Isuzuma ry'inganda NDT (Isuzuma ritangiza)
NDT y'inganda yerekeza ku buryo butandukanye bwa tekiniki bukoreshwa mu nganda mu gupima, gusuzuma, no gusesengura inenge z'imbere cyangwa iz'ubuso, imiterere y'ibikoresho, cyangwa imiterere y'ibice cyangwa ibikoresho bitagize ingaruka ku kintu cyageragejwe. Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora, mu by'indege, mu ngufu, mu by'ibyuma, mu bwubatsi, no mu zindi nganda kugira ngo harebwe ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa, hirindwe impanuka, kandi bigabanye ikiguzi.
Uburyo Busanzwe bwo Gukoresha NDT mu Nganda:
- Isuzuma rya Ultrasonic (UT)
- Ikoresha amajwi y'urusaku yo hejuru kugira ngo imenye inenge z'imbere (urugero, imiturire, ubucucike) isesengura ibimenyetso byagaragaye.
- Ikwiriye ibikoresho binini n'ibice by'icyuma.
- Isuzuma rya Radiographic (RT)
- Harimo isuzuma rya X-ray na gamma-ray. Ikoresha imirasire ya elegitoroniki (X-rays) kugira ngo yinjire mu bikoresho no gukora amashusho y’imiterere y’imbere kuri firime cyangwa senseri za digitale.
- Ifite akamaro mu gutahura inenge nk'imiturire, ibice bivanze, n'ibidafite akamaro mu gusudira.
- Isuzuma ry'uduce twa Magnetic Particles (MT)
- Ikoresha imbaraga za rukuruzi kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu bikoresho bya ferromagneti. Ubusembwa bwo hejuru cyangwa hafi y'ubuso bugaragazwa n'uduce twa rukuruzi twirundanyije ahantu hafite inenge.
- Ikoreshwa cyane mu gusuzuma ibice by'icyuma.
- Gupima Indwara yo Kunyura mu Gifu (PT)
- Bikubiyemo gushyiramo agakoresho k'amazi gashyira ku buso. Inenge zifata agakoresho gashyira ku buso, hanyuma kagashushanywa hakoreshejwe umuhanga mu by'ubwubatsi kugira ngo hagaragazwe inenge zishobora kwangiza ubuso.
- Bikwiriye ibikoresho bidafite imyenge nk'ibyuma na pulasitiki.
- Ikizamini cya Eddy Current (ET)
- Ikoresha induction ya electromagnetic kugira ngo imenye inenge zo hejuru cyangwa munsi y'ubuso mu bikoresho biyobora amashanyarazi. Impinduka mu miterere y'umugezi wa eddy zigaragaza inenge.
- Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'indege n'iz'imodoka.
X-Ray muri NDT y'inganda
Gupima X-ray ni uburyo bw'ingenzi mu nganda za NDT. Bikoresha X-rays (imirasire ya electromagnetic ifite ingufu nyinshi) kugira ngo bigaragaze imiterere y'imbere y'ibikoresho cyangwa ibice byabyo.
Amahame:
- Imirasire ya X yinjira mu kintu cyapimwe, kandi ubukana bwacyo buragabanuka bitewe n'ubucucike n'ubunini bw'ikintu.
- Inenge (urugero: ubusembwa, imitumba, cyangwa ibintu by'amahanga) bigaragara nk'igicucu cyihariye ku gikoresho cyo gufata amashusho (filime cyangwa icyuma gipima amashusho) bitewe n'umuvuduko utandukanye wo kwinjiza.
Porogaramu:
- Igenzura ry'ubushude
- Gutahura imvange ituzuye, imyenge, cyangwa imvange y'ibice by'amazi mu byuma bisudira.
- Ibice by'indege
- Gusuzuma ibyuma bya turbine, ibice bya moteri, n'ibikoresho bivanze kugira ngo harebwe niba hari inenge zihishe.
- Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge bw'Inganda
- Guharanira ko ibintu bihinduka cyangwa bigakomera binyuze mu kugaragaza inenge z'imbere.
- Igenzura ry'imiyoboro n'ubwato bukoresha ingufu
- Gusuzuma imiterere y'imiyoboro n'ibigega by'amazi nta gusenyagura.
Ibyiza:
- Itanga inyandiko zihoraho z'amashusho (radiographs) kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu nyandiko no mu isesengura rishya.
- Bikwiriye ibikoresho binini n'imiterere y'ijimetero igoye.
- Ishobora kubona inenge zo hejuru n'iz'imbere.
Inzitizi:
- Bisaba ingamba zikomeye zo kwirinda (urugero, kurinda imirasire) bitewe n'ingaruka z'ubuzima ziterwa no kumara igihe kirekire umuntu ahura na zo.
- Nta ngaruka nziza ku bikoresho bifite ubucucike buke (urugero: pulasitiki) keretse hakoreshejwe ubuhanga bwihariye.
- Ibikoresho n'ibiciro by'imikorere biri hejuru ugereranije n'ubundi buryo bwa NDT.
Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi hagati ya NDT na X-Ray Test:
| Igice | NDT y'inganda | Gupima X-Ray (igice cya NDT) |
|---|---|---|
| Aho biherereye | Ikubiyemo uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora (UT, RT, MT, nibindi). | Uburyo bwihariye bwo gukoresha imirasire ya X mu gufata amashusho. |
| Ubwoko bw'inenge | Imenya inenge zo hejuru, hafi y'ubuso, n'iz'imbere. | Mbere na mbere yibasira inenge z'imbere binyuze mu mirasire. |
| Ibikoresho bikwiranye | Ikoreshwa ku bikoresho byose (ferromagnetique, non-ferromagnetique, plastique, nibindi). | Ikora neza ku bikoresho birebire (ibyuma, ibumba); isaba guhindurwa ku bikoresho bifite ubucucike buke. |
Incamake:
Ikoranabuhanga rya NDT mu nganda ni ishami rigari ry’ubuhanga bwo kugenzura budasenya, aho gupima X-ray ari bwo buryo bukomeye bwo gupima. Byombi ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga umutekano w’inganda, kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byizewe, no gutuma habaho kubungabunga vuba mu nzego zitandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-31-2025