Mu rwego rwo gukora neza, imyumvire ikocamye ni uko "ubucucike buri hejuru = gukomera gukomeye = ibisobanuro bihanitse". Urufatiro rwa granite, rufite ubucucike bwa 2,6-2.8g / cm³ (7.86g / cm³ ku cyuma), rwageze ku busobanuro burenze ubwa micrometero cyangwa na nanometero. Inyuma yibi bintu "birwanya-intuitive" haribikorwa byimbitse bya minerogi, ubukanishi nubuhanga bwo gutunganya. Ibikurikira birasesengura amahame yubumenyi kuva mubice bine byingenzi.
1. Ubucucike ≠ Gukomera: Uruhare rukomeye rwimiterere yibintu
"Ubuki karemano" imiterere ya kirisiti ya granite
Granite igizwe na kirisiti ya minisiteri nka quartz (SiO₂) na feldspar (KAlSi₃O₈), ifitanye isano ya hafi na ionic / covalent bond, ikora imiterere ihuza ubuki busa. Iyi miterere itanga ibiranga byihariye:
Imbaraga zo guhonyora zigereranywa niz'icyuma: kugera kuri 100-200 mpa (100-250 mpa kumyuma yumukara), ariko modulus ya elastike iri hasi (70-100 gpa vs 160-200 gpa kumyuma), bivuze ko bidashoboka ko habaho ihinduka rya plastike ku mbaraga.
Irekurwa risanzwe ryimyitwarire yimbere: Granite imaze gusaza mumyaka miriyoni amagana yimiterere ya geologiya, kandi imihangayiko yimbere isigaye igera kuri zeru. Iyo icyuma gishushe gikonje (hamwe nigipimo cyo gukonjesha> 50 ℃ / s), havuka impagarara zimbere zingana na 50-100 mpa, zigomba gukurwaho na annealing artificiel. Niba ubuvuzi budasobanutse neza, burashobora guhinduka mugihe cyo gukoresha igihe kirekire.
2. Imiterere yicyuma "inenge-nyinshi" yicyuma
Ibyuma bikozwe mucyuma ni karuboni, kandi ifite inenge nka flake grafite, imyenge hamwe no kugabanuka kwimbere.
Graphite fragmentation matrix: Flake grafite ihwanye na "microcrack" y'imbere, bigatuma igabanuka rya 30% -50% mubice nyabyo bitwara imitwaro yicyuma. Nubwo imbaraga zo guhonyora ari nyinshi, imbaraga zihindagurika ni nkeya (1 / 5-1 / 10 gusa byimbaraga zo kwikuramo), kandi ikunda gucika kubera guhangayikishwa n’ibanze.
Ubucucike bwinshi ariko gukwirakwizwa kwinshi: Ibyuma bikozwemo karubone 2% kugeza 4%. Mugihe cyo guta, gutandukanya ibintu bya karubone birashobora gutera ihindagurika rya ± 3%, mugihe granite ifite minerval ikwirakwiza hejuru ya 95%, bigatuma imiterere ihamye.
Icya kabiri, inyungu nyayo yubucucike buke: guhagarika kabiri ubushyuhe no kunyeganyega
"Inyungu yihariye" yo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwumuriro
Coefficient yo kwagura ubushyuhe iratandukanye cyane: granite ni 0,6-5 × 10⁻⁶ / ℃, mugihe icyuma gikozwe ni 10-12 × 10⁻⁶ / ℃. Fata urugero rwa metero 10 nkurugero. Iyo ubushyuhe buhindutse kuri 10 ℃:
Kwagura Granite no kwikuramo: 0.06-0.5mm
Kwagura ibyuma no kugabanuka: 1-1.2mm
Iri tandukaniro rituma granite hafi ya "zeru zeru" muburyo bugenzurwa nubushyuhe (nka ± 0.5 ℃ mumahugurwa ya semiconductor), mugihe icyuma gisaba ubundi buryo bwo kwishyura indabyo.
Itandukaniro ryubushyuhe bwumuriro: Ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa granite ni 2-3W / (m · K), ni 1 / 20-1 / 30 gusa byibyuma (50-80W / (m · K)). Mubikoresho byo gushyushya ibikoresho (nkigihe ubushyuhe bwa moteri bugeze kuri 60 ℃), igipimo cyubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa granite kiri munsi ya 0.5 ℃ / m, mugihe icyuma gishobora gushika kuri 5-8 ℃ / m, bikavamo kwaguka kwaho kutaringaniye kandi bikagira ingaruka kumurongo wa gari ya moshi.
2. Ingaruka "naturel naturike" yo guhagarika kunyeganyega
Uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ingufu zimbibi zimbere: Imvune ziciriritse hamwe nimbibi zinyuranya hagati ya kirisiti ya granite irashobora gukwirakwiza vuba imbaraga zinyeganyega, hamwe nikigereranyo cya 0.3-0.5 (mugihe icyuma gikozwe ni 0.05-0.1). Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kuri vibrasiya ya 100Hz:
Bifata amasegonda 0.1 kugirango amplitude ya granite ibore kugeza 10%
Gutera ibyuma bifata amasegonda 0.8
Iri tandukaniro rituma granite ihagarara ako kanya mubikoresho byihuta byihuta (nka 2m / s gusikana umutwe wikingirizo), birinda inenge y "ibimenyetso byerekana".
