Kuki ibyuma bipima ubuziranenge bwa granite bikiri ishingiro ritavuguruzwa rya Ultra-Precision Metrology?

Mu gushakisha cyane ubuhanga mu nganda, aho ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu buri kugenda bugabanuka kuva kuri mikorometero kugera kuri nanometero, urwego rw'icyitegererezo rukomeje kuba ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Ishingiro ry'ubuziranenge bwa none—ubuso buturukaho ibipimo byose by'umurongo—ni plate ya granite. By'umwihariko, plate ya granite igenzura neza cyane hamwe n'imiterere yayo, ameza yo kugenzura granite cyangwa ameza y'ubuso ya granite, ikomeje kwiganza, ndetse no mu gihe cy'uburyo bugezweho bwo gupima bwa digitale. Ariko se iki kintu karemano, gisa n'aho cyoroshye gituma kidasimburwa nk' "ingingo ya zeru" mu nganda zisaba cyane ku isi, kuva ku nganda zikora semiconductor kugeza kuri sisitemu za laser zikoresha ingufu nyinshi?

Igisubizo kiri mu guhuza imiterere y’ibikoresho bisanzwe n’ubuhanga buhanitse kandi bugezweho mu gukora ibintu mu myaka ya za mirongo. Mu guhitamo ubuso bw’ingenzi bwo kugenzura neza, ibisabwa birenze ubukana bworoshye. Gukomera, kuramba, no kudahindagurika kw’ubushyuhe ni ingenzi cyane.

Akamaro kadahinduka ka Granite y'umukara ya Premium

Ishingiro ry'igice icyo ari cyo cyose cya granite ikora neza cyane ni ibikoresho fatizo ubwabyo. Bitandukanye na granite isanzwe y'ikijuju cyangwa marble idahindagurika cyane ikunze gukoreshwa n'inganda zidakora cyane, igipimo ngenderwaho cy'inganda cyo kudahindagurika gisaba granite ifite ubucucike bwinshi, imeze nk'umukara.

Urugero, ZHHIMG® Black Granite yihariye yakozwe mu buryo bwa siyansi kugira ngo ikore neza, ifite ubucucike budasanzwe bwa kg 3100/m³. Iyi miterere y’amabuye y’agaciro meza si umubare gusa; ni garanti y’imikorere. Ubucucike bwinshi bufitanye isano itaziguye na modulus ya Young yiyongera, bigatuma ibikoresho bikomeye kandi birwanya cyane imitwaro idahinduka kandi ihindagurika ishyirwa kuri yo. Ubu bucucike bw’ibanze butuma ameza y’ubuso bwa granite agumana ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwihanganira ubugari—rimwe na rimwe kugeza kuri nanometer—ndetse no mu gihe ashyigikira gantries nini zo gupima (CMM) cyangwa ibikoresho biremereye.

Byongeye kandi, ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwa granite hamwe n'ubushobozi buke cyane bwo kwaguka k'ubushyuhe ni ingenzi cyane. Mu byumba byo kugenzura ubushyuhe bigenzurwa, ubuso bw'icyitegererezo bugomba kurwanya impinduka ntoya ziterwa n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe cyangwa kwimura ubushyuhe kuva mu gice kirimo gusuzumwa. Ibikoresho bya ZHHIMG® binyura mu nzira yo gusaza karemano kugira ngo bikureho burundu imihangayiko y'imbere, bikareba ko imiterere y'ikigo ingana kandi bikagaragaza ko irangiye.isahani ya graniteizatanga urwego rwizewe kandi rudafite uburyo bwo guhindagurika mu gihe cy'imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo.

Guhanga "Ingingo ya Zeru": Ubuhanga burenze Gutunganya mu buryo bworoshye

Gukora icyapa cy’igenzura cya granite neza ni ubuhanzi bushingiye ku bumenyi bukomeye, burenze kure ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bwa mbere. Iyi gahunda ikubiyemo imashini nini kandi zigezweho zikorana n’ibikoresho by’ubuhanga bwo gupima, ndetse n’ubuhanga bw’abantu.

Abayobozi b'isi muri uru rwego bakoresha ibikoresho binini kandi bigenzurwa n'ibidukikije. Ameza yo kugenzura granite neza apima toni zirenga 100 kandi afite uburebure bwa metero 20 asaba ibikorwa remezo byihariye. Urugero, gukoresha amahugurwa agenzurwa n'ingufu zigabanya ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe—akenshi arimo sima nini kandi ikomeye hamwe n'imiyoboro irwanya guhindagurika—ni itegeko. Ibi bigabanya urusaku ku bidukikije, bikerekana ko ibyiciro bya nyuma byo gusimbuza intoki n'imashini bikorwa mu bihe bihamye bishoboka.

