Inzira icyenda zifatika za zirconia ceramics

Inzira icyenda zifatika za zirconia ceramics
Uburyo bwo kubumba bugira uruhare runini mubikorwa byose byo gutegura ibikoresho byubutaka, kandi nurufunguzo rwo kwemeza imikorere yizewe no kongera umusaruro wibikoresho bya ceramic nibigize.
Hamwe niterambere ryumuryango, uburyo gakondo bwo gukubita intoki, uburyo bwo gukora ibiziga, uburyo bwo gutaka, nibindi byubukorikori gakondo ntibushobora kongera gukenera ibikenewe muri societe igezweho kugirango bikorwe kandi binonosore, nuko havuka inzira nshya yo kubumba.ZrO2 ibikoresho byiza byubutaka bikoreshwa cyane muburyo 9 bukurikira bwo kubumba (ubwoko 2 bwuburyo bwumye nubwoko 7 bwuburyo butose):

1. Kubumba byumye

1.1 Kanda

Gukanda byumye bikoresha igitutu kugirango ukande ifu yubutaka muburyo runaka bwumubiri.Intego yacyo ni uko munsi yimbaraga ziva hanze, ifu yifu yegerana mubibumbano, kandi bigahuzwa cyane no guterana imbere kugirango bigumane imiterere runaka.Inenge nyamukuru mumibiri yicyatsi-yumye yumye ni spallation, ibyo bikaba biterwa no guterana imbere hagati yifu nudusimba hagati yifu ninkuta zibumba, bikaviramo gutakaza umuvuduko mumubiri.

Ibyiza byo gukanda byumye nuko ingano yumubiri wicyatsi ari ukuri, imikorere iroroshye, kandi biroroshye kumenya imikorere yimashini;ibirimo ubuhehere hamwe na binder mubyatsi byumye byumye ni bike, kandi kugabanuka no gucana kugabanuka ni bito.Ikoreshwa cyane mugukora ibicuruzwa bifite imiterere yoroshye, kandi igipimo cya aspect ni gito.Igiciro cyiyongereye cyumusaruro uterwa no kwambara ni ingorane zo gukanda byumye.

1.2 Kanda

Gukanda Isostatike nuburyo bwihariye bwo gukora bwateguwe hashingiwe ku gukanda gakondo.Ikoresha umuvuduko wo gukwirakwiza amazi kugirango ushire igitutu kuringaniza ifu imbere muburyo bwa elastike uhereye impande zose.Bitewe no guhora k'umuvuduko w'imbere w'amazi, ifu ifite umuvuduko umwe mubyerekezo byose, bityo itandukaniro ryubwinshi bwumubiri wicyatsi rishobora kwirindwa.

Gukanda Isostatike bigabanijwemo igikapu gitose isostatike no gukanda umufuka wumye isostatike.Gukanda umufuka wuzuye isostatike urashobora gukora ibicuruzwa bifite imiterere igoye, ariko birashobora gukora rimwe na rimwe.Kanda igikapu cyumye isostatike irashobora kubona imikorere ikomeza, ariko irashobora gukora ibicuruzwa bifite imiterere yoroshye nka kare, izengurutse, hamwe na tubular yambukiranya ibice.Gukanda Isostatike birashobora kubona umubiri wicyatsi kibisi kandi cyinshi, hamwe no kugabanuka kwumuriro muto no kugabanuka kumpande zose, ariko ibikoresho biragoye kandi bihenze, kandi umusaruro ntushobora kuba mwinshi, kandi birakwiriye gusa kubyara ibikoresho bifite umwihariko. ibisabwa.

2. Kubumba

2.1 Gutaka
Uburyo bwo gutondagura ibintu bisa no gufata kaseti, itandukaniro ni uko uburyo bwo kubumba burimo uburyo bwo kubura umwuma hamwe nuburyo bwo guhuza imiti.Umwuma wo kumubiri ukuraho amazi mumashanyarazi binyuze mumikorere ya capillary yibibumbano bya gypsum.Ca2 + iterwa no gusesa hejuru ya CaSO4 yongerera imbaraga ionic imbaraga za slurry, bikavamo flocculation ya slurry.
Mubikorwa byo kubura umwuma hamwe na coagulation ya chimique, uduce duto twa ceramic dushyira kurukuta rwa gypsumu.Gusya bikwiranye no gutegura ibice binini bya ceramic bifite imiterere igoye, ariko ubwiza bwumubiri wicyatsi, harimo imiterere, ubucucike, imbaraga, nibindi, burakennye, imbaraga zumurimo w'abakozi ni nyinshi, kandi ntibikwiye kubikorwa byikora.

2.2 Gupfa gushyuha
Gupfa gushyushye ni ukuvanga ifu ya ceramic na binder (paraffin) mubushyuhe buringaniye (60 ~ 100 ℃) kugirango ubone ibishishwa byo gushyushya bishyushye.Ibishishwa byinjizwa mu cyuma munsi y’umwuka uhumeka, kandi igitutu kirakomeza.Gukonjesha, kumanuka kugirango ubone ibishashara byambaye ubusa, ibishashara byashashaye birinda kurinda ifu ya inert kugirango ibone umubiri wicyatsi, kandi umubiri wicyatsi ucumita mubushyuhe bwinshi kugirango ube farufari.

