Inganda NDT (Ikizamini kidasenya)
Inganda NDT bivuga urutonde rwuburyo bwa tekiniki bukoreshwa mu nganda mu gutahura, gusuzuma, no gusesengura inenge yimbere cyangwa hejuru, ibintu bifatika, cyangwa uburinganire bwimiterere yibigize cyangwa ibikoresho bitarinze kwangiza ikintu cyapimwe. Ikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa, inganda, ikirere, ingufu, metallurgie, ubwubatsi, nizindi nganda kugirango harebwe ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, gukumira impanuka, no kugabanya ibiciro.
Uburyo rusange bwa NDT Inganda:
- Kwipimisha Ultrasonic (UT)
- Koresha amajwi menshi yumurongo wamajwi kugirango umenye inenge zimbere (urugero, ibice, ubusa) ukoresheje ibimenyetso byerekana.
- Bikwiranye nibikoresho binini hamwe nibyuma.
- Ikizamini cya Radiyo (RT)
- Harimo kwipimisha X-na gamma-ray. Koresha imirasire ya electromagnetique (X-imirasire) kugirango yinjire mubikoresho no gukora amashusho yimiterere yimbere kuri firime cyangwa sensor ya digitale.
- Nibyiza mugutahura inenge nkibice, ibishiramo, hamwe nudusembwa.
- Ikizamini cya Magnetique (MT)
- Koresha imirima ya magneti kugirango ikoreshe ibikoresho bya ferromagnetic. Ubuso cyangwa hafi-yubuso bugaragazwa nuduce twa magnetique twegeranya ahantu hafite inenge.
- Bikunze gukoreshwa mugusuzuma ibyuma.
- Kwipimisha Kwinjira (PT)
- Harimo gushira amazi yinjira hejuru. Inenge ikurura penetrant, igahita igaragara ukoresheje umuterimbere kugirango ugaragaze inenge zimena ubuso.
- Bikwiranye nibikoresho bidahwitse nkibyuma na plastiki.
- Ikizamini cya Eddy (ET)
- Koresha amashanyarazi ya electromagnetic kugirango umenye ubuso cyangwa ubuso bwubutaka mubikoresho byayobora. Impinduka muri eddy igezweho yerekana inenge.
- Ikoreshwa cyane mu kirere no mu nganda zitwara ibinyabiziga.
X-Ray mu nganda NDT
Kwipimisha X-ni tekinike yingenzi mu nganda NDT. Ikoresha X-imirasire (imirasire yingufu za electromagnetic imirasire) kugirango igaragaze imiterere yimbere yibikoresho cyangwa ibice.
Amahame:
- X-imirasire yinjira mubintu byageragejwe, kandi ubukana bwabyo buragabanuka ukurikije ubwinshi bwibintu nubunini.
- Inenge (urugero, ubusa, ibice, cyangwa ibintu byamahanga) bigaragara nkigicucu cyihariye kumashusho yerekana amashusho (firime cyangwa disiketi ya digitale) bitewe nigipimo cyinshi cyo kwinjiza.
Porogaramu:
- Kugenzura Weld
- Gutahura fusion ituzuye, porosity, cyangwa slag inclus muri weld.
- Ibigize Ikirere
- Kugenzura ibyuma bya turbine, ibice bya moteri, nibikoresho bikomatanya kubintu byihishe.
- Gukora Ubuziranenge Bwiza
- Kwemeza gukina cyangwa guhimba ubunyangamugayo mugaragaza inenge zimbere.
- Kugenzura imiyoboro hamwe nigitutu
- Gusuzuma uburinganire bwimiterere yimiyoboro na tanki nta gusenya.
Ibyiza:
- Itanga amashusho ahoraho (radiografi) kugirango ibyangombwa bisubirwe.
- Bikwiranye nibikoresho byimbitse hamwe na geometrike igoye.
- Irashobora kumenya ubuso bwimbere ninyuma.
Imipaka:
- Irasaba ingamba zikomeye z'umutekano (urugero, gukingira imirasire) kubera ingaruka zubuzima ziterwa nigihe kirekire.
- Ntabwo bikora neza kubikoresho buke (urugero, plastike) keretse hakoreshejwe ubuhanga bwihariye.
- Ibikoresho byo hejuru nibiciro byo gukora ugereranije nubundi buryo bwa NDT.
Itandukaniro ryingenzi hagati ya NDT na X-Ray Ikizamini:
| Icyerekezo | Inganda NDT | Ikizamini cya X-Ray (Igice cya NDT) |
|---|---|---|
| Umwanya | Harimo tekinike nyinshi (UT, RT, MT, nibindi). | Tekinike yihariye ukoresheje X-imirasire. |
| Ubwoko Bwuzuye | Kumenya ubuso, hafi-yubuso, nudusembwa twimbere. | Ahanini yibasira inenge imbere ikoresheje imirasire. |
| Ibikoresho bikwiranye | Bikoreshwa mubikoresho byose (ferromagnetic, non-ferromagnetic, plastike, nibindi). | Nibyiza kubikoresho byuzuye (ibyuma, ububumbyi); bisaba guhinduka kubikoresho buke. |
Incamake:
Inganda NDT ni umurima mugari wubuhanga bwo kugenzura butangiza, hamwe na X-ray ni uburyo bukomeye bwa radiografiya muri bwo. Byombi ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga umutekano w’inganda, kwemeza ibicuruzwa byizewe, no gufasha kubungabunga ibikorwa mu nzego zitandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-31-2025