Imashini ihuza imashini ihuza ni iki?

AGuhuza imashini yo gupima. Ubwoko butandukanye bwibibazo bikoreshwa muri CMMS, harimo na Mechanical, optique, laser, numucyo wera. Ukurikije imashini, umwanya wibikorwa birashobora kugenzurwa n'intoki n'umukoresha cyangwa bishobora kugenzurwa na mudasobwa. CMMS mubisanzwe sobanura umwanya wa probe mubijyanye no kwimurwa mumwanya werekeza muri sisitemu yo guhuza ibipimo bitatu (ni ukuvuga hamwe na xyz amashoka). Usibye kwimura ikipe kuri X, y, na z amashoka, imashini nyinshi nazo zemerera inguni ya probe kugenzurwa kugirango yemere gupima ubuso bwaba butagerwaho ukundi kubaho.

Ibisanzwe 3d "ikiraro" cmm yemerera kugenda kuri probe kuri axes eshatu, x, y na z, ni orthogonal kuri sisitemu yo guhuza ibice bitatu. Buri axis ifite sensor ikurikirana umwanya wibikorwa kuri axis, mubisanzwe hamwe na micrometero. Iyo uhuza probe (cyangwa ukundi uhari) ahantu runaka kubintu, imashini yitegura sensor eshatu, bityo ipima aho imwe yerekana ikintu hejuru, kimwe na vector ya 3 yigipimo cyafashwe. Iyi nzira irasubirwamo nkuko bikenewe, kwimura ikipe buri gihe, kubyara "igitekerezo" gisobanura ahantu hashimishije.

Gukoresha CMMS ni muburyo bwo gukora no guterana kugirango ugerageze igice cyangwa inteko kurwanya igishushanyo mbonera. Muri ibyo bikorwa, ibicu byateganijwe bisesengurwa binyuze muri Algorithms yo kubaka ibiranga. Izi ngingo zegeranijwe ukoresheje probe ihagaze neza numukoresha cyangwa ihita ikoresheje kugenzura mudasobwa (DCC). CCMS CCS irashobora gutegurwa kugirango ipima inshuro nyinshi; Rero cmm ikora ni uburyo bwihariye bwa robo yinganda.

Ibice

Imashini zo gupima-gupima zirimo ibice bitatu byingenzi:

• Imiterere nyamukuru irimo amashoka atatu yo kugenda. Ibikoresho bikoreshwa mukubaka ikadiri igenda byatandukanye mumyaka. Granite na Steel byakoreshwaga muri Cmm kare. Uyu munsi, abakora bose bakomeye ba CMM batera amakadiri kuva Aluminium cyangwa bakomokamo kandi bagakoresha ceramic kugirango bakongeze ko Z Axis yo koroshya porogaramu. Abamwubatsi bake bmm muri iki gihe bagikora granite Feraf Cmm bitewe nisoko ryimiterere ya Metrologiya inoze kugirango ushireho CMB hanze ya laboratoire nziza. Mubisanzwe gusa Umubumbe wa CMM gusa nabakozi bo murugo mubushinwa nubuhinde biracyakora granite cmm mugihe cyo kwiyongera kwikoranabuhanga muke kandi byinjira byoroshye kuba umwubatsi wa CMM. Urugendo rwo kwiyongera rugana gusikana kandi rusaba Cmm Z kugirango tubane na ceramic na karbide nshya na silicon.
• Sisitemu
• Sisitemu yo gukusanya amakuru no kugabanya - mubisanzwe bikubiyemo umugenzuzi wimashini, mudasobwa ya desktop na software yo gusaba.

Kuboneka

Izi mashini zirashobora guhagarara kubuntu, hafashwe intoki kandi zigendanwa.

Ukuri

Ubusobanuro bwimashini zo gupima imiyoboro mubisanzwe butangwa nkibintu bidashidikanywaho nkigikorwa hejuru. Kuri CMM ukoresheje ipererezaho, ibi bifitanye isano no gusubiramo ingendo nukuri k'umunzani. Ibisanzwe bya Probe birashobora kuva mubipimo byimbere .00mm cyangwa .00005 santimetero (igice cya cumi) hejuru yubunini bwose. Ku ya 3, 3 + 2, nizimwe 5 za Axis, iburanisha risanzwe rihinduka ukoresheje ibipimo ngenderwaho hamwe nimashini yimashini byagenzuwe hakoreshejwe imiyoboro yemeza neza.