Umubiri wicyatsi wakozwe nugupfa gushyushye ufite ibipimo nyabyo, imiterere yimbere yimbere, kwambara gake no gukora neza, kandi birakwiriye kubikoresho bitandukanye.Ubushyuhe bwibishashara nibishashara bigomba kugenzurwa cyane, bitabaye ibyo bizatera inshinge cyangwa guhindura ibintu, ntabwo rero bikwiriye gukora ibice binini, kandi inzira yo kurasa intambwe ebyiri biragoye kandi gukoresha ingufu ni byinshi.

2.3
Gufata kaseti ni ukuvanga byuzuye ifu yubutaka hamwe nubunini bwinshi bwa binders organic, plasitike, dispersants, nibindi kugirango ubone ibishishwa bitembera neza, ongeraho ibishishwa kuri hopper yimashini itera, hanyuma ukoreshe scraper kugirango ugenzure ubunini.Isohoka mu mukandara wa convoyeur unyuze mu kugaburira nozzle, kandi firime irimo ubusa iboneka nyuma yo gukama.

Iyi nzira irakwiriye mugutegura ibikoresho bya firime.Kugirango ubone guhinduka neza, hongewemo umubare munini wibintu kama, kandi ibipimo byibikorwa birasabwa kugenzurwa cyane, bitabaye ibyo bizatera byoroshye inenge nko gukuramo, imirongo, imbaraga za firime nke cyangwa gukuramo bigoye.Ibinyabuzima bikoreshwa ni uburozi kandi bizatera umwanda ku bidukikije, kandi sisitemu idafite uburozi cyangwa uburozi buke igomba gukoreshwa uko bishoboka kose kugirango igabanye ibidukikije.

2.4
Tekinoroji yo gutera inshinge ni uburyo bushya bwo guhuza prototyping yihuta bwahimbwe bwa mbere nabashakashatsi bo muri Laboratwari ya Oak Ridge mu ntangiriro ya za 90.Intandaro yacyo ni ugukoresha ibisubizo bya monomer bihindura polymerize mumbaraga nyinshi, nyuma bigahuza polymer-solvent.

Ifu yuzuye ifu ya ceramic yashongeshejwe mugisubizo cya monomor organique iterwa mubibumbano, hanyuma imvange ya monomer polymerize ikora igice cyiza.Kubera ko polymer-solvent ihujwe nyuma irimo 10% –20% gusa (igice kinini) polymer, biroroshye gukuramo ibishishwa mubice bya gel nintambwe yumye.Muri icyo gihe, kubera guhuza uruhande rwa polymers, polymers ntishobora kwimuka hamwe nigishishwa mugihe cyo kumisha.

Ubu buryo burashobora gukoreshwa mugukora ibice bimwe bya ceramic hamwe nibice bigize ceramic, bishobora gukora ibice binini, casi-net-nini-nini ya ceramic, kandi imbaraga zicyatsi kibisi kingana na 20-30Mpa cyangwa zirenga, zishobora gusubirwamo.Ikibazo nyamukuru cyubu buryo nuko igipimo cyo kugabanuka kwumubiri wa urusoro kiri hejuru cyane mugihe cyo kwiyongera, ibyo bikaba byoroshye kuganisha kumubiri wumubiri;monomor organique zimwe na zimwe zifite ogisijeni zibuza, zitera ubuso gukuramo no kugwa;bitewe nubushyuhe buterwa nubushyuhe bwa monomer polymerisiyonike, bigatera kogosha Ubushyuhe biganisha ku kubaho kwimbere yimbere, bigatuma ibisebe bimeneka nibindi.

2.5 Gutera inshinge mu buryo butaziguye
Gutera inshinge zitaziguye ni tekinoroji yo kubumba yatunganijwe na ETH Zurich: amazi yumuti, ifu ya ceramique hamwe ninyongeramusaruro kavanze bivanze rwose kugirango bibe amashanyarazi ahamye, afite ubukonje buke, ibintu byinshi-bikomeye, bishobora guhinduka wongeyeho Slurry pH cyangwa imiti ibyo byongera ingufu za electrolyte, hanyuma ibishishwa byinjizwa muburyo butari bwiza.

Kugenzura iterambere ryimiti mugihe cyibikorwa.Imyitwarire mbere yo kubumba inshinge ikorwa gahoro gahoro, ubwiza bwigituba buguma hasi, kandi reaction irihuta nyuma yo guterwa inshinge, ibishishwa birakomera, kandi ibibyimba byamazi bigahinduka umubiri ukomeye.Umubiri wicyatsi wabonye ufite imiterere yubukanishi kandi imbaraga zishobora kugera kuri 5kPa.Umubiri wicyatsi urashwanyagujwe, wumishijwe kandi uracumura kugirango ube igice ceramic yuburyo bwifuzwa.

