Muri laboratoire zo hejuru ku isi, zaba ari ukumenya ibikoresho bya nanoscale, kalibrasi yibikoresho bya optique neza, cyangwa gupima microstructure yo gupima ibyuma byifashishwa bya semiconductor, haribisabwa cyane cyane kugirango harebwe ibipimo bifatika. Granite igororotse, hamwe nibikorwa byayo byiza, yabaye ihitamo ryambere kuri laboratoire nyinshi. Ugereranije n’ibisanzwe gakondo byerekana ibyuma, ituze ryayo irashobora kunozwa kugera kuri 300%, bishingiye kubimenyetso byimbitse bya siyansi no kugenzura bifatika. ?
1. Ibikoresho bifatika bigena ishingiro ryukuri
Shira icyuma, nkibikoresho bisanzwe bifatika, nubwo bifite ubukana, bifite inenge. Coefficient yayo yo kwagura ubushyuhe ni 12 × 10⁻⁶ / ℃. Mubihe bisanzwe bihindagurika ryubushyuhe muri laboratoire (nkubushyuhe bwa 5 caused buterwa no gutangira no guhagarika ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikonjesha), uburebure bwa metero 1 yuburebure bwicyuma bushobora guhinduka kuri metero 60. Mubyongeyeho, hariho flake grafite yubatswe imbere mucyuma. Gukoresha igihe kirekire bikunda guhangayikishwa cyane, bigatuma kugabanuka gahoro gahoro kuringaniza indege yerekanwe. Ubu bwoko bwo guhindura amashyanyarazi no guhindura imiterere bizatera gutandukana kuri sisitemu yo gupima, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubisubizo byubushakashatsi. ?
Ibinyuranye, coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe bwa granite igororotse ni (4-8) × 10⁻⁶ / ℃, ibyo bikaba bitarenze kimwe cya gatatu cyicyuma. Munsi yubushyuhe bumwe bwa 5 ℃, ingano yubunini bwa metero 1 z'uburebure bwa granite igororotse ni 20-40 mm gusa. Granite ikorwa no korohereza amabuye y'agaciro nka quartz na feldspar. Ifite imiterere yuzuye kandi imwe kandi ntakibazo cyo guhangayikishwa imbere. Nyuma yimyaka miriyari yimikorere ya geologiya, granite isanzwe ishaje kandi ntishobora guhinduka nkicyuma cyashize igihe, bigatuma umutekano wigihe kirekire windege yerekanwe uhereye kubintu. ?
Icya kabiri, tekinoroji yo gutunganya igera kuri ultra-high precision
Mugihe cyo gutunganya ibyuma byerekana ibyuma, bitewe nubushobozi bwibintu bifatika, ubusanzwe burashobora kugera kuri ± 5-10 mm. Byongeye kandi, hejuru yicyuma gikunda okiside no kubora, bisaba kubungabungwa no gusya buri gihe. Buri gusya bizagira ingaruka kumyimerere yumwimerere. ?
Granite igororotse ikoresha tekinoroji yo gusya cyane kandi ihujwe nubuhanga buhanitse bwo gutunganya imibare. Uburinganire bushobora kugenzurwa muri ± 1-3 mm, kandi ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe byo mu rwego rwo hejuru birashobora no kugera kuri ± 0.5μm. Ubuso bwacyo bugera kuri 6 kugeza kuri 7 ku gipimo cya Mohs, kandi kwihanganira kwambara bikubye inshuro 3 kugeza kuri 5 z'icyuma. Ntabwo byoroshye gushushanya cyangwa kwambara. Ndetse na nyuma yigihe kirekire ikoreshwa, ubuso bwukuri bwa granite bugororotse burashobora kuguma buhamye, bikuraho gukenera kalibrasi no kuyitaho kenshi, bikagabanya cyane ikiguzi cya laboratoire nigiciro cyigihe. ?
Iii. Guhuza ibidukikije bituma ibipimo bihamye
Ibidukikije bya laboratoire biragoye kandi birahinduka. Ibintu nkubushuhe, kunyeganyega no kwivanga kwa electromagnetique byose birashobora kugira ingaruka kubipimo. Ubuso bw'icyuma bushobora gukonjeshwa ahantu h'ubushuhe, bigatuma habaho kwiyongera k'ubuso kandi bikagira ingaruka ku guhuza neza kwa gupima. Hagati aho, magnetisme yicyuma irashobora kubangamira imikorere yibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bipima neza. ?
Granite igororotse ni ibikoresho bitari ibyuma, bidafite magnetiki kandi ntibitwara, kandi ntibizabangamira ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Igipimo cyacyo cyo kwinjiza amazi kiri munsi ya 0.1%, kandi irashobora gukomeza gukora neza mubidukikije. Byongeye kandi, imiterere yihariye ya granite irashobora gukurura neza ihindagurika ryibidukikije no kugabanya imvururu ziva hanze. Kurugero, muri laboratoire yegereye ibikoresho nini nini nini nini, umugozi wa granite urashobora guhuza hejuru ya 90% yingufu zinyeganyeza mumasegonda imwe, mugihe hejuru yicyuma gisaba amasegonda 3 kugeza kuri 5. Ibi bifasha granite igororotse gutanga ibisobanuro bihamye byo gupimwa no mubidukikije bigoye. ?
Bane. Amakuru nyayo agenzura ibyiza byo gukora
Laboratoire izwi cyane mpuzamahanga ya semiconductor yigeze gukora ikizamini cyigihe kirekire cyo kugereranya hejuru yicyuma na granite: Mugihe cyigeragezwa cyo gupima cyamaze iminsi 30 kandi kimara amasaha 8 kumunsi, ikosa ryo gupima ibikoresho ryakoreshejwe hejuru yicyuma cyageze kuri 45μm. Ibikoresho bikoresha granite igororotse bifite ikosa ryo guteranya ± 15μm gusa, kandi iterambere ryimitekerereze ihamye ni 300%. Ibisubizo nkibi byubushakashatsi byagenzuwe inshuro nyinshi muri laboratoire zo hejuru mubice byinshi nkibikoresho bya siyanse nubuhanga bwa optique, bikomeza kwerekana uburyo budasubirwaho bwa granite igororotse mugupima neza. ?
Mu gusoza, ubugororangingo bwa granite bwarenze byimazeyo hejuru yicyuma bitewe nibyiza byikubye gatatu ibintu bifatika, tekinoroji yo gutunganya no guhuza ibidukikije. Iterambere ryayo 300% muburyo butajegajega ntabwo ritanga ibipimo byizewe byo gupima laboratoire gusa ahubwo binatanga urufatiro rukomeye rwo guteza imbere ubushakashatsi bugezweho bwa siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga rikora neza. Ninimpamvu nyamukuru ituma laboratoire zo hejuru kwisi zahisemo imirongo ya granite.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Gicurasi-19-2025