Ni izihe mbogamizi za granite mu nganda za semiconductor?

Nubwo granite ari kimwe mu bikoresho by'ingenzi, imiterere yayo nayo izana imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe. Izi zikurikira ni ingaruka mbi n'imbogamizi zikomeye mu mikoreshereze yayo:
Ubwa mbere, ibikoresho biracikagurika cyane kandi biragoye kubitunganya
Ingaruka zo gucika: Granite ni ibuye karemano rifite uduce duto tw’umwimerere n’imipaka y’utunyangingo tw’amabuye y’agaciro imbere, kandi ni ibikoresho bisanzwe byoroshye gucika. Mu mikorere igezweho cyane (nk’imashini isya nanoscale no gutunganya ubuso bugoye), iyo imbaraga zidahuye cyangwa ibipimo byo gutunganya bidakwiye, ibibazo nko gucika no gukwirakwiza uduce duto tw’amabuye y’agaciro bikunze kubaho, bigatuma igikoresho gicika.

Ubushobozi buke bwo gutunganya: Kugira ngo hirindwe kuvunika kw'ingufu, hakenewe uburyo bwihariye nko gusya vuba cyane hakoreshejwe amapine yo gusya ya diyama no gusiga icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa magnetorheological. Igihe cyo gutunganya ibikoresho by'icyuma ni kirekire kuva kuri 30% kugeza kuri 50%, kandi ikiguzi cy'ishoramari ry'ibikoresho ni kinini (urugero, igiciro cy'ikigo cy'imashini gihuza ibikoresho bitanu kirenga miliyoni 10 z'amayuan).
Inzitizi zigoye mu miterere: Biragoye gukora inyubako zoroheje zidafite aho ziboshye binyuze mu gucukura, gucura no mu zindi nzira. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu miterere yoroheje ya geometrike nk'amasahani n'ibice by'ibanze, kandi ikoreshwa ryayo ni rike mu bikoresho bisaba inkunga idahwitse cyangwa guhuza imiyoboro y'imbere.
Icya kabiri, ubucucike bwinshi butuma ibikoresho biremereye cyane
Kuyifata no kuyishyiraho biragoye: Ubucucike bwa granite buri hagati ya 2.6-3.0 g/cm³, kandi uburemere bwayo bungana n'inshuro 1.5-2 z'icyuma gishongeshejwe munsi y'ingano imwe. Urugero, uburemere bw'ishingiro rya granite ku mashini ikora fotolithography bushobora kugera kuri toni 5 kugeza kuri 10, bigasaba ibikoresho byabugenewe byo guterura n'ishingiro ridashobora guhungabana, ibyo byongera ikiguzi cyo kubaka uruganda no gushyira ibikoresho mu nganda.
Gutinda cyane mu gusubiza: Uburemere bwinshi bugabanya kwihuta kw'ibice by'ibikoresho byimuka (nk'amarobo yo kohereza wafer). Mu bihe aho bisaba gutangira no guhagarara byihuse (nk'ibikoresho byo kugenzura byihuse), bishobora kugira ingaruka ku muvuduko w'umusaruro no kugabanya imikorere.
Icya gatatu, ikiguzi cyo gusana no gusubiramo ibintu ni kinini
Inenge ziragoye gusana: Iyo habayeho kwangirika cyangwa kwangirika k'ubuso mu gihe cyo gukoresha, bigomba gusubizwa mu ruganda kugira ngo bisanwe hakoreshejwe ibikoresho by'umwuga byo gusya, bidashobora gukemurwa vuba aho byakorewe. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ibice by'icyuma bishobora gusanwa ako kanya hakoreshejwe uburyo nko gusudira ahantu hatandukanye no gusigwa hakoreshejwe laser, bigatuma igihe cyo gukora kigabanuka.
Ihindagurika ry’imiterere y’igishushanyo mbonera ni rirerure: Itandukaniro riri hagati y’imitsi karemano ya granite rishobora gutera ihindagurika rito mu miterere y’ibikoresho (nk’ikigereranyo cyo kwaguka k’ubushyuhe n’ikigereranyo cyo kudakama) by’amatsinda atandukanye. Iyo imiterere y’ibikoresho ihindutse, imiterere y’ibikoresho igomba kongera guhuzwa, kandi igihe cyo kugenzura ubushakashatsi n’iterambere kikaba kirekire ugereranyije.
Iv. Umutungo muke n'imbogamizi ku bidukikije
Amabuye karemano ntabwo ashobora kuvugururwa: Granite nziza cyane (nka "Jinan Green" na "Sesame Black" ikoreshwa mu byuma bipima imirasire) ikoresha imiyoboro yihariye, ifite ububiko buke kandi ubucukuzi bwayo bugengwa na politiki yo kurengera ibidukikije. Mu gihe inganda zipima imirasire zigenda ziyongera, hashobora kubaho ibyago byo kutaboneka kw'ibikoresho fatizo bidakora neza.
Ibibazo byo gutunganya umwanda: Mu gihe cyo gukata no gusya, hakorwa ivumbi ryinshi rya granite (ririmo dioxyde silikoni). Iyo ridafashwe neza, rishobora gutera silicosis. Byongeye kandi, amazi yanduye agomba kuvurwa no gusigwa mbere yo kuyasohora, bityo ishoramari ryo kurengera ibidukikije rikongera.
Icya gatanu. Kudahuza neza n'ibikorwa bishya
Inzitizi ku bidukikije by’imyanda: Hari uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwo gukoresha imashini zikora isuku (nk’imashini zikora isuku n’imashini zikora isuku) busaba ko habaho isuku nyinshi imbere mu bikoresho. Ariko, utunyangingo duto turi ku buso bwa granite dushobora kwinjirira imyuka, ikagenda irekurwa buhoro buhoro kandi ikagira ingaruka ku buryo isuku y’imyanda ikomeza. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa kongera uburyo bwo kongera ubucucike bw’imyanda (nk’imashini zikora isuku n’isukura).
Ibibazo byo guhuza amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi: Granite ni ibikoresho bikingira ubushyuhe. Mu bihe bikenewe ko habaho gusohora amashanyarazi adahindagurika cyangwa gukingira amashanyarazi (nk'ibikoresho byo gusiga amashanyarazi adahindagurika), irangi ry'icyuma cyangwa filime ziyobora amashanyarazi bigomba kongerwamo imbaraga, bigatuma imiterere y'amashanyarazi n'ikiguzi byiyongereye.
Ingamba zo guhangana n'inganda
Nubwo hari inenge zavuzwe haruguru, inganda zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor zakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo zigere ku ntege nke za granite binyuze mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga:

