Ukeneye Uburinganire bwa Nanometero? Kuki Ibipimo by'Ingano ari Umwami wa Metrology

Mu rwego aho uburebure bupimirwa muri za santimetero miliyoni imwe kandi ubuziranenge ari bwo buryo bwonyine bukoreshwa—ahantu hamwe hasaba imbaraga nyinshi hatuma ZHHIMG® ikora—hari igikoresho kimwe gikomeye kurusha ibindi: Gauge Block. Bizwi ku isi hose nka Jo Blocks (nyuma y'uwabivumbuye), slip gauges, cyangwa Hoke blocks, ibi bice by'icyuma cyangwa ceramic byasye neza kandi bisukuye ni byo shingiro ry'ibipimo byose. Si ibikoresho gusa; ni imiterere y'uburebure runaka, ikaba ari ahantu fatizo ho gupima ibintu byose kuva kuri mikorometero na caliper kugeza kuri sine bars na dial indicators muri buri nganda zikomeye.

Impinduramatwara mu bipimo: Amateka ya Jo Block

Mbere ya 1896, ibyuma bipima bya tekiniki byakoreshaga ibikoresho byihariye byo gupima—ibipimo byihariye n’igenzura ryihariye rya “Go/No-Go”. Nubwo byari ingirakamaro, ubu buryo ntibwari bufite igice cy’ingenzi cy’igenamiterere rusange.

Igitekerezo cyo guhindura umukino cyatangijwe n'umuhanga mu by'ubwubatsi w'umuhanga wo muri Suwede witwa Carl Edvard Johansson mu 1896. Igitekerezo cya Johansson cy’impinduramatwara cyari ukurema amahame y’uburebure yihariye kandi bunoze cyane yashoboraga guhurizwa hamwe mu buryo butagoranye. Ubu buryo bushya bwasobanuraga ko itsinda rito ry’udupande twakozwe neza ryashoboraga guhuzwa kugira ngo hagerwe ku burebure bwinshi butandukanye kandi bufite ishingiro—uburyo bworoshye butari bwigere bubaho. Udupande twa Johansson twapimaga neza uburebure bw’isi y’inganda.

Ubumaji bwo Gufata: Gusobanukirwa "Guhinduranya"

Ikintu gitangaje cyane ku gice cy’igipimo ni ubushobozi bwacyo bwo gufata neza ikindi gice gifite ikosa rito cyane. Iki kintu cyitwa gukurura. Bigerwaho binyuze mu gukurura ibice bibiri hamwe, bigatuma ubuso bwabyo bungana neza na mikorosikopi bufatana neza, mu by’ukuri bigakuraho icyuho cyose cy’umwuka kandi bikagabanya uruhare rw’ingingo mu ikosa rusange.

Iyi miterere idasanzwe ni yo ituma ibyuma bipima uburebure bwabyo bugira akamaro kanini. Urugero, iyo umuntu akoresheje ibyuma bitatu gusa ugereranije n’ibindi bikoresho bisanzwe, ashobora kugera ku burebure igihumbi butandukanye—urugero, kuva kuri mm 3.000 kugeza kuri mm 3.999 mu nyongera ya mm 0.001. Ni uburyo bukomeye bwo gukora ibintu butuma biba ngombwa cyane.

Intambwe enye zo gutunganya neza

Kugira ngo ugere kuri iyi sano ihamye ni ubuhanga bwitondewe kandi bufite intambwe enye:

1. Gusukura bwa mbere: Tangira uhanagura witonze uduce tw'igipimo ku gapapuro gasukuyeho amavuta.
2. Gukuraho Amavuta: Hanyuma, hanagura uduce tw’amavuta ku gapapuro k’umutsima kugira ngo ukureho amavuta arenze, usige agapfukamunwa gusa.
3. Imiterere y'umurambararo: Shyira urwego rumwe rugororotse hejuru y'urundi hanyuma ushyireho igitutu kiringaniye mu gihe ubinyeganyeza kugeza bikoze umusaraba.
4. Guhuza: Amaherezo, zungurutsa bloc kugeza zihuye neza, uzihambire mu gice gikomeye kandi gitunganye.

Ubu buryo bwitondewe bushimangira ko ari ngombwa kugira isuku, umuvuduko ugenzurwa, no guhuza neza kugira ngo hagerwe ku muyoboro utekanye kandi uboneye ukenewe mu kazi ka metrological. Kugira ngo ubu buryo bufatanye bugire icyo bugeraho, busobanurwa ku mugaragaro ko ari "uburyo bwo gupfunyika," busaba imiterere y'ubuso ya mikorosike 1 na metero 0.025 m) AA cyangwa irenga, hamwe n'ubugari bwa mikorosike 5 nibura (0.13 μm).

Uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda uburebure bwawe

Bitewe n'uko bipima neza cyane, ibipimo bisaba kuba maso mu kubikoresha no kubibika. Inzobere zisobanukiwe ko kuramba no gukora neza kw'itsinda bishingiye gusa ku gukurikiza amabwiriza meza:

• Kwirinda ingese: Ako kanya nyuma yo kuyikoresha, ibyuma bigomba kongera gusigwa amavuta cyangwa gusigwa amavuta. Ingese ni umwanzi w'ingenzi w'ubudahangarwa bw'ibipimo, kandi kwirengagiza iyi ntambwe bizasenya vuba ubuziranenge bw'ubuso.
• Gufata: Buri gihe fata ibiti ku mpande zabyo, ntukore ku buso bw'ingenzi bwo gupima. Ubushyuhe bw'umubiri n'amavuta y'uruhu byimurira kuri ibiti, bigatera kwaguka by'agateganyo no kwangirika burundu uko igihe kigenda.
• Kugenzura ubushyuhe: Ibipimo by'ubushyuhe biba ari byo koko iyo bipimwe ku bushyuhe bwa 20°C (68°F). Igipimo icyo ari cyo cyose gikorerwa hanze y'iki gipimo gisanzwe gisaba ko ubushyuhe bugabanuka.

Umwanzuro: Precision ZHHIMG® irakomeza

Ibipimo by'imashini ni intwari zitigeze zivugwa zigaragaza isi y'ubuhanga bugezweho. Ni zo ngingo zidahinduka ZHHIMG® ishingiraho ipima ibikoresho byayo bigezweho, ikerekana ko ibice byacu bya granite, ceramic, n'ibyuma bigera ku rugero rwa micrometer na nanometer rukenewe ku mashini zigezweho ku isi. Mu kubaha amateka no gukurikiza imikorere myiza y'ibi bikoresho by'ingenzi, dushyigikira buri wese urwego rw'ubuziranenge rutuma habaho iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga.