihe nyuma y’amasaha 1000 yo kugerageza, ubuso bwa granite bukomeza kuba bwiza nk’ubushya nta bimenyetso bya ngese. Ubu buryo butangaje bwo kurwanya ingese butuma ishingiro rya granite rigaragaza ibyiza bidasubirwaho mu nganda zifite imbaraga zikomeye zo kwangiza nka tekiniki y’ibinyabutabire, gutunganya ibiribwa, n’ubuhanga bwo mu mazi.
Guteza imbere ikiguzi cy'ubuzima bwose: Kuva ku "ishoramari ry'igihe gito" kugeza ku "inyungu z'igihe kirekire"
Nubwo ikiguzi cya mbere cyo kugura ishingiro rya granite kiri hejuru y’iry’icyuma gishongeshejwe, ukurikije ubuzima bwose bw’ibikoresho, inyungu rusange bitanga zirenze kure itandukaniro ry’ikiguzi. Ishingiro ry’icyuma gishongeshejwe risaba gusanwa kenshi bitewe n’ingese (nk’uko gukuraho ingese no kongera gusiga irangi), kandi ikiguzi cyo gusana buri mwaka kigera kuri 10% kugeza kuri 15% by’igiciro cyo kugura. Iyo ingese ikomeye, ishingiro ryose rigomba gusimburwa, ibyo byongera mu buryo butaziguye igihe cyo kudakora n’ikiguzi cyo gusimbuza ibikoresho. Ishingiro rya granite ntaho risaba gusanwa, rimara imyaka irenga 20, kandi rigumana ubuhanga n’imikorere ihamye mu gihe cyose cyo gukoresha ibikoresho, bigabanya neza impanuka z’ibikoresho n’igihe cyo kudakora.
Nyuma y’uko ikigo runaka cy’ikoranabuhanga gisimbuje ishingiro ry’icyuma gikozwe mu muyoboro w’umusaruro n’ishingiro rya granite, igihe cyo kuruhuka kw’ibikoresho cyagabanutseho 85%, igihe cyo gupima ibikoresho byo gupima cyongerewe kuva kuri rimwe mu kwezi kugeza kuri rimwe mu mwaka, kandi ikiguzi cy’umwaka cyose cyagabanutseho 40%. Byongeye kandi, kuba ishingiro rya granite rihamye byongereye igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa, bitanga inyungu nyinshi mu buryo butaziguye.
Mu rwego rwo kuvugurura ibikoresho by’inganda, kuva ku byuma bishongeshejwe kugeza ku byuma bishongeshejwe, si uguhindura ibikoresho gusa, ahubwo ni no gutera intambwe mu bitekerezo by’umusaruro kuva ku "gukora neza" kugera ku "kuba indashyikirwa". Mu guhitamo iby’ibikoresho bishongeshejwe, ibigo ntibishobora gukemura burundu ikibazo cy’ingese n’ingufu gusa, ahubwo bishobora no kugera ku kunoza kabiri mu musaruro no ku nyungu z’ubukungu binyuze mu mikorere irambye y’ibikoresho, bigashyiraho urufatiro rukomeye rw’iterambere ryiza mu gihe cy’inganda zikora ibintu mu buryo bw’ubwenge.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-13-2025