Uyu munsi, hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryinganda ziciriritse, igeragezwa rya IC, nkumuhuza wingenzi kugirango imikorere ya chip ikorwe, ubunyangamugayo bwayo kandi butajegajega bigira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye ku musaruro w’ibicuruzwa no guhangana n’inganda. Mugihe ibikorwa byo gukora chip bikomeje gutera imbere bigana kuri 3nm, 2nm ndetse nibindi byinshi byateye imbere, ibisabwa mubice byingenzi mubikoresho byo gupima IC biragenda bikomera. Ibishingwe bya Granite, hamwe nibikoresho byihariye hamwe nibyiza byo gukora, byahindutse "umufatanyabikorwa wa zahabu" wingenzi kubikoresho byo gupima IC. Ni ubuhe buryo bwa tekiniki bwihishe inyuma yibi?
I. "Kudashobora guhangana" by'ibanze gakondo
Mugihe cyibizamini bya IC, ibikoresho bigomba kumenya neza imikorere yamashanyarazi ya chip pin, ubuziranenge bwibimenyetso, nibindi kuri nanoscale. Nyamara, ibyuma gakondo (nkibyuma nicyuma) byagaragaje ibibazo byinshi mubikorwa bifatika.
Ku ruhande rumwe, coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe bwibikoresho byuma biri hejuru cyane, mubisanzwe hejuru ya 10 × 10⁻⁶ / ℃. Ubushyuhe butangwa mugihe cyo gukora ibikoresho byo gupima IC cyangwa guhinduka gake mubushyuhe bwibidukikije birashobora gutera kwaguka gukabije no kugabanuka kwicyuma. Kurugero, uburebure bwa metero 1 z'uburebure bushobora kwaguka no kugabanuka kugera kuri 100μm mugihe ubushyuhe buhindutse kuri 10 ℃. Ihinduka ryibipimo rirahagije kugirango rihuze iperereza ryikizamini hamwe na chip pin, bivamo guhura nabi hanyuma bigatera kugoreka amakuru yikizamini.
Ku rundi ruhande, imikorere idahwitse y’icyuma ikennye, ku buryo bigoye gukoresha vuba ingufu zinyeganyeza zatewe no gukoresha ibikoresho. Mugihe cyo kwipimisha ibimenyetso byihuta cyane, micro-oscillation ikomeza bizana urusaku rwinshi, byongera ikosa ryo gupima ubuziranenge bwibimenyetso birenga 30%. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byicyuma bifite magnetique yoroha cyane kandi bikunda guhuzwa nibimenyetso bya electromagnetique yibikoresho byo kwipimisha, bikaviramo igihombo cya eddy hamwe ningaruka za hystereze, bibangamira ukuri kubipimisho nyabyo.
Ii. "Imbaraga Zikomeye" za Granite Base
Ultimate yumuriro uhagaze, ushiraho urufatiro rwo gupima neza
Granite ikorwa nuruvange rwimyunyu ngugu nka quartz na feldspar binyuze muri ionic na covalent bonds. Coefficient yo kwagura ubushyuhe ni hasi cyane, gusa 0,6-5 × 10⁻⁶ / ℃, ni hafi 1 / 2-1 / 20 yibyo bikoresho byuma. Nubwo ubushyuhe bwahindutse kuri 10 ℃, kwaguka no kugabanuka kwa metero 1 z'uburebure bwa granite ntiri munsi ya 50nm, hafi yo kugera kuri "zeru zeru". Hagati aho, ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa granite ni 2-3 W / (m · K) gusa, munsi ya 1/20 cyibyuma. Irashobora gukumira neza itwarwa ryubushyuhe bwibikoresho, kugumana ubushyuhe bwubuso bwimiterere shingiro, kandi ikemeza ko iperereza ryikizamini hamwe na chip buri gihe bigumana umwanya uhoraho ugereranije.
