Ni izihe nzira zikoreshwa mu gukora imitako ya granite kandi ni ubuhe buryo bworoshye bwo kuyigeraho?

I. Uburyo bwo gukora Granite Straightedge
Gusuzuma no gukata ibikoresho fatizo
Ibipimo byo guhitamo ibikoresho: Granite nziza cyane ifite ubucucike bwa ≥2.7g/cm³ n'igipimo cyo kwinjiza amazi cya < 0.1% (nk'"Jinan Green" yo muri Shandong na "Black Gold Sand" yo mu Buhinde) bigomba gutoranywa. Uduce tw'amabuye y'agaciro tugomba kuba dusa (uduce twa quartz ≤2mm), tudafite imyenge n'imyenge, kandi amabuye y'ubusembwa ahishwe agomba gukurwaho binyuze mu gupima ubusembwa bwa X-ray.
Gukata nabi: Koresha urukero ruzengurutse rwa diyama kugira ngo ukate ahantu hadakoreshejwe ikintu gifite ubunini bwa mm 5-10 ugereranije n'ingano y'igicuruzwa cyarangiye. Ikosa ry'ubuso butoshye bw'aho gukata rigomba kugenzurwa muri mm ± 0.5.
2. Kuvura gusaza
Gusaza karemano: Shyira umubiri w'icyatsi kibisi mu kirere mu gihe cy'amezi 6 kugeza kuri 12. Binyuze mu itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe hagati y'amanywa na nijoro n'impinduka mu bushyuhe, hejuru ya 90% by'ingufu z'imbere zirarekurwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibintu byahinduka mu gihe cya nyuma.
Gusaza kw'ubukorano (ni ngombwa): Bamwe mu bakora ibikoresho bakoresha itanura rikoresha ubushyuhe buhoraho (100-150℃) mu gihe cy'amasaha 24 kugira ngo bihutishe irekurwa ry'imihangayiko, rikwiriye gutumiza ibintu byihutirwa, ariko ingaruka ziba nkeya ugereranyije n'izakoreshejwe mu gusaza bisanzwe.
3. Gusya no gutunganya ubuso mu buryo bufatika
Gusya no gushushanya mu buryo bukabije: Koresha ipine ya diyama ifite mesh 200-400 kugira ngo usya ahantu hadakoreshejwe, ukureho imirongo yo gukata, ukosore ubugari kuva kuri ± 0.5mm kugeza kuri ± 0.1mm/m (100μm/m), hanyuma umenye ubuso bw'aho bugarukira.
Gutunganya ubuso budakora: Gusiga irangi ku ruhande no hasi (nk'irisasisha irangi rirwanya ingese) kugira ngo hirindwe ko impande zicika no kwaguka k'ubushuhe.

4. Gusya neza (uburyo bw'ibanze)
Gusimbuka neza bigerwaho binyuze mu gusya mu buryo bw'urwego, bigabanyijemo ibyiciro bitatu:

Gusya nabi: Koresha imashini 400-800 zikoresha mesh abrasives (silicon carbide cyangwa diyama micro-powder) hamwe n'urubuga rwo gusya rwa granite kugira ngo ukosore ubugari bwabyo bugere kuri ± 10μm/m, hamwe n'ubugari bwa Ra≤0.8μm.
Gusya neza: Binyuze mu guhindura ibyuma bigabanya ubushyuhe bya mesh 1200-2000 no kubihuza n'urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga (ubuziranenge ± 1μm/m) kugira ngo bigenzurwe mu buryo bwihuse, ubugari bwazamuwe bugera kuri ± 3μm/m, kandi ubugari bw'ubuso bwa Ra ni ≤0.4μm.
Gusya neza cyane (ingenzi ku bikoresho bigezweho): Ukoresheje ifu nto ya W10-W5 (ingano y'uduce 5-10μm) n'amazi yo gusya hakoreshejwe imiti, binyuze mu bikorwa bibiri bya "gusya hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga + kwangirika kw'imiti", ubugari bwa nyuma bushobora kugera kuri ± 1μm/m, n'ubugari bw'ubuso bwa Ra≤0.2μm.
5. Gutahura no gukosora neza
Ibikoresho byo gupima: Interferometer ya laser (ubuziranenge ± 0.1μm) n'urwego rwa elegitoroniki (resolution 0.001mm/m) bikoreshwa mu gupima ubugari n'ubugororangingo mu buryo bwuzuye, no gushushanya ikarita yo gukwirakwiza amakosa.
Gukosora mu buryo bufunze: Hashingiwe ku makuru yo gupima, gusya by'inyongera bikorwa ku gace gafite amakosa menshi binyuze mu mashini isya ya CNC kugeza igihe ikosa ryuzuye rigenzurwa mu rugero rw'intego.
6. Kurinda no gupfunyika hejuru y'ubutaka
Uburyo bwo kurinda: Siga agakoresho ka silica gapima ubunini bwa nano-scale (ubugari bwa 5-10μm) ku buso bw'ibanze, hanyuma ushyireho agace k'isukari gakingira ingese ku buso budakora kugira ngo wirinde ko amazi yakwinjira cyangwa akangirika mu gihe kirekire.
Gupfunyika neza: Bipakiye mu dusanduku tw'ibiti tudahungabana hamwe n'imiti igabanya ubushyuhe. Mu gihe cyo gutwara, itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe rigenzurwa muri ± 5℃ kugira ngo hirindwe ko ubushyuhe bugabanuka bitewe no guhindagura.
Ii. Impamyabushobozi yo hejuru y’ubuziranenge n’amahame ngenderwaho mu nganda
Ubuziranenge bwa granite straightedge bushingiye ku ikosa ry’ubugari nk'igipimo cy'ibanze. Dukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho by'igihugu (GB/T 4977-2018) n'ibipimo ngenderwaho mpuzamahanga (ISO 2768-2), amanota y'ubuziranenge bwayo n'ibipimo bijyana nayo ni ibi bikurikira:

Laboratwari zikomeye zishobora kugera ku buziranenge busesuye:
Binyuze mu buryo bwo gusya bwa nano-scale (nk'ubuhanga bwo gusya bwa magneorheological na modification ya ion beam), ubugari bwa bimwe mu bicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bushobora gucibwamo ibice kugeza kuri ± 0.5μm/m (ni ukuvuga ko ikosa kuri metero imwe ritarenga mikorometero 0.5), ryerekeza ku rugero rw'ikirere cy'ikoranabuhanga. Bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bihe bisobanutse neza cyane nko mu bigo bishinzwe iby'indege n'ibipimo.

Iii. Kugereranya Ibintu Bigira Ingaruka ku Kutabera

Incamake: Ubuhanga bwo hejuru bwa granite straightedge bushingiye ku kugenzura byuzuye "ibikoresho fatizo byiza + gusaza cyane + gusya neza + ibidukikije bikomeye", muri byo inzira yo gusya ikaba ari yo shingiro ry'iterambere mu buhanga. Hamwe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga rya nanofabrication, ubuhanga bwayo buri kugenda butera imbere buhoro buhoro bugana ku rwego rwa sub-micron kandi bwabaye igikoresho cy'ingenzi kidasimburwa mu rwego rw'inganda zigezweho.