Ni iki gituma ibyuma bipima umwuka ugenda hejuru y'amazi biba ingenzi mu gupima neza cyane?

Mu rwego rwa optique na metrology, kugera ku bidukikije bihamye kandi bitagira vidiness ni ishingiro ry’ibipimo byizewe. Muri sisitemu zose zikoreshwa muri laboratwari no mu nganda, urubuga rw’umwuka rurembera—ruzwi kandi nka optique vidération isolation table—rugira uruhare runini mu kwemeza ko ibikoresho nka interferometers, laser systems, na coordinated measurements (CMMs) ari byo bipima neza cyane.

Imiterere y'Ubwubatsi bw'Urubuga rw'Ikoranabuhanga

Urubuga rw'amatara rwiza rugizwe n'imiterere y'ibiki by'icyuma gifunze neza, byagenewe gukomera no kudahindagurika mu bushyuhe. Udupande two hejuru n'utwo hasi, akenshi dufite ubugari bwa mm 5, dufatanye n'igice cy'imbere cy'ibiki cy'icyuma gikozwe mu byuma bya mm 0.25, bigakora imiterere ingana kandi idafite aho ihuriye. Iyi miterere igabanya kwaguka no guhindagurika k'ubushyuhe, bigatuma urubuga rugumana ubugari bwarwo nubwo haba hari ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe.

Bitandukanye na aluminiyumu cyangwa ibice by’imbere, imiterere y’icyuma cy’ubuki itanga ubukana buhoraho mu burebure bwacyo bwose, idatera impinduka zidakenewe. Inkuta z’impande nazo zikozwe mu cyuma, bikuraho neza ubushuhe buterwa n’ubukonje—ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mu nyubako zikozwe mu bikoresho bivanze. Nyuma yo kurangiza ubuso no kubusukura mu buryo bwikora, hejuru y’ameza haba hameze neza, bigatanga ubuso bwiza bwo guteranya ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga.

Gupima neza no gusuzuma iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko

Mbere yo kuva mu ruganda, buri puratifomu igenda mu kirere ikorerwamo isuzuma ry’ihindagurika ry’ikirere n’iyubahirizwa ry’amategeko. Inyundo ikoresha imbaraga zigenzurwa ku buso bw’urupapuro mu gihe ibyuma bipima uko ihindagurika ry’ikirere rihagaze. Ibimenyetso bisesengura kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo kumenya ubwinshi bw’ihindagurika ry’ikirere, bigafasha kumenya imikorere y’urupapuro n’uburyo rugaragara.

Ibipimo by'ingenzi cyane bifatwa mu mpande enye z'urubuga, kuko izi ngingo zigaragaza ko ari ikibazo gikomeye cyane mu kubahiriza amategeko. Buri gicuruzwa gihabwa umurongo wihariye w'amategeko n'isuzuma ry'imikorere, bigamije kwerekana neza imiterere y'urubuga. Uru rwego rw'ibizamini rurenze imikorere gakondo y'inganda, bigatuma abakoresha basobanukirwa neza imyitwarire y'urubuga mu bihe nyabyo by'akazi.

Uruhare rwo Kwitandukanya n'Imitingito

Gutandukanya imitingito ni ingenzi mu gushushanya urubuga rw'amajwi. Imitingito ikomoka ku masoko abiri y'ingenzi—iy'inyuma n'iy'imbere. Imitingito yo hanze ituruka ku butaka, nk'ibirenge, imashini zegereye, cyangwa imiterere y'imiterere, mu gihe imitingito yo imbere ituruka ku muvuduko w'umwuka, sisitemu zo gukonjesha, n'imikorere y'igikoresho ubwacyo.

Urubuga rw'umwuka rurembera mu kirere rutandukanya ubwoko bwombi bw'umwuka. Amaguru yarwo ahagarika umwuka akurura kandi agatuma umwuka uhindagurika unyura hasi, mu gihe urwego rw'umwuka rugabanya urusaku rw'imbere mu gisenge ruyungurura urusaku rw'imbere mu mashini. Bifatanyije, bakora urufatiro rutuje kandi ruhamye rutuma ibipimo n'igerageza bigerwaho neza.

Gusobanukirwa inshuro karemano

Buri sisitemu ya mekanike ifite umurongo karemano—umuvuduko ikunda guhinda iyo ihungabanye. Iyi parametre ifitanye isano rya hafi n'uburemere n'ubukomere bwa sisitemu. Muri sisitemu yo guhindagura urumuri, kugumana umurongo karemano uri hasi (ubusanzwe uri munsi ya 2–3 Hz) ni ingenzi cyane, kuko bituma imbonerahamwe itandukanya guhindagura ibidukikije neza aho kubikuza. Uburinganire hagati y'uburemere, ubukomere, no gushonga bugena neza imikorere n'ubudahangarwa bya sisitemu.

Ikoranabuhanga rya Platforme yo Kureremba mu Myaga

Imbuga zigezweho zo mu kirere zishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bya XYZ linear air bearing stages na rotary air bearing platforms. Ishingiro ry'izi sisitemu ni uburyo bwo gutwara umwuka, butanga ingendo zidahinduka zishyigikiwe n'agace gato k'umwuka ufunze. Bitewe n'uburyo ikoreshwa, impuzandengo z'umwuka zishobora kuba zirambuye, zigororotse, cyangwa zizunguruka.

Ugereranyije n'abayobozi b'imirongo ikora ku buryo bwa "mechanical linear guides", "air bearing" itanga uburyo bwo kugenda neza ku rwego rwa micron, ubushobozi bwo gusubiramo ibintu budasanzwe, kandi nta kwangirika kw'imirongo ikora ku buryo bwa "mechanical". Zikoreshwa cyane mu igenzura rya semiconductor, fotoniki, na nanotechnology, aho ubuziranenge bwa sub-micron no guhagarara igihe kirekire ari ngombwa.

Kubungabunga no Kuramba

Kubungabunga urubuga rwo kuzenguruka rw’umwuka w’urumuri ni ikintu cyoroshye ariko ni ngombwa. Guma uhora usukuye kandi nta myanda irimo, kugenzura buri gihe aho umwuka uturuka kugira ngo urebe ko hari ubushuhe cyangwa umwanda, kandi wirinde ingaruka zikomeye ku meza. Iyo ifashwe neza, ameza y’urumuri y’urumuri irashobora gukora neza mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo idasenyuka mu mikorere.