2. Guhagarika cyane imbaraga zinyeganyeza bitera ibidukikije bihamye
Inenge zidasanzwe za kirisiti hamwe nimbibi zinyerera zinyura muri granite ziha imbaraga zikomeye zo gukwirakwiza ingufu, hamwe nikigereranyo cyo kugabanuka kigera kuri 0.3-0.5, kikaba cyikubye inshuro zirenga esheshatu icyuma. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe bwerekana ko mugihe cyo kunyeganyega kwa 100Hz, igihe cyo kunyeganyega cya granite base ni amasegonda 0.1 gusa, mugihe icyuma gikozwe mucyuma ari amasegonda 0.8. Ibi bivuze ko base ya granite ishobora guhita ihagarika kunyeganyega guterwa nibikoresho gutangira no guhagarika, ingaruka ziva hanze, nibindi, kandi bikagenzura vibration amplitude yikibuga cyibizamini muri mm 1μm, bigatanga garanti ihamye yo guhagarara kwa nanoscale.
3. Kamere isanzwe irwanya magnetiki, ikuraho interineti ya electronique
Granite nigikoresho cya diamagnetic hamwe na magnetiki ishobora kwangirika hafi -10 ⁻⁵. Imbere ya electron imbere ibaho muburyo bubiri bwa chimique kandi ntibishobora na rimwe gukwirakwizwa na magnetiki yo hanze. Muburyo bukomeye bwa magnetiki yumurima wa 10mT, ubukana bwa magnetique yumuriro hejuru ya granite ntabwo iri munsi ya 0.001mT, mugihe iyo hejuru yicyuma giteye hejuru ya 8mT. Uyu mutungo karemano urwanya magnetiki urashobora gukora ibidukikije byo gupima ibikoresho bipima IC, bikarinda kwivanga kwa electromagnetiki yo hanze nka moteri y'amahugurwa n'ibimenyetso bya RF. Irakwiriye cyane cyane mugupima ibintu byunvikana cyane nurusaku rwa electromagnetiki, nka chip ya chip na ADCs / Dacs.
Icya gatatu, gushyira mubikorwa byageze kubisubizo bitangaje
Imikorere yibikorwa byinshi bya semiconductor yerekanye byimazeyo agaciro ka base ya granite. Nyuma yuko uruganda rukora ibizamini bya semiconductor ruzwi cyane ku isi rwemeje granite base murwego rwohejuru rwa 5G rwipimisha chip, rwageze ku bisubizo bitangaje: kuba ikibanza cyerekana ikarita ya probe cyiyongereye kiva kuri ± 5μm kigera kuri mm 1μm, gutandukana kwamakuru yikizamini byagabanutseho 70%, 0.03%. Hagati aho, ingaruka zo guhagarika kunyeganyega ziratangaje. Ibikoresho birashobora gutangira ikizamini udategereje ko kunyeganyega kwangirika, kugabanya ikizamini kimwe cyikigereranyo cya 20% no kongera ubushobozi bwumusaruro wumwaka kuri miriyoni zirenga 3. Byongeye kandi, granite base ifite igihe cyimyaka irenga 10 kandi ntigomba kubungabungwa kenshi. Ugereranije nibyuma, igiciro cyacyo muri rusange kigabanuka hejuru ya 50%.
Icya kane, ihuze niterambere ryinganda kandi uyobore kuzamura tekinoroji yo kugerageza
Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji yapakiye (nka Chiplet) hamwe no kuzamuka kwimirima igaragara nka quantum computing chip, ibisabwa kugirango imikorere yibikoresho mugupima IC bizakomeza kwiyongera. Ibibanza bya Granite nabyo bihora bishya no kuzamura. Binyuze mu kuvura hejuru kugirango bongere imbaraga zo kwambara cyangwa muguhuza hamwe nubutaka bwa piezoelectric ceramics kugirango bagere ku ndishyi zinyeganyega zikora nibindi bintu byateye imbere mu ikoranabuhanga, bagenda berekeza ku cyerekezo cyuzuye kandi cyubwenge. Mu bihe biri imbere, base ya granite izakomeza kurinda udushya mu ikoranabuhanga mu nganda ziciriritse ndetse no guteza imbere ubuziranenge bwa "chipi Chine" hamwe n’imikorere myiza.
Guhitamo granite ishingiro bisobanura guhitamo igisubizo nyacyo, gihamye kandi cyiza cya IC. Niba aribwo buryo bugezweho bwo kugerageza chip cyangwa ubushakashatsi buzaza bwa tekinoroji igezweho, base ya granite izagira uruhare rudasimburwa kandi rukomeye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-15-2025