Ibice byihariye

Umubiri wa mashini

CMM yambere yateguwe na Ferrantti Company ya Scotland muri za 1950 nkigisubizo cyingenzi gikenewe cyo gupima ibice bya gisirikare bya gisirikare, nubwo iyi mashini yari ifite amashoka 2 gusa. Moderi ya mbere ya mbere yatangiye kugaragara mu myaka ya za 1960 (DEA yo mu Butaliyani) kandi igenzura rya mudasobwa yateye ubwoba mu ntangiriro ya za 70 ariko cmm ya mbere yateguwe kandi igashyirwaho igurisha na Browne & Bwongereza. (Leitz Ubudage nyuma yemereye imiterere ihamye hamwe nimbonerahamwe yimuka.

Mu imashini za none, gantry-ubwoko bwa superttuke itunganije ifite amaguru abiri kandi akenshi yitwa ikiraro. Ibi bigenda kubuntu kumeza ya granite hamwe namaguru umwe (akunze kwitwa ukuguru kwimbere) nyuma ya gari ya moshi ifatanye kuruhande rumwe rwa Granite. Ukuguru kw'amaguru (akenshi ukuguru hanze) biruhukira kumeza ya granite nyuma yubuso bwa vertical. Kwitwa ikirere nuburyo bwatoranijwe bwo kwemeza imigezi yubusa. Muri ibyo, umwuka ufunzwe uhatirwa unyuze murukurikirane rwinzobere ruto cyane cyane kugirango utange imyuka yoroshye ariko igenzurwa aho cmm ishobora kwimukira muburyo bworoshye bushobora kwishyurwa binyuze muri software. Kugenda kw'ikiraro cyangwa gantry kumeza ya granite bigize umurongo umwe windege ya xy. Ikiraro cya gantry kirimo gare zinyura imbere yimbere no hanze no hanze yizindi x cyangwa y horizontal. Umukino wa gatatu wigenda (z axis) utangwa no kongeramo gufunga cyangwa spindle izamuka hejuru yikigo cya gare. Imyitozo yo gukoraho ikora igikoresho cyunvikana kumpera yikumbi. Kugenda kwa x, y na z basobanura neza ibahasha gupima. Imbonerahamwe izenguruka irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango iteze imbere iperereza ripima abakozi bakorana. Imbonerahamwe izunguruka nka axis ya kane itwara icya kane ntabwo izamura ibipimo bipima, bikomeza kuba 3d, ariko bitanga urwego rwo guhinduka. Bamwe bakoraho ibibazo ubwabo bakoresheje ibikoresho bya rotary hamwe ninama ya probe ishoboye swivel inyeganyega mumirongo 180 no kuzenguruka impamyabumenyi yuzuye 360.

Cmms ubu iraboneka muburyo butandukanye. Ibi birimo amaboko ya CMM akoresha ibipimo bya Angular byafashwe ingingo zukuboko kubara umwanya wa stylus, kandi urashobora kumvikana hamwe nibikorwa bya laser scanning na optique. Ibiboko nkibi bikoreshwa kenshi aho ibicuruzwa byabo ari byiza kurenza cmms zidateganijwe, mugupima ibicuruzwa byapimwe, nibipimo byayo, hafi yacyoga gupimwa mugihe gisanzwe. Kuberako intwaro za CMm zigana guhinduka kwukuboko kwabantu bakunze no kugera ku nzego zibice bigoye bidashobora gukenerwa ukoresheje imashini eshatu za axis.

Imashini

Mu minsi ya mbere yo gupima guhuza (CMM), ibigeragezo bya mashini byashyizwe mubyihangana bidasanzwe kumpera ya quill. Ibyingenzi cyane ryakozwe no kugurisha umupira ukomeye kugeza kumpera ya shaft. Iki cyari cyiza cyo gupima urutonde rwose, amashanyarazi cyangwa ubuso bwa sima. Ibindi bikorwa byari bishingiye ku miterere yihariye, urugero umubare wa quadrant, kugirango ushobore gupima ibintu bidasanzwe. Ibi bibazo byafunzwe kumubiri hamwe numwanya wumwanya usomwa kuva kuri 3-axis disout (dro) cyangwa, muri sisitemu yateye imbere, yinjiye muri mudasobwa hakoreshejwe inyemezabute cyangwa ibikoresho bisa. Ibipimo byafashwe nubu buryo bwo gutumanaho akenshi ntabwo bwizewe nkuko imashini zakozwe n'intoki kandi buri mukoresha wakoresheje imashini itandukanye kuri probe cyangwa yemejwe muburyo butandukanye bwo gupima.

