Muri iki gihe gishingiye ku ihinduka ryihuse rya digitale na sensor zishingiye kuri laser, bishobora gusa n'ibisekeje kubona igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyane muri laboratwari igezweho ari ibuye rinini kandi rituje. Nyamara, ku injeniyeri wese ushinzwe kugenzura mikoroni z'igice cy'indege cy'ingenzi cyane cyangwa igikoresho cyoroshye cyo kwa muganga, icyuma kinini cy'ubuso bwa granite gikomeza kuba ishingiro ry'ukuri kose. Hatabayeho urwego rw'ifatizo rugororotse neza, ndetse n'ibyuma bihenze cyane bya digitale biba ari byo bitekereza. Gushaka zeru rwose mu gupima ikoranabuhanga ntibitangirana na porogaramu; bitangirana n'ubudahangarwa bw'isi ubwayo, butunganijwe binyuze mu buhanga bw'abantu.
Iyo tuganira ku bikoresho byo gupima plaque y'ubuso, tuba tureba imiterere y'ibinyabuzima ifite ubuziranenge. plaque y'ubuso si imbonerahamwe gusa; ni igipimo cy'ibanze. Mu bidukikije by'imashini cyangwa laboratwari igenzura ubuziranenge, plaque y'abahanga ikora nk'aho ingano zose zikomoka. Waba ukoresha uburebure, imigozi ya sine, cyangwa urwego rwa elegitoroniki rugezweho, kwizera amakuru yawe bifitanye isano n'ubwiza bw'ubuso bwa granite. Ni ahantu hamwe mu ruganda aho "flat" bivuze flat, bitanga ituze rikenewe kugira ngo ibikoresho bipima mashini bikore ku rugero rwabyo rw'amahame.
Impinduka kuva ku byuma bisanzwe byo mu kinyejana cya 20 kugera ku byuma bigezweho bya granite y'umukara byatewe no gukenera imbaraga zo guhangana n'ibidukikije. Ibyuma bivanze bikunze kwangirika, ingese, ndetse n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ariko, granite isanzwe "yapfuye." Ntiyihanganira imbaraga zo imbere, ntitanga amashanyarazi, kandi ikiruta byose, ntabwo igwa ingese. Iyo igikoresho kinini giguye ku gikoresho giteye ubwobaubuso bwa granite, ntabwo ikora ikibaya cy’amazi cyangiza ibipimo bikurikira; ahubwo, ikuraho agace gato k’ibuye, igasiga ikirere gikikije cyose kimeze neza. Iyi miterere yonyine yatumye iba amahitamo meza ku nganda zikora neza cyane mu Burayi no muri Amerika ya Ruguru.
Ariko, gutunga isahani nziza ni intangiriro y'urugendo gusa. Kugumana ubwo buryo mu myaka myinshi ikoreshwa cyane bisaba kwiyemeza cyane kugenzura ameza ya granite. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, kugenda buri gihe kw'ibice n'ibikoresho ku ibuye bishobora gutuma ahantu runaka hangirika—bitagaragara ku maso ariko bikaba akaga ku mirimo yo kwihanganira ibintu byinshi. Kugenzura umwuga bikubiyemo gushushanya ubuso hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga cyangwa autocollimators kugira ngo hakorwe "ikarita y'ubutaka" y'ubugari bw'ibuye. Ni igikorwa cyitondewe gituma isahani ikomeza kuzuza ibisabwa mu cyiciro cya 00 cyangwa icya 0, biha injeniyeri icyizere cy'uko ibipimo byabo bishobora gukurikiranwa kandi bigasubirwamo.
Ku bacunga inganda nini, ikibazo cyo gushyiraho plate nini ya granite ni kinini, ariko inyungu ni nyinshi. Aya mabuye manini, akunze gupima toni nyinshi, atanga urwego rwo kugabanya umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi ibikoresho by’ubukorikori bidashobora guhura nabyo. Iyo ushyize moteri iremereye cyangwa icyuma cya turbine ku plate y’abahanga, ubucucike bw’amabuye butuma imiterere yayo ikomeza kuba itandukanye n’imitingito y’imashini ziremereye ziri hafi aho. Iyi ni yo mpamvu laboratwari zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zishyira imbere ubunini n’uburemere bw’imisingi ya granite, zibifata nk’umutungo uhoraho w’inyubako aho kuba ibikoresho gusa.
Ubuhanga bukenewe kugira ngo haboneke kandi hakorwe aya mabuye ni bwo butandukanya abayatanga ku rwego rw'isi n'abandi. Atangirira mu mabuye, aho agace gato k'amabuye y'umukara gafatwa nk'"urwego rwa metrology" - nta cyuho, ibintu bivanze, n'ahantu horoshye. Muri ZHHIMG, dufata ubu buryo bwo guhitamo nk'uburemere bukwiye. Iyo bloki isanzwe iciwe, akazi nyako gatangira. Igikorwa cyo gukubita ubuso n'intoki kugira ngo ugere ku bugari bwa sub-micron ni ubuhanga bwihariye buhuza imbaraga z'umubiri n'ubumenyi bw'ubumenyi bw'ibintu. Ni imbyino igenda buhoro kandi ihuje n'uburyo bw'ikoranabuhanga hagati y'umuhanga mu by'ubuhanga n'ibuye, iyobowe n'ishusho nyayo yaibikoresho byo gupima bya mekanike.
Mu rwego rw'isi yose rw'inganda zikora ibintu neza, amasosiyete arimo gushaka abafatanyabikorwa batanga ibirenze ibicuruzwa gusa. Bashaka abayobozi basobanukiwe n'imiterere y'ubushyuhe n'imyitwarire y'igihe kirekire y'amabuye y'umukara. Nubwo abakwirakwiza ibicuruzwa benshi bavuga ko batanga ubuziranenge, bake gusa ni bo bashobora gutanga imiterere ikenewe kugira ngo habeho ibikorwa bigoye cyane. Kuba tuzwi nk'abatanga ibi bikoresho by'ibanze ni inshingano dufata nk'ingenzi. Ni ukureba ko iyo umutekinisiye ashyize ibikoresho bye byo gupima ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'ubutaka ku gishushanyo mbonera cyacu, aba akora ku buso bwemejwe n'ubumenyi bukomeye n'ubuhanga bw'inzobere.
Amaherezo, uruhare rw'isahani nini y'ubuso bwa granite mu nganda zigezweho ni igihamya cy'uko hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bidashobora gusimburwa n'inzira z'ubusamo za digitale. Uko ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu mu nganda za semiconductor n'izo mu kirere bugabanuka kugera kuri nanometer, uruhare rw'ameza ya granite "rudacecetse" rurushaho kuba ingenzi. Gupima ameza ya granite buri gihe no gukoresha ibikoresho byo gupima by'ikoranabuhanga byiza bituma uyu mufatanyabikorwa udacecetse akomeza kubahiriza amahame y'ubuhanga bugezweho. Turagutumiye gusuzuma neza ishingiro ry'uburyo bwawe bwo gupima - kuko mu isi y'ubuhanga buhanitse, ubuso uhisemo ni cyo cyemezo cy'ingenzi cyane uzafata.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-26-2025