Mu rwego rw'inganda zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor, isuku y'ibidukikije bisukuye igira ingaruka ku musaruro w'umusaruro w'ibikomoka ku bimera bya wafer ndetse n'imikorere y'ibiceri. Inganda 5 za mbere ku isi zikora ibikoresho bya wafer zose zakuyeho ibikoresho gakondo by'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma ...
"Inenge yica" y'ibikoresho by'icyuma bikozwe mu byuma bisukuye
Ibyuma bikozwe mu nganda gakondo, byari bifite inyungu zimwe na zimwe mu miterere ya mashini, ariko bifite ibibazo byinshi mu byumba byo gusukura bya semiconductor. Icya mbere, imiterere y’ubuso bw’icyuma gikozwe mu nganda ntabwo icucitse, ifite imyenge myinshi n’uduheri duto tutagaragara ku maso. Mu gihe cy’imirimo ya buri munsi y’ibyumba byo gusukura, iyi myenge ikunze kwinjizwamo ivumbi, ibizinga by’amavuta n’ibindi bihumanya bitandukanye, bikaba ahantu ho kwihisha imyuka ihumanya. Iyo imyanda imaze kwiyongera, mu gihe cyo gukora wafer neza, ishobora kugwa igafata ku buso bw’wafer, bigatera ibibazo bikomeye nk’imirongo migufi n’imirongo ifunguye muri chip.
Icya kabiri, icyuma gishongeshejwe gifite ubushobozi buke bwo kudahinduka mu buryo busanzwe bwa shimi. Mu gihe cyo gukora wafer, hakoreshwa ibintu bitandukanye bya shimi byangiza nka aside hydrofluoric na aside sulfurique. Ibyuma bishongeshejwe bishobora kwangiza ibidukikije bitewe n’ikwirakwizwa ry’ibi bintu bya shimi. Ingese n’iyoni z’icyuma biva muri feri ntibihumanya gusa ibidukikije byo mu cyumba cyo gusukura ahubwo bishobora no kugira ingaruka ku bikoresho bya shimi hamwe n’ibikoresho biri ku buso bwa wafer, bikangiza imiterere y’umubiri n’imiti bya wafer kandi bikagabanya cyane umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa.
"Ibintu bihumanya ikirere" ku mbuga za granite
Impamvu urubuga rwa granite rukundwa n’inganda 5 zikora wafer nziza ku isi ni uko ari rwo rufite "ubuziranenge bwa zeru". Granite ni ibuye karemano ryakozwe binyuze mu mikorere ya geologi mu myaka amagana na miliyoni. Amabuye y’imbere mu butaka bwayo ahinduka nk'ibumba, imiterere yayo ni myinshi kandi ingana, kandi nta mwenge uhari ku buso. Iyi miterere idasanzwe ituma itazinjiramo umukungugu n’ibintu bihumanya. Nubwo haba hari imvururu nyinshi mu kirere ndetse n’ibikorwa by’abakozi n’ibikoresho mu cyumba gisukuye, ubuso bwa granite bushobora kuguma busukuye, bikarinda kororoka no gukwirakwiza ibintu bihumanya.
Mu bijyanye no kugumana ubuziranenge bw'ibinyabutabire, granite ikora neza cyane. Ibice byayo by'ingenzi ni amabuye y'agaciro nka quartz na feldspar. Ifite imiterere ihamye cyane ya shimi kandi ntigira ingaruka cyane ku bintu bisanzwe bya shimi. Mu buryo bugoye bwo gukora shimi, urubuga rwa granite rushobora guhangana n'ihungabana ry'ibintu bitandukanye byangiza ibidukikije ku buryo bworoshye, hatabayeho gukora ibintu byangiza ibidukikije cyangwa ihumana rya ion mu byuma, bigatanga urubuga rwiza kandi rusukuye rwo gukora wafer. Hagati aho, granite ntabwo itwara amashanyarazi kandi ntitanga amashanyarazi yangiza ikirere, bityo ikirinda ibyago byo kwandura biterwa n'amashanyarazi yangiza ikirere yinjiza uduce tw'umukungugu no gukomeza kwemeza ko icyumba gisukuye gifite ibidukikije.
Guhitamo ibikoresho ukurikije ikiguzi n'inyungu
Nubwo ikiguzi cyo kugura ibikoresho bya granite mbere y’igihe kiri hejuru ugereranyije n’iby’ibyuma bicukurwa, mu gihe kirekire, inyungu rusange zizana zirenze kure itandukaniro ry’ikiguzi. Gusukura no kubungabunga ibikoresho bya granite kenshi bitewe n’ibibazo by’umwanda, ndetse n’igihombo kinini giterwa n’ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa bifite inenge, byatumye ikiguzi rusange cy’umusaruro kiguma hejuru. Ibikoresho bya granite, bifite inyungu yo kudahumanya ikirere, bigabanya cyane inshuro zo gusukura no kubungabunga mu cyumba gisukuye n’umubare w’ibicuruzwa bifite inenge, bigabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora, kandi byongera imikorere myiza n’ubwiza bw’umusaruro. Fata urugero rw’uruganda rufite ubushobozi bwo gukora wafers miliyoni imwe buri mwaka. Nyuma yo gukoresha ibikoresho bya granite, bishobora kugabanya igihombo giterwa n’umwanda ho miliyoni icumi z’amayuan buri mwaka, kandi inyungu ku ishoramari ni nini cyane.
Inganda 5 za mbere ku isi zikora wafer zaretse ibyuma bikozwe mu cyuma gishongeshejwe ndetse zihitamo platform za granite hashingiwe ku gusuzuma byimbitse ibisabwa kugira ngo ahantu hasukuye kandi hakoreshwe neza. Akamaro k'platform za granite ntigahumanya ikirere gatanga garanti yizewe yo gukora wafer kandi gatuma ikorwa rya semiconductor rigera ku buhanga bwo hejuru no ku musaruro mwinshi. Hamwe n'iterambere rihoraho ry'ikoranabuhanga rya semiconductor, platform za granite zizagira uruhare runini mu gukora wafer mu gihe kizaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-14-2025