Mu rwego rwo gukora semiconductor, isuku y’ibidukikije by’isuku bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku musaruro w’umusaruro wafer no ku mikorere ya chip. Isi ya TOP 5 yo guhimba wafer kwisi yose yagiye ikuraho ibikoresho gakondo bikozwe mucyuma hanyuma ihindurwamo urubuga rwa granite. Inyuma y'iri hinduka hihishe inyuma y’ibidukikije byanduye mu bwiherero. Ibikoresho bya Granite, hamwe nibiranga ubwabyo, byagaragaje ibyiza bitagereranywa mubyumba bisukuye kandi byahindutse ikintu gishya cyibiti byo guhimba wafer.
"Inenge yica" y'ibikoresho by'ibyuma mu byumba bisukuye
Shira ibyuma, nkibikoresho gakondo byinganda, byigeze kugira ibyiza bimwe mubikoresho byubukanishi, ariko bifite ibibazo byinshi mubidukikije byogusukura. Ubwa mbere, microstructure yo hejuru yicyuma ntishobora kuba yuzuye, hamwe numubare munini wimyenge nuduce duto tutagaragara kumaso. Mu mikorere ya buri munsi y’ubwiherero, ibyo byobo bikunda kwibasira umukungugu, irangi ryamavuta hamwe n’imyanda ihumanya itandukanye, bigahinduka ahantu hihishe amasoko y’umwanda. Iyo umwanda umaze kwegeranya, mugihe cyibikorwa nyabyo byo gukora wafer, birashobora kugwa bikaguma hejuru yubuso bwa wafer, bigatera ibibazo bikomeye byubwiza nkumuzunguruko mugufi hamwe nizunguruka zifunguye muri chip.
Icya kabiri, icyuma gikozwe neza gifite imiti idahwitse. Mugihe cyo gukora wafer, hakoreshwa imiti itandukanye yangiza imiti nka acide hydrofluoric na aside sulfurike. Ibyuma bishiramo bikunda kwibasirwa na okiside hamwe na ruswa ishobora kwangirika bitewe nisuri yibi bintu byimiti. Ingese nicyuma byatewe no kwangirika ntabwo byangiza ibidukikije byogusukura gusa ahubwo birashobora no gukorerwa imiti hamwe nibikoresho biri hejuru ya wafer, bikangiza imiterere yumubiri nubumara bya wafer kandi bikagabanya cyane umusaruro wibicuruzwa.
Ikiranga "zero-umwanda" kiranga urubuga rwa granite
Impamvu ituma granite itoneshwa n’ibiti byo ku isi TOP 5 bya wafer biri mu biranga "zero-umwanda". Granite ni ibuye risanzwe ryakozwe binyuze mubikorwa bya geologiya mumyaka miriyoni amagana. Imbere yimyunyu ngugu ya kirisiti yegeranye cyane, imiterere ni yuzuye kandi irasa, kandi hafi yubusa nta byobo biri hejuru. Iyi miterere idasanzwe iremeza ko itazamamaza umukungugu nuwanduye. Ndetse no mu guhungabanya ikirere gikunze kugaragara hamwe n’ibikorwa n’ibikoresho mu cyumba gisukuye, ubuso bwa granite burashobora gukomeza kugira isuku, bikabuza kororoka no gukwirakwizwa kwanduye.
Kubijyanye na chimique stabilite, granite ikora neza bidasanzwe. Ibigize byingenzi ni minerval nka quartz na feldspar. Ifite imiterere ihamye yimiti kandi ntishobora gukorana na reagent isanzwe. Mubidukikije bigoye bya chimique yinganda zikora wafer, urubuga rwa granite rushobora guhangana nisuri ya reagent zitandukanye zangirika byoroshye, bitarinze kubyara ibicuruzwa byangirika cyangwa kwanduza ibyuma bya ion, bitanga urubuga rwibanze kandi rufite isuku rwo gukora wafer. Hagati aho, granite ntabwo ikora kandi ntishobora gutanga amashanyarazi ahamye, bityo ikirinda ingaruka ziterwa n’umwanda uterwa n’amashanyarazi ahamye yangiza umukungugu kandi bikarushaho kwita ku bidukikije by’icyumba gisukuye.
Guhitamo ibikoresho ukurikije ikiguzi ninyungu
Nubwo igiciro cyambere cyo gutanga amasoko ya granite ya platifomu ari hejuru ugereranije nicyuma gikozwe mucyuma, mugihe kirekire, inyungu zuzuye bazana zirenze kure itandukaniro ryibiciro. Gukora isuku kenshi no gufata neza ibyuma bikozwe mu byuma kubera ibibazo by’umwanda, kimwe n’igihombo kinini cyatewe no kwiyongera kw'ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa, byatumye ibiciro by’umusaruro biri hejuru. Ihuriro rya granite, hamwe n’inyungu zayo zanduye, bigabanya cyane inshuro zo gukora isuku no kuyitunganya mu cyumba gisukuye n’igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa, igabanya amafaranga yo gukora, kandi ikazamura umusaruro n’ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa. Fata uruganda rufite ubushobozi bwo gutanga umusaruro wa miriyoni imwe ya wafer nkurugero. Nyuma yo gukoresha porogaramu ya granite, irashobora kugabanya igihombo cyatewe n’umwanda hejuru ya miliyoni icumi yu mwaka, kandi inyungu ku ishoramari ni nyinshi.
Uruganda rwa TOP 5 rwo guhimba wafer ku isi rwaretse ibyuma bikozwe mu cyuma kandi rwatoranije urubuga rwa granite rushingiye ku gusuzuma mu buryo bwuzuye ibisabwa mu bidukikije by’isuku no gukora neza. Inyungu zeru zangiza za granite zitanga garanti yizewe yumusaruro wafer kandi ituma inganda ziciriritse zigana neza kandi n’umusaruro mwinshi. Hamwe niterambere rihoraho ryikoranabuhanga rya semiconductor, platform ya granite igomba kugira uruhare runini mugukora wafer.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-14-2025