Iterambere ryinshi niho kwiyongera kwa moteri yo gutwara buri axis. Abakora ntibagisangiye ku mubiri ariko bashobora gutwara buri axis ukoresheje agasanduku k'ibintu hamwe na joysticks muburyo bumwe nko kumodoka igenzurwa na kure. Gupima neza kandi ubusobanuro bwateye imbere cyane hamwe no guhanga ikorana rya elegitoroniki gukoraho. Umupayiniya w'iki gikoresho gishya cya Probes ni David Mcmurtry wahise arema iki kuri renishaw PLC. Nubwo bikiri igikoresho cyo guhuza, Iperereza ryagize umupira wuzuye ibyuma (nyuma ya ruby ​​umupira) stylus. Nkuko probe yakoze ku buso bwibigize styluel yatandukanijwe kandi icyarimwe yohereje x, y, za guhuza amakuru kuri mudasobwa. Amakosa yo gupima yatewe nabashinzwe kugiti cyabo yabaye make kandi stage yashyizweho kugirango ntamenyereye ibikorwa bya CNC no kuza k'amafaranga ya CMM.

Ibibazo bya Optique ni Lens-CCD-sisitemu, byimuwe nkubukanishi, kandi kigamije gushishikarira, aho gukora ku bikoresho. Ishusho yafashwe yubuso izazikingirwa kumupaka widirishya ripima, kugeza igihe ibisigisigi bihagije byo gutandukanya hagati yumukara na zone zera. Kugabana kugabanyirizwa birashobora kubarwa kugeza aho, niyo ngingo ishakishwa mu kirere. Amakuru atambitse kuri CCD ni 2D (XY) hamwe numwanya uhagaritse numwanya wa sisitemu yuzuye kuri stay kuri Z-Drive (cyangwa ibindi bikoresho).

Sikana sisitemu ya Probe

Hano haribintu bishya bifite iperereza kuri hejuru yikigice gifata ingingo kumanterabwoba, bizwi nka scanning. Ubu buryo bwo kugenzura CMM bukunze kuba busobanutse kuruta uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoraho hamwe nigihe kinini.

Igisekuru kizaza cyo gusikana, kizwi nka scanning idashidikanywaho, kirimo umuvuduko mwinshi wa trisence point, scanning yumurongo wa laser scannilation, kandi urumuri rwa laser Ubu buryo bukoresha ibiti bya laser cyangwa itara ryera biteganijwe ko bitandukanijwe. Ingingo ibihumbi n'ibihumbi birashobora gufatwa kandi ugakoreshwa gusa kugirango urebe gusa ingano numwanya, ahubwo urema ishusho ya 3d nayo. Iyi "-igicu-igicu" irashobora kwimurirwa muri software ya cad kugirango ikore icyitegererezo cya 3D ikora igice. Izi scaneri optique zikoreshwa kenshi mubice byoroshye cyangwa byoroshye cyangwa byorohereza intangaruganda.

MicromeTulogiya ikorwa

Kugerageza sisitemu ya microscale porogaramu ni ikindi gice kigaragara. Hariho imashini nyinshi zishinzwe gupima imashini zipima (CMM) zifite microprobe ihuriweho na sisitemu, sisitemu yihariye kuri laboratoire ya leta, hamwe numubare wose wubatswe na Metrologiya Yubatswe muri Mecroscale Metrologiya. Nubwo izi mashini ari nziza kandi mubihe byinshi byerekanaga metrology nziza hamwe numunzani wa Nanometric, imbogamizi zabo zibanze nicyizere cyizewe, gikomeye, gikomeye, gikwiye.^{[Ibitekerezo byari bikenewe]}Inzitizi za microscale igerageza ibikorwa bikubiyemo ibipimo bigezweho byerekana uburyo bwo guha ubushobozi bwo kugera ku bushobozi bwo kugera ku bushobozi bwo kugera ku bushobozi bworoshye, bugufi hamwe n'imbaraga nkeya kugira ngo bitangiza ubuso no kugena neza (Urwego rwa Nanometer).^{[Ibitekerezo byari bikenewe]}Byongeye kandi microscale irashobora kwibasirwa nibidukikije nkubushuhe no gukora imikoranire yubuso nkabishishwa (biterwa no gusohora, men der ibisambo byimbaraga mubindi).^{[Ibitekerezo byari bikenewe]}

