Ubwa mbere, ibyiza by'ishingiro rya granite
Uburimbane bwinshi n'ubushyuhe buke
Ubucucike bwa granite buri hejuru (hafi 2.6-2.8 g/cm³), kandi modulus ya Young ishobora kugera kuri 50-100 GPa, irenga kure ubw'ibikoresho bisanzwe by'icyuma. Ubu bucucike bwinshi bushobora kubuza neza guhindagura no guhindura umutwaro w'inyuma, kandi bugatuma umurongo w'umwuka ugenda uhindagurika. Muri icyo gihe, igipimo cyo kwaguka cya granite kiri hasi cyane (hafi 5 × 10⁻⁶/℃), 1/3 gusa cy'icyuma cya aluminiyumu, nta guhindagurika k'ubushyuhe mu bidukikije bihindagurika, cyane cyane bibereye muri laboratwari zihoraho z'ubushyuhe cyangwa ahantu hakorerwa ubushyuhe mu nganda hafite itandukaniro rinini ry'ubushyuhe hagati y'amanywa n'ijoro.
Imikorere myiza cyane yo kugabanya ubushyuhe
Imiterere ya granite ifite imiterere ya polycrystalline ituma igira imiterere karemano yo kugabanya ubushyuhe, kandi igihe cyo kugabanya ubushyuhe cyihuta inshuro 3-5 kurusha icy'icyuma. Mu gihe cyo gukora imashini neza, ishobora kwakira neza ubushyuhe bukabije nko gutangira no guhagarara kwa moteri, gukata ibikoresho, no kwirinda ingaruka z'impinduka ku buryo buboneye bwo gushyiramo urubuga rwimuka (agaciro gasanzwe kagera kuri ± 0.1μm).
Ubudahangarwa bw'igihe kirekire
Nyuma y’imyaka amagana n’amagana y’ibikorwa bya geologiya byakozwemo granite, imbaraga zayo z’imbere zarekuwe burundu, ntabwo ari nk’ibikoresho by’icyuma bitewe n’imbaraga zisigaye ziterwa no guhinduka buhoro. Amakuru y’igerageza agaragaza ko impinduka z’ingano y’ishingiro rya granite ziri munsi ya 1μm/m mu gihe cy’imyaka 10, ibi bikaba ari byiza cyane kurusha iz’ibyuma bishongeshejwe cyangwa ibyuma bishongeshejwe.
Irwanya ingese kandi ntigira ikibazo cyo gusana
Granite kuva kuri aside na alkali, amavuta, ubushuhe n'ibindi bintu bidukikije bifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu bikomeye, nta mpamvu yo gusiga urwego rurwanya ingese buri gihe nk'uko icyuma gisanzwe giteye. Nyuma yo gusya no gusiga irangi, ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bushobora kugera kuri Ra 0.2μm cyangwa munsi yayo, bushobora gukoreshwa nk'ubuso bw'icyuma gitwara umwuka kugira ngo bigabanye amakosa yo guteranya.
Icya kabiri, imbogamizi z'ishingiro rya granite
Ingorane zo gutunganya ibintu n'ikibazo cy'ikiguzi
Granite ifite ubukana bwa Mohs bwa 6-7, isaba gukoresha ibikoresho bya diyama mu gusya neza, imikorere myiza yo gutunganya ni 1/5 cy'ibikoresho by'icyuma gusa. Imiterere igoye y'umuyoboro w'umurizo, imyobo ifite imigozi n'ibindi biranga ikiguzi cyo gutunganya ni kinini, kandi ukwezi gutunganya ni kure (urugero, gutunganya urubuga rwa 2m × 1m bifata amasaha arenga 200), bigatuma ikiguzi rusange kiri hejuru ya 30%-50% ugereranyije n'urubuga rwa aluminiyumu.
Ingaruka zo kuvunika nabi
Nubwo imbaraga zo gukanda zishobora kugera kuri 200-300MPa, imbaraga zo gukanda za granite ni 1/10 gusa cyazo. Gucikamo ibice biroroshye kugerwaho iyo habayeho impanuka nyinshi, kandi ibyangiritse biragoye gusana. Ni ngombwa kwirinda guhangayika cyane binyuze mu miterere y'inyubako, nko gukoresha uruziga rw'impande, kongera umubare w'ingingo zishyigikira, nibindi.
Uburemere buzana imbogamizi ku mikorere y'umubiri
Ubucucike bwa granite bukubye inshuro 2.5 ugereranyije n'uburemere bwa aluminiyumu, bigatuma uburemere rusange bw'urukuta bwiyongera cyane. Ibi bitanga ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu bwinshi ku nyubako y'inkunga, kandi imikorere ya dynamic ishobora kugira ingaruka ku bibazo byo kutagira imbaraga mu bihe bisaba kugenda cyane (nk'ameza ya lithography wafer).
Anisotropi y'ibikoresho
Uburyo utubumbe tw’amabuye y’agaciro dukwirakwira mu buryo bw’umwimerere bw’amabuye y’agaciro (granite) tuba mu cyerekezo kimwe, kandi uburyo ubukana n’ubushyuhe bikwirakwira mu myanya itandukanye biratandukanye gato (hafi ± 5%). Ibi bishobora guteza amakosa adashidikanywaho ku buryo buhanitse bwo gushyiramo ibintu neza cyane (nk’aho bishyirwa mu buryo bwa nanoscale), bigomba kunozwa hakoreshejwe uburyo buhamye bwo guhitamo ibikoresho no kuvura homogenization (nk’aho bishyirwa mu buryo bwa calcination mu bushyuhe bwinshi).
Nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'ibikoresho by'inganda bifite umuvuduko wo hejuru, urubuga rwo hejuru rw'umwuka uhindagurika ukoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor, gutunganya urumuri, gupima neza n'ibindi. Guhitamo ibikoresho by'ibanze bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku ituze, ubuziranenge n'ubuzima bw'uru rubuga. Granite (granite karemano), ifite imiterere yihariye, yabaye ibikoresho bikunzwe cyane kuri bene ibyo bikoresho mu myaka ya vuba aha.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mata-09-2025