Ibyiza byayo nuko idakeneye cyangwa ikenera gusa inyongeramusaruro nkeya (munsi ya 1%), umubiri wicyatsi ntukeneye kwangirika, ubwinshi bwumubiri wicyatsi ni kimwe, ubwinshi bwikigereranyo buri hejuru (55% ~ 70%), kandi irashobora gukora ibice binini binini kandi bigoye.Ikibi cyacyo nuko inyongeramusaruro zihenze, kandi gaze irekurwa mugihe cya reaction.

2.6
Gutera inshinge kuva kera byakoreshejwe mugushushanya ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike no kubumba ibyuma.Ubu buryo bukoresha ubushyuhe buke bwo gukiza ibinyabuzima bya termoplastique cyangwa ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gukiza ibinyabuzima bya termosetting.Ifu hamwe nogutwara kama bivangwa mubikoresho bidasanzwe byo kuvanga, hanyuma bigaterwa mubibumbano munsi yumuvuduko mwinshi (MPa kugeza kuri magana).Bitewe numuvuduko munini wo gushushanya, ibiboneka byabonetse bifite ibipimo nyabyo, ubworoherane buhanitse hamwe nuburyo bworoshye;gukoresha ibikoresho bidasanzwe byo kubumba bizamura cyane umusaruro.

Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 70 no mu ntangiriro ya za 1980, uburyo bwo gutera inshinge bwakoreshwaga mu kubumba ibice by'ibumba.Ubu buryo butahura ibumba rya plastiki ryibikoresho byongewemo hongewemo ibintu byinshi kama, nuburyo busanzwe bwo kubumba plastike.Mu buhanga bwo gutera inshinge, usibye gukoresha ibinyabuzima bya termoplastique (nka polyethylene, polystirene), ibinyabuzima byo mu bwoko bwa termosetting (nka epoxy resin, resin fenolike), cyangwa polymer zishonga amazi nkibikoresho nyamukuru, birakenewe ko wongeraho ibintu bimwe na bimwe byuburyo bukoreshwa. imfashanyo nka plasitike, amavuta yo kwisiga hamwe noguhuza ibikoresho kugirango urusheho gutembera neza kwa ceramic guhagarikwa no kwemeza ubwiza bwumubiri wabumbwe.

Gutera inshinge inzira ifite ibyiza byo murwego rwohejuru rwo kwikora hamwe nubunini bwuzuye bwububiko.Nyamara, ibinyabuzima biri mumubiri wicyatsi cyibice bya ceramic byatewe inshinge zingana na 50vol%.Bifata igihe kirekire, ndetse niminsi myinshi kugeza kuminsi mirongo, kugirango ukureho ibyo bintu kama muburyo bukurikiraho bwo gucumura, kandi biroroshye gutera inenge nziza.

2.7 Gutera inshinge
Mu rwego rwo gukemura ibibazo by’ibintu byinshi byongewe hamwe n’ingorabahizi zo gukuraho ingorane mu buryo bwo guterwa inshinge gakondo, kaminuza ya Tsinghua yatanze uburyo bushya bwo gutera inshinge za koloide, kandi yigenga yigenga yifashisha inshinge za protope. kumenya guterwa inshinge za ceramic zitagira ingumba.gushiraho.

Igitekerezo cyibanze ni uguhuza ibishushanyo mbonera hamwe no gutera inshinge, ukoresheje ibikoresho byo gutera inshinge hamwe nubuhanga bushya bwo gukiza butangwa na colloidal in-solid solid molding process.Ubu buryo bushya bukoresha munsi ya 4wt.% Yibintu kama.Umubare muto wa monomor organique cyangwa organic organic mumazi ashingiye kumazi bikoreshwa mugutezimbere byihuse polymerisation ya monomor organique nyuma yo guterwa mubibumbano kugirango habeho skeleton y'urusobe kama, iringaniza ifu yubutaka.Muri byo, ntabwo igihe cyo gutesha agaciro kigufi cyane, ariko kandi amahirwe yo gucika intege aragabanuka cyane.

Hariho itandukaniro rinini hagati yo guterwa inshinge za ceramics na colloidal molding.Itandukaniro nyamukuru nuko iyambere iri mubyiciro byo kubumba plastike, naho iyanyuma ikabumba ibishishwa, ni ukuvuga ko ibishishwa bidafite plastike kandi ni ibintu bitarimo ingumba.Kuberako ibishishwa bidafite plastike muburyo bwo kubumba, igitekerezo gakondo cyo gutera inshinge ceramic ntigishobora kwakirwa.Niba ifumbire mvaruganda ihujwe no guterwa inshinge, gutera inshinge za colloidal gutera ibikoresho bya ceramic bigerwaho hifashishijwe ibikoresho byo gutera inshinge hamwe nubuhanga bushya bwo gukiza butangwa na colloidal muburyo bwo kubumba.

Inzira nshya yo gutera inshinge za ceramique itandukanye nububiko rusange bwa colloidal hamwe no guterwa inshinge gakondo.Ibyiza byo murwego rwohejuru rwibikoresho byikora ni sublimation yujuje ubuziranenge bwibikorwa bya colloidal molding, bizahinduka ibyiringiro byo gutunganya inganda zubukorikori buhanitse.