Tekinoroji yo kugera kubikorwa bya microscale harimo verisiyo yagabanijwe ya Cmm Ibikorwa, IBIKORWA BYA OPTICA, N'IGIKORWA CY'IGIHE CYIZA Mubandi. Nyamara, tekinoroji ya optique ntishobora gutesha agaciro gutya bihagije kugirango upime ibintu byimbitse, bigufi, kandi ibyemezo bya optique bigarukira ku burebure bwumucyo. X-ray imaging itanga ishusho yibiranga ariko nta makuru akurikira.

Amahame yumubiri

Ibibazo bya Optique na / cyangwa laser probes birashobora gukoreshwa (niba bishoboka muburyo bwo guhuza), bihindura cmm kugirango dusuzume microscopes cyangwa imashini zipima imashini. Sisitemu ya projection ya Fringe, sisitemu yo muri triangution cyangwa sisitemu ya laser na triandations ntabwo byitwa imashini zo gupima, ariko ibisubizo bipima ni bimwe: Umwanya. Ibibazo bya laser bikoreshwa mukumenya intera iri hagati yubuso hamwe ningingo yerekana urunigi rwa kinematic (ni ukuvuga: iherezo ryibice bya Z-Drive). Ibi birashobora gukoresha imikorere yinyuma, itandukaniro ryibanze, gutandukana byoroshye cyangwa ihame rya cyera.

Imashini zifata ibyemezo-gupima

Mugihe cmm gakondo zikoresha probe yimuka kuri charsian eshatu kugirango ukoreshe ibintu biranga umubiri, imikoreshereze ya CMMS ikoresha uburyo bwiza bwo kuriganya cyangwa gukora ubwisanzure bwa optique no gukora ubwisanzure bwo kugenda.

CMMS PMM hamwe namaboko asobanutse afite amashoka atandatu cyangwa irindwi afite ibikoresho bya rowrike, aho kuba inshinga yumurongo. Intwaro igendanwa ni yoroheje (mubisanzwe munsi ya pound 20) kandi irashobora gutwarwa kandi ikoreshwa hafi ya hose. Ariko, CMM za Optique ziragenda zikoreshwa mu nganda. Yagenewe umurongo wuzuye cyangwa matrix kamera ya arrix (nka Microsoft kinect), CMM za Optique ni nto kuruta cmm yimukanwa, ibiranga nta nsinga byoroshye ibintu byose byibintu biherereye ahantu hose.

Porogaramu zimwe na zimwe zidahwitse nko guhinduranya amakuru, byihuse, kandi ubugenzuzi bunini bwibice byibice byose bikwiranye na cmm igendanwa. Inyungu za CMM zigendanwa ni miltifeold. Abakoresha bafite guhinduka mugufata 3D gupima ibintu byose nibice bya kure / bigoye. Biroroshye gukoresha kandi ntibisaba ibidukikije bigenzurwa kugirango bifate neza. Byongeye kandi, cmms zigendanwa zikunda kugura munsi ya cmm gakondo.

Ubucuruzi busanzwe bwa cmms igendanwa ni imikorere yingirakamaro (burigihe bisaba umuntu kubikoresha). Byongeye kandi, ukuri kwabo muri rusange birashobora kuba byiza cyane kurenza ibyanditse Bridge Cmm kandi ntibikwiriye kubisabwa.

Imashini zo gupima loseser

Ikoranabuhanga rya CMM rikondo dukoresheje ibibazo byo gukoraho ni iki gihe bikunze guhuzwa nizindi ikoranabuhanga. Ibi birimo laser, videwo cyangwa sensor yera kugirango itange igipimo kizwi nkigipimo cya Mulsesment.