Uburyo bwo gusya no gusimbuza niho haboneka ubugari bukenewe. Abakora ibikoresho by'ubuhanga bashora imari nyinshi mu mashini nini kandi zikora neza cyane, zishobora gutunganya ibice by'icyuma n'ibitari ibyuma ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'ubuziranenge. Ariko, ndetse n'imashini igezweho cyane ishobora kugera kuri bike gusa. Uburyo bwo gupima neza—micron ya nyuma yo gukosora ubugari—busanzwe bugerwaho n'abanyabukorikori b'abahanga. Aba banyabukorikori, akenshi bafite uburambe bw'imyaka 30 cyangwa irenga, bakoresha ubuhanga bwihariye bwo gusimbuza intoki, bishingikiriza ku bumenyi busanzwe kandi bukoraho kugira ngo bagere ku buhanga bwo gusimbuza imiterere y'ubugari buhuye cyangwa burenze amahame akomeye ku isi, arimo ASME B89.3.7, DIN 876, na JIS B 7510. Ubu buryo bwo gukoraho bw'umuntu, buhindura ibuye rinini rito mu buryo bugaragara nk'aho ari nanometero, ni bwo butandukanya ameza y'ubuso bwa granite.

Inshingano za Metrology: Gukurikirana no Gupima

Mu nganda zikora neza cyane, gupima ni byiza gusa nko gupima ubuso bw'aho bivuze.icyapa cyo kugenzura graniteKugira ngo igenzurwe ku isi yose, igenzura ryayo rigomba kuba ridafite inenge kandi rishobora gukurikiranwa.

Abakora ibintu bakomeye bapima buri gice cy’ubuso bakoresheje ibikoresho bigezweho byo gupima: interferometers za laser, urwego rw’ikoranabuhanga (nk’urwo muri WYLER), n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bifite ubushobozi bwo gupima (nk’ibyo muri Mahr). Ibi bikoresho bipima ubugari muri rusange, gusubiramo neza gusoma, n’itandukaniro ry’aho ubugari buherereye, akenshi bigera kuri metero 0.5 cyangwa zirenga.

Icy'ingenzi ni uko ibikoresho byose bipimisha bigomba gupimwa buri gihe, aho gukurikirana ibintu bigarukira ku bigo mpuzamahanga n'iby'igihugu bipima ibipimo (nka NIST, NPL, cyangwa PTB). Uku gukurikiza amahame ngenderwaho y’ibipimo ngenderwaho ku isi yose ni yo mpamvu ameza yemewe yo kugenzura granite yemerwa ku isi yose nk'amahame ngenderwaho ya zahabu mu byumba byo kugenzura no kugenzura ubuziranenge. Hatabayeho iyi fondasiyo yemejwe kandi ifite nanometer, imikorere y'ibikoresho by'ubuhanga bya miliyoni nyinshi z'amadolari—nk'ibyuma bigezweho bya CMM, sisitemu za semiconductor lithography, na femtosecond laser machines—ntibyashoboka kwemeza.

Granite nk'igice cy'ingenzi cy'imashini

Nubwo ameza y'ubuso bwa granite ari ingenzi cyane nk'igikoresho cyo gupimisha, uruhare rwayo mu miterere y'ibikoresho bigezweho byihuta kandi by'ubuhanga ni ingenzi cyane. Ibice bya granite, ishingiro, n'ibikoresho byasimbuye icyuma gishongeshejwe n'ibindi bikoresho gakondo mu miterere y'imashini zigezweho:

• Kugabanya Kunyeganyega: Imiterere y'imbere ya Granite n'uburemere bwayo bitanga imiterere myiza yo kunyagirwa ugereranije n'icyuma, bikurura neza kunyiganyiga kw'imashini no kwaguka k'ubushyuhe bishobora kwangiza aho ishyirwa muri micro-micron.

• Ubudahangarwa bw'ibipimo: Ku bice by'ingenzi nka sisitemu zitwara umwuka, granite itanga ubudahangarwa bw'igihe kirekire, budashonga, kandi budahindagurika, ni ngombwa mu kubungabunga icyuho cy'umwuka no kuyobora inzira y'umuhanda mu ngendo nini z'imikorere.

• Ubunini n'Uburyohe: Kubera ubushobozi bwo gukora imiterere y'amabuye y'agaciro akomeye, hamwe n'imashini zifite uburebure bwa metero 20, amasahani ya granite ubu ni ibice byihariye, birimo imiyoboro ya T, imigozi, n'ubuso bufite umwuka bukora nk'umugongo w'imiterere y'imirongo yose ikorwa.

Akamaro gahoraho k'ikibaho cya granite gifite ubuhanga buhanitse karagaragara. Si ibisigazwa by'ibipimo gakondo gusa; ni igisubizo gihora gihinduka kandi gikoresha ikoranabuhanga rihanitse, kikaba ari cyo kintu cy'ingenzi mu nganda zikora ibintu byateye imbere ku isi. Uko ibisabwa kugira ngo habeho ubuziranenge bungana bikomeza gukomera, ubuziranenge, kuramba, no kutagira ubugari buhagije bwa granite y'umukara igezweho biracyari ingenzi mu kwemeza ko ubuziranenge, ubwuzuzanye, n'udushya mu nganda zikora neza cyane ku isi.