Ni ukubera iki 95% by'ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bipima ibyuma? Gusohora kwa nanoscale Damping Ibiranga Ikoranabuhanga rya Granite.

Mubyerekeranye na metero zohejuru-zuzuye, ubunyangamugayo nicyo kintu ngenderwaho cyo gupima agaciro k'ibikoresho. Mu myaka yashize, 95% by'ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byapimye ibyuma bisanzwe bikozwe mu cyuma ahubwo bifata granite. Inyuma y'iri hinduka ry'inganda hari iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryazanywe na nano-urwego rwo kugabanya ibiranga granite. Iyi ngingo izasesengura byimazeyo ibyiza byihariye bya base ya granite kandi ihishure ibanga ryihishe inyuma yo kuba "bashya bakunda" ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Imipaka yibyuma bikozwe mucyuma: Biragoye kuzuza ibisabwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru
Ibyuma bikozwe mucyuma byahoze ari ibikoresho nyamukuru byo gushingira ku bikoresho byo gupima kandi byakoreshwaga cyane kubera igiciro gito kandi bitunganijwe neza. Ariko, murwego rwohejuru rwo gupima ibintu, imipaka yicyuma igenda igaragara cyane. Ku ruhande rumwe, icyuma gikozwe neza gifite ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro, hamwe na coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe bugera kuri 11-12 × 10⁻⁶ / ℃. Iyo ibikoresho bibyara ubushyuhe mugihe gikora cyangwa ubushyuhe bwibidukikije bugahinduka, bikunda guhinduka kumuriro, bikaviramo gutandukana kwerekanwa. Ku rundi ruhande, imiterere yimbere yicyuma ifite imyenge ya microscopique, kandi imikorere yayo yo kunyeganyega ntabwo ihagije, bigatuma idashobora kwinjiza neza kwivanga kwinyuma. Iyo imikorere yibikoresho byimashini no kugenda kwimodoka mumahugurwa bibyara kunyeganyega, icyuma gikozwe mucyuma kizohereza ibinyeganyega kubikoresho bipima, bigatera ihindagurika mumibare yapimwe kandi bikagorana kuzuza ibisabwa byapimwe neza murwego rwa nanometero na micrometero.

Nanoscale yerekana ibintu biranga granite: garanti yibanze yo gupima neza
Granite ni ibuye risanzwe ryakozwe binyuze mubikorwa bya geologiya mumyaka miriyoni amagana. Imbere yimyunyu ngugu ya kirisiti irahuzagurika kandi imiterere yacyo ni ndende kandi imwe, ikayiha ibintu byiza bya nano. Iyo kunyeganyega hanze byandujwe kuri granite base, microstructure yimbere irashobora guhindura byihuse imbaraga zinyeganyega mumbaraga zumuriro, bikagera kumurongo mwiza. Ugereranije nicyuma, igihe cyo gusubiza kunyeganyega cya granite kigabanukaho hejuru ya 80%, kandi birashobora gusubira muburyo butajegajega mugihe gito cyane, birinda neza ingaruka ziterwa no kunyeganyega kubipimo byo gupima ibikoresho bipima.

Urebye kuri microscopique, imiterere ya kirisiti ya granite irimo umubare munini wimbibi ntoya nimbuto zamabuye y'agaciro, kandi ibyo biranga imiterere bigize "urusobe rusanzwe". Iyo imivumba yo kunyeganyega ikwirakwira muri granite, bizagongana, bigaragaze kandi bitatanye hamwe nimbibi nimbuto inshuro nyinshi. Ingufu zo kunyeganyega zihora zikoreshwa muriki gikorwa, bityo bikagera ku ngaruka zo guhindagurika. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko base ya granite ishobora kugabanya ihindagurika rya amplitude kugeza munsi ya kimwe cya cumi cyumwimerere, bigatanga ibidukikije bihamye byo gupima ibikoresho.
Ibindi byiza bya granite shingiro: Byuzuye byuzuye ibisabwa-byohejuru
Usibye kuba idasanzwe ya nanoscale yamashanyarazi, base ya granite nayo ifite ibyiza byinshi, bigatuma ihitamo neza kubikoresho byo murwego rwohejuru. Coefficient yayo yo kwagura ubushyuhe ni hasi cyane, 5-7 × 10⁻⁶ / only gusa, kandi ntaho ihuriye nihindagurika ryubushyuhe. Irashobora kugumana ingano nuburyo butandukanye mubihe bidukikije, ikemeza neza niba ibipimo bifatika. Hagati aho, granite ifite ubukana bwinshi (hamwe na Mohs ikomeye ya 6-7) kandi irwanya kwambara. Ndetse na nyuma yigihe kirekire cyo kuyikoresha, ubuso bwayo burashobora gukomeza kugumya guhanagura neza, kugabanya inshuro zo gufata neza ibikoresho na kalibrasi. Byongeye kandi, granite ifite imiti ihamye kandi ntishobora kwangirika byoroshye nibintu bya acide cyangwa alkaline, bigatuma ibera ahantu hatandukanye h’inganda.
Imyitozo yinganda yagenzuye agaciro kadasanzwe ka granite
Mu rwego rwo gukora semiconductor, ingano ya chip yinjiye mugihe cya nanoscale, kandi ibisabwa neza kubikoresho bya metero ni byinshi cyane. Nyuma yuko uruganda ruzwi cyane rwa semiconductor rwasimbuye ibikoresho byo gupima hamwe nicyuma gikozwe mucyuma hamwe na base ya granite, ikosa ryo gupimwa ryaragabanutse riva kuri mm 5 kugeza kuri ± 0.5μm, naho umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa wiyongereyeho 12%. Mu kirere, ibyogajuru byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bikoreshwa mu kumenya imiterere no kwihanganira imyanya y'ibigize, nyuma yo gufata ibirindiro bya granite, birinda neza kwivanga kwinyeganyeza, kwemeza neza gutunganya neza ibice by'ingenzi nka moteri y'indege hamwe n'amakadiri ya fuselage, kandi bitanga garanti ikomeye ku mutekano no kwizerwa ku bicuruzwa byo mu kirere.

Hamwe nogukomeza kunoza ibisabwa kugirango ibipimo byapimwe neza mu nganda zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zikora inganda, ibishingwe bya granite, hamwe n’ibiranga nano-nini yo kugabanuka hamwe nibikorwa byiza byuzuye, biravugurura ibipimo bya tekiniki byibikoresho byo gupima. Guhindura ibyuma biva muri granite ntabwo ari ukuzamura ibikoresho gusa; ni impinduramatwara yinganda itera tekinoroji yo gupima neza.