Ukeneye Nanometero neza? Impamvu Gauge Block ari Umwami wa Metrology

Mu karere aho uburebure bupimirwa muri miriyoni ya santimetero kandi neza ni bwo buryo bwonyine - ibidukikije bimwe bisaba gutwara ZHHIMG® - hari igikoresho kimwe kiganje hejuru: Gauge Block. Azwi kwisi yose nka Jo Blocks (nyuma yuwabihimbye), igipimo cyanyerera, cyangwa Hoke blok, ibi bitaka byiza kandi bisize ibyuma cyangwa ceramic nibice byuburiri bwa metero zose. Ntabwo ari ibikoresho gusa; ni ibintu bifatika byerekana uburebure bwihariye, bikora nkibintu byanyuma byerekana kalibibintu byose uhereye kuri micrometero na kaliperi kugeza kuri sine bar no kwerekana ibimenyetso kuri buri nganda zikomeye.

Impinduramatwara mu gupima: Amateka ya Jo Block

Mbere ya 1896, amahugurwa yubukanishi yashingiraga kuri bespoke, ibikoresho byihariye byo gupima amaduka - ibipimo byabigenewe hamwe na cheque yihariye ya "Go / No-Go". Mugihe ikora, iyi sisitemu yabuze ikintu cyingenzi cyo kugena isi yose.

Igitekerezo cyo guhindura umukino cyatangijwe n’umukanishi mwiza w’umukanishi wo muri Suwede Carl Edvard Johansson mu 1896.Igitekerezo cy’impinduramatwara ya Johansson kwari ugushiraho ibipimo birebire by’uburebure byashoboraga guhurizwa hamwe. Iri shyashya ryasobanuraga ko agace gato kakozwe muburyo bwitondewe bushobora guhuzwa kugirango bugere ku bihumbi ibihumbi bitandukanye, birebire cyane-byoroshye guhinduka mbere. Ibipimo bya Johansson byapimye neza uburebure bwerekeranye ninganda.

Ubumaji bwa Adhesion: Gusobanukirwa "Wringing"

Ikintu kigaragara cyane kiranga igipimo nubushobozi bwacyo bwo kwizirika ku kindi gice gifite ikosa rito. Iki kintu cyitwa kwandika. Byagerwaho mugushushanya ibice bibiri hamwe, bigatera hejuru ya microscopique igaragara neza kugirango ihuze neza, cyane cyane ikuraho icyuho icyo aricyo cyose cyikirere no kugabanya uruhare rwihuriro ryamakosa rusange.

Uyu mutungo udasanzwe nicyo gitanga igipimo cyingirakamaro zidasanzwe. Kurugero, ukoresheje ibice bitatu gusa uhereye kumurongo usanzwe, umuntu arashobora kugera kuburebure igihumbi - vuga, kuva kuri mm 3.000 kugeza kuri 3.999 mm muri 0.001 mm yiyongera. Nubuhanga bwubuhanga bwimbitse butuma badakenerwa.

Intambwe enye zo gutondeka neza

Kugera kuri ubwo busabane bwuzuye ni ubuhanga, intambwe enye:

1. Isuku yambere: Tangira uhanagura witonze ibipimo bipima kuri pase yamavuta.
2. Gukuraho Amavuta: Ibikurikira, ohanagura ibibari hejuru yumye kugirango ukureho amavuta arenze, usigare firime ya microscopique gusa.
3. Imiterere y'umusaraba: Shyira umurongo umwe kuri perpendicularly kurundi hanyuma ushyireho igitutu giciriritse mugihe ubinyerera hamwe kugeza bibaye umusaraba.
4. Guhuza: Hanyuma, uzenguruke uhagarike kugeza bihujwe neza, ubifungire mumutwe ukomeye, wuzuye.

Ubu buryo bwitondewe bushimangira akamaro ko kugira isuku, igitutu kigenzurwa, no guhuza neza kugirango ugere ku ihuriro ryizewe kandi ryuzuye risabwa kubikorwa bya metrologiya. Intsinzi yiyi adhesion isobanurwa kumugaragaro nka "wringability," isaba kurangiza hejuru ya microinch 1 0.025 μ m m) AA cyangwa nziza, hamwe nuburinganire bwa byibura 5 μin (0.13 μ m).

Imyitozo myiza: Kurinda Uburebure bwawe

Bitewe nubusobanuro bukabije, guhagarika igipimo bisaba kuba maso mugukoresha no kubika. Ababigize umwuga basobanukiwe ko kuramba no kuba inyangamugayo biterwa ahanini no gukurikiza imikorere myiza:

• Kwirinda ruswa: Ako kanya nyuma yo gukoreshwa, bloks zigomba kongera gusiga amavuta cyangwa gusiga amavuta. Ruswa ni umwanzi wibanze wumutekano uhagaze, kandi kwirengagiza iyi ntambwe bizahita byangiza ubuso bwuzuye.
• Gukemura: Buri gihe ujye uhagarika ibibice kuruhande rwabo, ntuzigere ukora ku bipimo bikomeye byo gupima. Ubushuhe bwumubiri hamwe namavuta yuruhu bimurira kumurongo, bigatera kwaguka byigihe gito no kwangirika burundu mugihe.
• Kugenzura Ubushyuhe: Guhagarika ibipimo ni byiza cyane iyo bipimye ku bushyuhe mpuzamahanga bwerekanwe kuri 20 ℃ (68 ° F). Ibipimo byose bikozwe hanze yibi bidukikije bisaba indishyi zumuriro.

Umwanzuro: Precision ZHHIMG® Yubaka

Guhagarika gauge nintwari zitavuzwe zemeza isi yinganda zuzuye. Nibintu bidahinduka aho ZHHIMG® ihindura ibikoresho byayo bigezweho byo gupima, ikemeza ko ibice byacu bya granite, ceramic, nicyuma bigera kuri micrometero na nanometero byihanganirwa bikenewe kumashini zateye imbere kwisi. Mu kubahiriza amateka no gukurikiza imikorere myiza yibi bikoresho byingirakamaro, twese hamwe dushyigikira amahame yukuri ateza imbere ikoranabuhanga.