Gusobanukirwa neza CMM

Inyinshi muriImashini za Cmm (imashini zipima hamwe) byakozwe naibice bya granite.

Imashini zipima zihuza (CMM) ni igikoresho cyo gupima gikoreshwa mu buryo bworoshye kandi cyagize uruhare runini mu nganda, harimo no gukoreshwa muri laboratwari isanzwe y’ubuziranenge, ndetse n’uruhare ruherutse rwo gushyigikira umusaruro mu nganda mu nganda zikora mu buryo bugoye. Imyitwarire y’ubushyuhe bw’ibipimo bya CMM encoder iba ingenzi hagati y’inshingano zayo n’ikoreshwa ryayo.

Mu nkuru iherutse gusohoka yanditswe na Renishaw, havugwamo ibijyanye no gushyiraho uburyo bwo gushyiramo ikoranabuhanga rya encoder scale rigenda n’ubuhanga mu bya mudasobwa.

Ibipimo byo gupima imiterere y'ibipimo (encoder) ntibishingiye ku bushyuhe cyangwa ku bushyuhe bushingiye ku gipimo (mastered). Igipimo cyo kuzenguruka kirakura kandi kigashonga bitewe n'imiterere y'ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho byo kuzenguruka, mu gihe igipimo cyo kuzenguruka kirushaho kwiyongera kandi kigashonga ku gipimo kimwe n'igipimo cyo munsi. Ubuhanga bwo gupima imiterere y'ibipimo butanga inyungu zitandukanye ku buryo butandukanye bwo gupima: ingingo yanditswe na Renishaw igaragaza aho igipimo cyo kuzenguruka gishobora kuba igisubizo cyiza ku mashini zo muri laboratwari.

CMM zikoreshwa mu gufata amakuru y’ibipimo by’ibipimo bitatu ku bice by’imashini bikozwe neza cyane, nk’ibice bya moteri n’ibyuma bya moteri ya jet, nk’igice cy’inzira yo kugenzura ubuziranenge. Hari ubwoko bune bw’ibanze bw’imashini ipima: ikiraro, cantilever, gantry n’ukuboko gutambitse. CMM zo mu bwoko bwa bridge ni zo zikunze kugaragara cyane. Mu gishushanyo cya CMM, quill ya Z-axis ishyirwa ku igare rigenda ku kiraro. Ikiraro gitwarwa mu nzira ebyiri ziyobora mu cyerekezo cya Y-axis. Moteri itwara urutugu rumwe rw’ikiraro, mu gihe urutugu rutandukanye narwo rudatwarwa: imiterere y’ikiraro ikunze kuyoborwa / gushyigikirwa ku byuma bitera umwuka. Igare (X-axis) na quill (Z-axis) bishobora kuyoborwa n’umukandara, vis cyangwa moteri igororotse. CMM zagenewe kugabanya amakosa adasubiramo kuko bigoye kwishyura muri controller.

CMM zikora neza zigizwe n'igitanda cya granite gifite ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imiterere ikomeye y'ikiraro, gifite agapira gato gafite umuvuduko wo gupima imiterere y'ibikoresho by'akazi. Amakuru yakozwe akoreshwa kugira ngo ibice byuzuze ubushobozi bwagenwe. Udukoresho two gupima neza umurongo dushyirwa ku duce dutandukanye twa X, Y na Z dushobora kuba uburebure bwa metero nyinshi ku mashini nini.

CMM isanzwe yo mu bwoko bwa granite ikorera mu cyumba gifite icyuma gikonjesha, gifite ubushyuhe bwa 20 ± 2 °C, aho ubushyuhe bw'icyumba buzenguruka gatatu mu isaha, ituma granite ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi igumana ubushyuhe bwa 20 °C. Imashini ikora icyuma kidashonga ishyirwa kuri buri murongo wa CMM iba idashingiye ku gice cya granite kandi isubiza vuba impinduka mu bushyuhe bw'umwuka bitewe n'ubushyuhe bwayo bwinshi n'ubushyuhe buke, buri hasi cyane ugereranyije n'ubushyuhe bw'ameza ya granite. Ibi byatuma habaho kwaguka cyangwa kugabanuka k'ubunini ku murongo usanzwe wa metero 3 wa µm 60. Uku kwaguka gushobora gutera ikosa rikomeye ryo gupima rigoye kwishyura bitewe n'uko igihe cyaryo gihinduka.

Muri iki gihe, igipimo cya substrate gishingiye ku bushyuhe ni cyo gikwiriye: igipimo cya mastered cyaguka gusa hamwe na coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) ya granite substrate, bityo, kikaba kitagaragaza impinduka nini bitewe n'ihindagurika rito ry'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere. Impinduka z'igihe kirekire mu bushyuhe zigomba gusuzumwa kandi izi zizagira ingaruka ku bushyuhe mpuzandengo bwa substrate ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi. Kwishyura ubushyuhe biroroshye kuko umugenzuzi agomba kwishyura gusa imikorere y'ubushyuhe bw'imashini atitaye ku myitwarire y'ubushyuhe bwa encoder scale.

Muri make, sisitemu zo gupima zifite iminzani ishingiye ku bushobozi bw'imashini ni igisubizo cyiza cyane ku mibare ya CMM ifite CTE nke / imikoreshereze y'ubushyuhe bwinshi hamwe n'izindi porogaramu zisaba imikorere yo hejuru ya metrology. Ibyiza by'imibare ishingiye ku bushobozi birimo koroshya uburyo bwo gupima ubushyuhe n'ubushobozi bwo kugabanya amakosa yo gupima adasubirwamo bitewe, urugero, n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere mu mashini zo mu gace zikoreramo.