Mu kubaka urubuga rwo kuzenguruka rw’umwuka udahindagurika, guhitamo urubuga rw’ibanze bigira uruhare runini mu mikorere rusange y’urubuga. Urufatiro rw’umwimerere rwa granite n’urufatiro rw’icyuma gishongeshejwe bifite imiterere yabyo, kandi hari itandukaniro rigaragara mu bipimo by’ingenzi nko kudahungabana, kubungabunga neza, kuramba n’igiciro.
Icya mbere, ubusugire: imiterere karemano n'icyuma
Nyuma y’imyaka ibarirwa muri za miriyoni y’impinduka mu by’ubutaka, granite ihuzwa cyane na quartz, feldspar n’andi mabuye y’agaciro kugira ngo ikore imiterere ikomeye kandi isa. Mu gihe habayeho kwivanga kw’ibintu biturutse hanze, nko guhindagura gukomeye guterwa n’imikorere y’ibikoresho binini mu ruganda, ishingiro rya granite rishobora kuziba no kugabanya ubushobozi bwaryo bushingiye ku miterere yaryo igoye ya kristu, ishobora kugabanya uburebure bw’impinduka z’ikirere cy’umuvuduko uhamye w’umwuka uhindagurika ku kigero kirenga 80%, bigatanga inkingi ihamye y’imikorere kuri urwo rubuga kugira ngo rugire ingendo nziza mu gihe cyo gutunganya cyangwa kubona neza. Urugero, mu gikorwa cyo gufotora no gupima neza ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, imiterere nyayo y’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga irahamye.
Ishingiro ry'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe muri aloyi y'icyuma na karuboni, kandi grafiti y'imbere ikwirakwizwa mu mpapuro cyangwa mu mpande. Nubwo ifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya umuvuduko, imiterere yayo ntabwo ari myiza ugereranije na granite. Iyo ihuye n'ubukana bwinshi n'umuvuduko uhoraho, biragoye ko ishingiro ry'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma ... byuma bikozwe mu buryo buhanitse.
Icya kabiri, kugumana neza: ibyiza karemano byo kwaguka guke n'ikibazo cyo guhinduka k'ubushyuhe bw'icyuma
Granite izwiho kuba ifite ubushyuhe buke cyane, akenshi ikaba iri kuri 5-7 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Mu gihe ubushyuhe buhindagurika, ingano y'ubushyuhe bw'ishingiro rya granite ihinduka gato cyane. Mu rwego rw'ubumenyi bw'ikirere, urubuga rwo kuzenguruka rw'umwuka rukoresha ikoranabuhanga rya elegitoroniki ruhuzwa n'urutonde rw'ishingiro rya granite, nubwo itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe hagati y'amanywa n'ijoro ryaba rinini, rishobora kwemeza ko ubuziranenge bw'aho lensi iherereye buguma ku rwego rwa submicron, bigafasha abahanga mu by'ikirere gufata imiterere yoroheje y'ibiri mu kirere biri kure.
Igipimo cyo kwaguka k'ubushyuhe bw'icyuma gishongeshejwe kiri hejuru cyane, muri rusange ni 10-20 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Iyo ubushyuhe buhindutse, ingano y'icyuma gishongeshejwe irahinduka ku buryo bugaragara, ibyo bikaba byoroshye gutuma ubushyuhe bw'ikirere gishyuha neza, bigatuma urwego rw'ikirere rugabanuka. Mu gihe cyo gusya indorerwamo z'amatara zikoresha ubushyuhe, guhinduka kw'ishingiro ry'icyuma gishongeshejwe bitewe n'ubushyuhe bishobora gutuma indorerwamo ihinduka ku rugero rwo hejuru rwemewe kandi bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'indorerwamo.
Icya gatatu, kuramba: gukomera cyane kw'amabuye karemano n'umunaniro w'icyuma
Ubukana bwa granite buri hejuru, ubukana bwa Mohs bushobora kugera kuri 6-7, bushobora kwangirika neza. Muri laboratwari y’ubumenyi bw’ibikoresho, urubuga rukoreshwa cyane rwo kuzenguruka umwuka uhindagurika, ishingiro ryarwo rya granite rishobora kurwanya gucika intege igihe kirekire, ugereranije n’ishingiro risanzwe, rishobora kongera igihe cyo kubungabunga urubuga ku kigero kirenga 50%, kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ibikoresho, no kwemeza ko ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bukomeza. Ariko, ibikoresho bya granite biracikagurika cyane, kandi hari ibyago byo kwangirika iyo byagize ingaruka ku bw’impanuka.
Ishingiro ry'icyuma gishongeshejwe rifite ubukana runaka kandi ntibyoroshye kuvunika iyo rifite imbaraga runaka. Ariko, mu gihe cyo kugenda cyane kw'ikirere gishyushye cyane cy'umwuka udahinduka mu kirere igihe kirekire, icyuma gishongeshejwe gishobora kwangirika, bigatuma habaho impinduka mu miterere y'imbere, bigira ingaruka ku buryo urwego rudahinduka no kudahungabana. Muri icyo gihe, icyuma gishongeshejwe gishobora kwangirika no gushwanyagurika mu bidukikije bitose, bigatuma kigabanuka, mu buryo bunyuranye, ishingiro rya granite mu kurwanya ingese riba ryiza kurushaho.
Icya kane, ingorane z'ikiguzi cyo gukora no gutunganya: imbogamizi zo gucukura no gutunganya amabuye karemano n'umubare ntarengwa w'ibikorwa byo gucukura ibyuma
Ubucukuzi n'ubwikorezi bw'ibikoresho fatizo bya granite biragoye, kandi kubitunganya bisaba ibikoresho n'ikoranabuhanga rihanitse cyane. Kubera ubukana bwabyo bwinshi, gucika intege, gukata, gusya, gusiga irangi n'ibindi bikorwa bishobora gusenyuka, kwangirika, no kugabanuka kw'ibisigazwa, bigatuma ibiciro byo kubitunganya bizamuka.
Ishingiro ry'icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwo gucukura bukuze, isoko rinini ry'ibikoresho fatizo kandi igiciro kiri hasi. Binyuze mu ibumba rishobora kugera ku musaruro mwinshi, umusaruro uhagije. Ariko, kugira ngo hagerwe ku buziranenge n'ubudahangarwa nk'ubw'ishingiro rya granite, ibisabwa mu gucukura no gutunganya nyuma yo gutunganya ni bikomeye cyane, bisaba gutunganya neza no gusaza, n'ibindi, kandi ikiguzi nacyo kizazamuka cyane.
Muri make, ishingiro ry’ubuziranenge bwa granite rifite inyungu zikomeye mu ikoreshwa rya platform y’umwuka uhindagurika neza usaba ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, gutuza no kudashira; ishingiro ry’icyuma gishongeshejwe rifite inyungu zimwe na zimwe mu giciro no gukomera, kandi rikwiriye ibihe aho ibisabwa mu buziranenge biri hasi, gushaka uburyo bwo gukoresha neza ikiguzi ndetse n’ibidukikije bihindagurika n’ubushyuhe bihamye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mata-09-2025