Mu iyubakwa ryumuvuduko uhamye wumuyaga ureremba, guhitamo shingiro bigira uruhare rukomeye mubikorwa rusange byurubuga. Granite isobanutse neza hamwe nibyuma bikozwe mubyuma bifite umwihariko wabyo, kandi hariho itandukaniro rigaragara mubipimo byingenzi nko gutuza, kubungabunga neza, kuramba hamwe nigiciro.
Icya mbere, gutuza: ubwinshi bwimiterere nicyuma
Nyuma yimyaka miriyoni yimiterere ya geologiya, granite ihujwe cyane na quartz, feldspar nandi mabuye y'agaciro kugirango ibe imiterere yuzuye kandi imwe. Imbere yo kwivanga hanze, nko kunyeganyega gukomeye guterwa no gukoresha ibikoresho binini mu mahugurwa y’uruganda, base ya granite irashobora guhagarika neza no kwiyegereza ishingiye ku miterere yayo igoye ya kirisiti, ishobora kugabanya ihindagurika ry’imisemburo y’umuvuduko ukabije w’ikirere kireremba hejuru ya 80%, bigatanga urufatiro ruhamye rwo gukora neza mu gihe cyo gutunganya neza cyangwa gutahura neza. Kurugero, muburyo bwo gufotora uburyo bwo gukora chip ya elegitoronike, biranga neza imiterere ya chip byemewe.
Ibyuma bikozwe mucyuma bikozwe mu byuma-karubone, kandi imbere ya grafite ikwirakwizwa mu mpapuro cyangwa mu bice. Nubwo ifite ubushobozi bwo guhindagurika kunyeganyega, imiterere yimiterere yayo ntabwo ari nziza ugereranije na granite. Iyo uhuye nimbaraga nyinshi hamwe no kunyeganyega guhoraho, biragoye ko icyuma gikozwe mucyuma kigabanya kugabanuka kwinyeganyeza kurwego rwo hasi nkurwego rwa granite, rushobora gutuma habaho gutandukana guto kwimuka ryumuvuduko ukabije wikirere kireremba ikirere, bikagira ingaruka kumikorere yibikorwa mubikorwa bya ultra-precision.
Icya kabiri, kugumana ukuri: ibyiza bisanzwe byo kwaguka gake hamwe ningorabahizi yo guhindura ubushyuhe bwicyuma
Granite izwiho coefficient nkeya cyane yo kwagura ubushyuhe, mubisanzwe kuri 5-7 × 10⁻⁶ / ℃. Mubihe bihindagurika ryubushyuhe, ingano ya granite precision base ihinduka bike cyane. Mu rwego rw’inyenyeri, ikirere cya hydrostatike cyuzuye kireremba kugirango habeho guhuza neza lens ya telesikope ihujwe na base ya granite, kabone niyo itandukaniro ryubushyuhe hagati yumunsi nijoro rifite akamaro, rirashobora kwemeza ko imyanya ihagaze neza ya lens ikomeza kurwego rwa subicron, ifasha abahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere gufata imbaraga zidasobanutse z'imibumbe yo mu kirere ya kure.
Coefficient yo kwagura ubushyuhe bwibyuma birasa cyane, muri rusange 10-20 × 10⁻⁶ / ℃. Iyo ubushyuhe buhindutse, ingano yicyuma gikozwe mucyuma ihinduka bigaragara, ibyo bikaba byoroshye gutera ihindagurika ryubushyuhe bwikirere cyumuvuduko ukabije wikirere kireremba hejuru, bikaviramo kugabanuka kwimikorere yibikorwa. Mubikorwa byo gusya byubushyuhe bukabije bwa optique, ihindagurika ryicyuma gikozwe mubyuma bitewe nubushyuhe burashobora gutuma habaho gutandukana kwicyuma cya lens kirenze urugero rwemewe kandi bikagira ingaruka kumiterere yinzira.
Icya gatatu, kuramba: gukomera kwamabuye karemano n'umunaniro w'icyuma
Gukomera kwa Granite ni hejuru, Mohs gukomera irashobora kugera kuri 6-7, kwihanganira kwambara neza. Muri laboratoire yubumenyi, ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane muburyo bwumuvuduko ukabije wikirere kireremba hejuru, granite yacyo irashobora kurwanya neza igihombo cyigihe kirekire, ugereranije n’ibanze bisanzwe, irashobora kwagura uburyo bwo gufata neza urubuga hejuru ya 50%, kugabanya amafaranga yo gufata neza ibikoresho, no gukomeza imirimo yubushakashatsi bwa siyanse. Nyamara, ibikoresho bya granite birasa nkaho byoroshye, kandi harikibazo cyo guturika iyo byatewe nimpanuka.
Ibyuma bikozwe mucyuma bifite ubukana runaka kandi ntabwo byoroshye kumeneka mugihe ufite imbaraga zingaruka. Nyamara, murwego rwo kwisubiramo kwinshi kwimikorere yumuvuduko ukabije wumuyaga ureremba hejuru yigihe kirekire, icyuma gikozwemo gikunda kwangirika k'umunaniro, bikavamo impinduka mumiterere yimbere, bikagira ingaruka kumyizerere no guhagarara kumurongo. Muri icyo gihe, icyuma gikunda kwibasirwa no kwangirika ahantu h’ubushuhe, bikagabanya igihe kirekire, bitandukanye, granite ishingiro mukurwanya ruswa nibyiza.
Icya kane, ikiguzi cyo gukora no gutunganya ingorane: gucukura amabuye karemano no gutunganya ibibazo hamwe no guterera ibyuma
Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro no gutwara ibikoresho bibisi bya granite biragoye, kandi gutunganya bisaba ibikoresho nubuhanga buhanitse cyane. Kubera ubukana bwayo bwinshi, ubwitonzi, gukata, gusya, gusya hamwe nibindi bikorwa bikunda gusenyuka, gucika, igipimo kinini, bikavamo amafaranga menshi yo gukora.
Ibyuma bikozwe mubyuma bikozwe muburyo bukuze bwo gutara, isoko yagutse yibikoresho fatizo kandi bihendutse. Binyuze mubibumbano bishobora kugera kumusaruro mwinshi, umusaruro mwinshi. Ariko, kugirango ugere ku busobanuro buhanitse kandi butajegajega nka base ya granite, inzira yo gukina hamwe nibisabwa nyuma yo gutunganywa birakomeye cyane, bisaba gutunganya neza no kuvura gusaza, nibindi, kandi ibiciro nabyo bizamuka cyane.
Muncamake, granite precision base ifite ibyiza byingenzi muburyo bwo gukoresha ibintu byerekana neza ikirere gihamye ikirere gisaba ibintu bisobanutse neza, bihamye kandi birwanya kwambara; Ibyuma bikozwe mucyuma bifite ibyiza bimwe mubiciro no gukomera, kandi birakwiriye mugihe aho ibisabwa byukuri ari bike, gukurikirana imikorere yibiciro hamwe no kunyeganyega hamwe nubushyuhe bwikirere bihagaze neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-09-2025