Ingaruka zinyuranye zubusembure: Ubucucike buke bivuze ko misa ari ntoya mubunini bumwe, kandi imbaraga zidafite imbaraga (F = ma) nimbaraga (p = mv) zigice cyimuka ziri hasi. Kurugero, iyo ikarito ya metero 10 ya granite ya gantry (ipima toni 12) yihuta kugera kuri 1.5G ugereranije nicyuma gikozwe mucyuma (toni 20), imbaraga zo gutwara zigabanukaho 40%, ingaruka zo gutangira-kugabanuka ziragabanuka, kandi neza neza nu mwanya uhagaze neza.
Iii. Iterambere muri "density-yigenga" neza neza tekinoroji yo gutunganya
1. Guhuza nogutunganya ultra-precision
"Crystal-level" igenzura ryo gusya no gusya: Nubwo ubukana bwa granite (6-7 ku gipimo cya Mohs) burenze ubw'icyuma gikozwe (4-5 ku gipimo cya Mohs), imyunyu ngugu yacyo irasa kandi irashobora gukurwaho atomike ikoresheje diyama abrasive + magnetorheologiya polishinge (umubyimba umwe rukumbi <10nm), kandi uburinganire bwa Ra bushobora kugera kuri 0.02 mm. Ariko, kubera ko hariho ibice byoroshye bya grafite mu byuma, "ingaruka ya furplough" ikunda kugaragara mugihe cyo gusya, kandi ububobere bwo hejuru buragoye kuba munsi ya Ra 0.8μm.
Inyungu ya "stress nke" yo gutunganya CNC: Iyo itunganya granite, imbaraga zo gukata ni 1/3 cyicyuma cyicyuma (bitewe nubucucike buke na modulus ntoya ya elastike), bigatuma umuvuduko mwinshi wo kuzunguruka (100.000 revolisiyo kumunota) hamwe nigipimo cyibiryo (5000mm / min), kugabanya kwambara ibikoresho no kongera imikorere yo gutunganya. Urubanza runaka rutanu-axis rwerekana ko igihe cyo gutunganya granite iyobora gari ya moshi ari kigufi cya 25% ugereranije nicyuma, mugihe ubunyangamugayo bwazamuwe kugeza kuri 2μm.
2. Itandukaniro muri "cumulative effect" yamakosa yo guterana
Urunigi rwerekana uburemere bwibintu: Ibigize nka moteri hamwe na gari ya moshi iyobora hamwe nuburinganire buke burashobora kumurikirwa icyarimwe. Kurugero, iyo imbaraga za moteri yumurongo zigabanutseho 30%, kubyara ubushyuhe no kunyeganyega nabyo bigabanuka uko bikwiye, bikagira uruziga rwiza rwo "kunonosora neza - kugabanya gukoresha ingufu".
Kugumana igihe kirekire: Kurwanya ruswa ya granite yikubye inshuro 15 iy'icyuma (quartz irwanya aside na isuri ya alkali). Mugihe cya semiconductor acide yibidukikije, ububobere bwubuso burahinduka nyuma yimyaka 10 yo gukoresha ntiburi munsi ya 0,02 mm, mugihe ibyuma bikozwe mucyuma bigomba kuba hasi kandi bigasanwa buri mwaka, hamwe nikosa ryo guteranya ± 20μm.
Iv. Ibimenyetso byinganda: Urugero rwiza rwubucucike buke Performance Imikorere mike
Ibikoresho byo gupima Semiconductor
Kugereranya amakuru yikibanza runaka cyo kugenzura wafer:
2. Ibikoresho byiza bya optique
Ikirangantego cya infragreur ya NASA ya James Webb Telescope ikozwe muri granite. Nukuri nukwifashisha ubucucike bwayo buke (kugabanya imitwaro ya satelite) no kwaguka kwinshi kwubushyuhe (butajegajega ku bushyuhe buke bwa -270 ℃) ni bwo hubahirizwa ukuri kwa nano ku rwego rwa optique, mu gihe ibyago byo guta ibyuma bicika intege ku bushyuhe buke.
Umwanzuro: "Counter-common sense" guhanga udushya mubumenyi
Ibyiza byukuri bya granite yibanze mubutsinzi bwibintu bya "uburinganire bwimiterere> ubucucike, guhagarika ubushyuhe bwumuriro> gukomera". Ntabwo gusa ubucucike bwayo buke butabaye ingingo idakomeye, ariko kandi bwageze no gusimbuka neza binyuze mu ngamba nko kugabanya inertie, guhitamo igenzura ry’umuriro, no guhuza no gutunganya ibintu neza. Iyi phenomenon yerekana amategeko yibanze yinganda zuzuye: ibintu bifatika nuburinganire bwuzuye bwibipimo byinshi aho kuba ibintu byoroshye byerekana ibipimo bimwe. Hamwe niterambere rya nanotehnologiya n’inganda zikora icyatsi, ubucucike buke n’ibikoresho bya granite bikora cyane birasobanura imyumvire y’inganda "iremereye" n "" urumuri "," rukomeye "na" byoroshye ", byugurura inzira nshya zo gukora inganda zo mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Gicurasi-19-2025