Ni izihe nyungu z'ikigo cy'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro gikoresha amabuye y'agaciro?
Amabuye y'agaciro (granite ikozwe n'abantu izwi nka sima ya resin) amaze imyaka irenga 30 yemewe mu nganda zikora ibikoresho by'imashini nk'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi.
Dukurikije imibare, mu Burayi, imashini imwe muri 10 zikoresha imashini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro nk'uburyo bwo kuyiziba. Ariko, gukoresha ubunararibonye butari bwo, amakuru atuzuye cyangwa atari yo bishobora gutera gukeka no kwanga imashini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro. Kubwibyo, mu gihe cyo gukora ibikoresho bishya, ni ngombwa gusesengura ibyiza n'ibibi byazo no kubigereranya n'ibindi bikoresho.
Ishingiro ry'imashini z'ubwubatsi muri rusange rigabanyijemo icyuma gishongeshejwe, gucukura amabuye y'agaciro (polimeri na/cyangwa sima ikoreshwa mu gucukura), icyuma/imiterere yasutswe (gucukura/kudacukura) n'amabuye karemano (nk'amabuye ya granite). Buri gikoresho gifite imiterere yacyo, kandi nta gikoresho cyuzuye cy'ubwubatsi. Gusa gusuzuma ibyiza n'ibibi by'igikoresho hakurikijwe ibisabwa byihariye by'ubwubatsi, ni byo bishobora gutoranywamo ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi byiza.
Imirimo ibiri y'ingenzi y'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi—igenzura imiterere y'ibice, aho biherereye n'uburyo bikuramo ingufu, ishyira imbere ibisabwa mu mikorere (imikorere idahinduka, ihindagurika n'iy'ubushyuhe), ibisabwa mu mikorere/imiterere (ukuri, uburemere, ubugari bw'inkuta, koroshya inzira z'ubuyobozi) mu gushyiraho ibikoresho, sisitemu yo kuzenguruka, ubwikorezi) n'ibisabwa mu kiguzi (igiciro, ingano, kuboneka, imiterere ya sisitemu).
I. Ibisabwa mu mikorere y'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi
1. Ibiranga imiterere idahindagurika
Igipimo ngenderwaho cyo gupima imiterere idahinduka y'ishingiro akenshi ni ubukana bw'ibikoresho—guhinduka guke cyane munsi y'umutwaro, aho kuba imbaraga nyinshi. Ku bijyanye no guhindagurika kudahinduka, amabuye y'agaciro ashobora gufatwa nk'ibikoresho bihuye bya isotropic bikurikiza itegeko rya Hooke.
Ubucucike n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gukaraba kw'amabuye y'agaciro ni 1/3 cy'iby'icyuma gishongeshejwe. Kubera ko amabuye y'agaciro n'ibyuma bishongeshejwe bifite ubukana bumwe, munsi y'uburemere bumwe, ubukana bw'ibyuma bishongeshejwe n'amabuye y'agaciro ni bumwe hatabayeho gusuzuma ingaruka z'imiterere. Kenshi na kenshi, ubunini bw'urukuta rw'amabuye y'agaciro akenshi buba inshuro eshatu z'ubw'ibyuma bishongeshejwe, kandi iyi miterere ntabwo izateza ibibazo mu bijyanye n'imiterere y'ibikoresho cyangwa ibyuma bishongeshejwe. Amabuye y'agaciro akwiriye gukoreshwa ahantu hatameze neza hafite umuvuduko (urugero: ibitanda, inkingi, inkingi) kandi ntabwo akwiriye nk'inkingi nto cyangwa ndende (urugero: ameza, amapaleti, ibikoresho bihinduranya ibikoresho, amagare, inkingi zo kuzunguruka). Uburemere bw'ibice by'imiterere bukunze kugabanywa n'ibikoresho by'inganda zishongesheje amabuye y'agaciro, kandi ibicuruzwa bishongesheje amabuye y'agaciro birenza toni 15 muri rusange ni gake cyane.
2. Ibiranga imiterere
Uko umuvuduko wo kuzenguruka cyangwa kwihuta k'umugozi, ni ko imikorere y'imashini iba ikomeye. Gushyira ibintu mu mwanya wabyo vuba, gusimbuza ibikoresho vuba, no gukoresha umuvuduko mwinshi bikomeza kongera imbaraga mu gukurura no gukurura ibice by'imashini. Uretse imiterere y'ibice, guhindagurika, gukwirakwira kw'ibice, no gukomera kw'ibice bibigiramo ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere y'ibikoresho.
Gukoresha amabuye y'agaciro bitanga igisubizo cyiza kuri ibi bibazo. Kubera ko bikurura imitingito inshuro 10 kurusha icyuma gisanzwe, bishobora kugabanya cyane ubwinshi bw'amazi n'umuvuduko w'amazi karemano.
Mu bikorwa byo gutunganya nk'imashini, bishobora kuzana ubwiza bwo hejuru, ubwiza bw'ubuso, no kumara igihe kirekire ibikoresho. Muri icyo gihe, mu bijyanye n'ingaruka z'urusaku, imashini zitunganya amabuye y'agaciro nazo zakoze neza binyuze mu kugereranya no kugenzura ibirindiro, imashini zitunganya n'ibikoresho bitandukanye bya moteri nini na centrifuge. Dukurikije isesengura ry'urusaku rw'ingaruka, imashini zitunganya amabuye y'agaciro zishobora kugabanya igipimo cy'umuvuduko w'amajwi ku kigero cya 20%.