Imiterere y'imiterere y'ibice: Ikoresha uburyo bwo guhuza "umusemburo wa granite + icyuma", hibandwa ku gukomera no ku bworoheje (urugero, uruganda runaka rukora imashini ikora fotolithography rushyira imiterere y'ibishishwa bya aluminiyumu mu musemburo wa granite, bigabanura uburemere bwabyo ho 40%).
Ibikoresho bya sintetike: Gukora ibivanze bya sintetike bya ceramic (nk'ibivanze bya silikoni) n'amabuye y'ubukorikori ashingiye kuri epoxy resin kugira ngo bigane uburyo ubushyuhe buhagaze neza kandi bugatuma granite idahindagurika, ariko nanone bikongera ubushobozi bwo gutunganya ibintu.
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya ibintu mu buryo bw'ubwenge: Mu gushyiraho algorithme za AI kugira ngo zinoze inzira yo gutunganya ibintu, simulation y'imihangayiko kugira ngo hamenyekane ingaruka zo gucika kw'amagufwa, no guhuza uburyo bwo kubona ibintu kuri interineti kugira ngo hakosorwe ibipimo mu gihe nyacyo, igipimo cy'ibisigazwa byo gutunganya ibintu cyagabanutse kuva kuri 5% kigera munsi ya 1%.
Incamake
Intege nke za granite mu nganda za semiconductor zikomoka ku mukino uri hagati y’imiterere y’ibikoresho byayo karemano n’ibyo inganda zikenera. Bitewe n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga n’iterambere ry’ibikoresho bisimbura ibindi, uburyo ikoreshwamo bushobora kugenda bugabanuka buhoro buhoro ku "bice by’ingenzi bidasimburwa" (nk'imiyoboro y’amazi iyobora imashini zikoresha fotolithography n’ibikoresho bipima neza cyane), mu gihe buhoro buhoro biha umwanya ibikoresho byoroshye byo mu ikoranabuhanga mu bice by’imiterere bitari iby’ingenzi. Mu gihe kizaza, uburyo bwo kuringaniza imikorere, ikiguzi n’uburambe bizaba ingingo inganda zikomeje gusuzuma.