3. Imiterere y'ubushyuhe
Impuguke zivuga ko hafi 80% by'ihindagurika ry'ibikoresho by'imashini biterwa n'ingaruka z'ubushyuhe. Inzitizi z'imikorere nko gushyushya imbere cyangwa hanze, gushyushya mbere, guhindura ibikoresho by'akazi, nibindi byose ni impamvu z'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe. Kugira ngo ubashe guhitamo ibikoresho byiza, ni ngombwa gusobanura ibisabwa mu bikoresho. Ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bituma amabuye y'agaciro agira ubushyuhe bukabije ku bushyuhe bw'igihe gito (nk'ihindagurika ry'ibikoresho by'akazi) n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere. Niba hakenewe gushyushya vuba nk'igitanda cy'icyuma cyangwa ubushyuhe bw'igitanda bubujijwe, ibikoresho bishyushya cyangwa bikonjesha bishobora gutabwa mu gikoresho cy'amabuye y'agaciro kugira ngo bigenzure ubushyuhe. Gukoresha ubwoko bw'igikoresho cyo kwishyura ubushyuhe bishobora kugabanya ihindagurika riterwa n'ingaruka z'ubushyuhe, bifasha kunoza uburyohe ku giciro cyiza.
II. Ibisabwa mu mikorere n'imiterere
Ubuziranenge ni ikintu gitandukanya amabuye y'agaciro n'ibindi bikoresho. Ubushyuhe ntarengwa bwo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro ni 45°C, kandi hamwe n'ibikoresho n'ibikoresho bikozwe neza cyane, ibice n'amabuye y'agaciro bishobora gucukurwa hamwe.
Uburyo bwo kongera gushushanya bugezweho bushobora kandi gukoreshwa ku bintu bidafite aho biboherwa mu gushushanya amabuye y'agaciro, bigatuma habaho gushyiraho neza no gushyiramo ibyuma bidasaba imashini. Kimwe n'ibindi bikoresho by'ibanze, gushushanya amabuye y'agaciro bigengwa n'amategeko yihariye y'imiterere y'inyubako. Ubunini bw'urukuta, ibikoresho bitwara imizigo, ibikoresho byo gushyira mu mbago, uburyo bwo gupakira no gupakurura byose bitandukanye n'ibindi bikoresho ku rugero runaka, kandi bigomba gusuzumwa mbere y'igihe mu gihe cyo gushushanya.
III. Ibisabwa ku giciro
Nubwo ari ngombwa kubitekerezaho ukurikije ikoranabuhanga, ingirakamaro ku kiguzi kirimo kugaragaza akamaro kabyo. Gukoresha amabuye y'agaciro bituma abahanga mu by'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bazigama amafaranga menshi yo gukora no gukoresha. Uretse kuzigama amafaranga menshi yo gukora, gucukuzi, guteranya burundu, no kongera ikiguzi cyo gutwara ibintu (ububiko n'ubwikorezi) byose biragabanuka uko bikwiye. Urebye imikorere yo hejuru y'amabuye y'agaciro, bikwiye gufatwa nk'umushinga wose. Mu by'ukuri, ni byiza kugereranya ibiciro iyo ishingiro rishyizweho cyangwa rishyizweho mbere. Igiciro cy'ibanze kiri hejuru ni ikiguzi cy'ibikoresho byo gucukuzira amabuye y'agaciro, ariko iki giciro gishobora kugabanuka mu gihe kirekire (ibice 500-1000 / ibumba ry'icyuma), kandi ikoreshwa ku mwaka ni ibice 10-15.
IV. Aho ikoreshwa
Nk'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, amabuye y'agaciro ahora asimbuza ibikoresho gakondo by'ubwubatsi, kandi urufunguzo rw'iterambere ryayo ryihuse ruri mu gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, ibumba, n'imiterere ihamye yo guhuza. Kuri ubu, amabuye y'agaciro akoreshwa cyane mu nzego nyinshi z'ibikoresho by'imashini nko gusya no gukora imashini zihuta cyane. Abakora imashini zisya bagiye baba abambere mu rwego rw'ibikoresho by'imashini bakoresha amabuye y'agaciro ku birindiro by'imashini. Urugero, amasosiyete azwi ku isi nka ABA z&b, Bahmler, Jung, Mikrosa, Schaudt, Stude, n'ibindi yagiye yungukira ku buryo amazi y'amabuye y'agaciro ahumira, ubushyuhe n'ubuziranenge bw'amabuye y'agaciro kugira ngo agire ubuziranenge bwo hejuru n'ubwiza bwiza mu gusya.
Kubera ko imitwaro ikomeza kwiyongera, amabuye y'agaciro nayo akundwa cyane n'ibigo bikomeye ku isi mu bijyanye no gusya ibikoresho. Urwego rwo gusya amabuye rufite ubushobozi bwo gukomera kandi rushobora gukuraho imbaraga ziterwa no kwihuta kwa moteri isanzwe. Muri icyo gihe, guhuza imikorere myiza yo gukurura vibration na moteri isanzwe bishobora kunoza cyane ubwiza bw'ubuso bw'igikoresho n'ubuzima bw'uruziga rwo gusya.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-18-2022