Inyigisho yo kuvugurura imashini ikoresha laser: Kugereranya uburyo imashini ikoresha granite n'icyuma gikozwe mu buryo bunoze mu gutunganya Picosecond.

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Mu buryo bwo gutunganya neza cyane imashini zigaragaza laser zo mu rwego rwa picosecond, ishingiro, nk'igice cy'ingenzi gishyigikira ibikoresho, guhitamo ibikoresho byabyo bigena mu buryo butaziguye uburyo bwo gutunganya neza. Granite n'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma ni ibikoresho bibiri bihuriweho mu gukora ishingiro. Iyi ngingo izagereranya ibintu nk'imiterere ifatika, ihame ryo kugabanya ubuziranenge, n'amakuru akoreshwa mu buryo bufatika, bitanga ishingiro rya siyansi ryo kuvugurura ibikoresho.
I. Itandukaniro ry'Imitungo Ifatika: Ishingiro ry'Imikorere Iboneye
Granite ni ibuye karemano rikomoka ku ivumbi, rigizwe no gukurura amabuye y'agaciro nka quartz na feldspar imbere. Rirangwa n'imiterere y'ubucucike n'ubukana bwinshi. Ubusanzwe ubucucike bwaryo buri hagati ya 2.7 na 3.1g/cm³, kandi ingano yaryo y'ubushyuhe ni nto cyane, hafi (4-8) × 10⁻⁶/℃, rishobora kurwanya ingaruka z'impinduka z'ubushyuhe ku buryo ibikoresho bikoresha neza. Byongeye kandi, imiterere yihariye ya granite iha ubushobozi bwiza bwo kuyungurura, bigatuma rishobora kwihutisha ingufu zo guhindagurika kw'ivumbi no kugabanya ingaruka zo guhindagurika kw'ivumbi mu gutunganya neza.
Ibyuma bikozwe mu nganda gakondo, bifite ubucucike bwa 7.86g/cm³, imbaraga zo gukanda cyane, ariko birashyuha cyane.
Umubare w’ubwiyongere (hafi 12×10⁻⁶/℃) ukubye inshuro 1.5-3 ugereranije n’uw’amabuye ya granite. Byongeye kandi, hari imiterere ya graphite iri mu cyuma gishongeshejwe. Mu gihe kirekire, iyi miterere ishobora gutuma ibintu birushaho guhungabana, bigatera ingaruka ku buryo ibintu bigumana neza, bityo bigatuma ubuziranenge bugabanuka.

Ii. Uburyo bwo Kugabanya Ubuziranenge mu Imashini zo ku rwego rwa Picosecond
Gutunganya laser yo ku rwego rwa Picosecond bifite ibisabwa byinshi kugira ngo ibidukikije bibe bihamye. Guhinduka guke kw'ibikoresho by'ibanze bizashyirwa mu bikorwa. Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe, guhindagura kw'ibikoresho, umunaniro mu gihe kirekire, nibindi, byose ni ibintu by'ingenzi bituma imiterere y'ibikoresho igabanuka.
Iyo ubushyuhe buhindutse, ingano ya granite irahinduka gato bitewe n’uko ubushyuhe bwayo buke bugabanuka. Ubushyuhe bwinshi bukabije butuma ishingiro rihinduka ku buryo bigoye kubibona n’amaso. Ubu bushyuhe buzagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku buryo inzira ya laser ihagaze neza kandi bugatuma aho ikimenyetso gishyirwa hahinduka. Ku bijyanye no guhindagurika, imiterere ya granite ishobora kugabanya guhindagurika kwa 100Hz mu masegonda 0.12, mu gihe icyuma gikoreshwa mu gucura gisaba amasegonda 0.9. Mu gihe cy’ihindagurika ry’ikirere, uburyo ibikoresho bifite ishingiro ry’icyuma gikoreshwa mu gucura burushaho guhindagurika.
Iii. Kugereranya amakuru yo kugabanya ubuziranenge
Dukurikije ibizamini by’ibigo by’inzobere, mu gihe cyo gushyira ikimenyetso cya laser ya picosecond amasaha 8, kugabanya ubuziranenge bw’aho ibikoresho bifite ishingiro rya granite biherereye ni ± 0.5μm. Kugabanya ubuziranenge bw’ibikoresho bifite ishingiro rya ferme bifata ± 3μm, bifite itandukaniro rigaragara. Mu bidukikije byiganjemo impinduka z’ubushyuhe bwa 5℃, ikosa ryo guhindura ubushyuhe bw’ibikoresho bifite ishingiro rya granite ni + 0.8μm gusa, mu gihe iry’ibikoresho bifite ishingiro rya ferme rikagera kuri + 12μm.
Byongeye kandi, ukurikije ikoreshwa ry’igihe kirekire, igipimo cy’ishingiro rya granite kitagenwe neza ni 0.03% gusa, mu gihe igipimo cy’ishingiro rya icyuma gishongeshejwe kitagenwe nabi kiri hejuru ya 0.5% bitewe n’ibibazo by’imiterere y’icyuma. Aya makuru agaragaza neza ko hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu gutunganya neza cyane, inyungu y’ishingiro rya granite ni ingenzi.
Iv. Inama zo kuvugurura no gukoresha neza
Ku bigo biharanira gutunganya neza, kuzamura ishingiro ry’icyuma gishongeshejwe kugeza ku ishingiro rya granite ni uburyo bwiza bwo kunoza imikorere y’ibikoresho. Mu gihe cyo kuvugurura, hagomba kwitabwaho uburyo ishingiro rya granite ritunganywa neza kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ubuso bungana n’ibikenewe mu gishushanyo. Muri icyo gihe, hamwe n’ibikoresho by’inyongera nka sisitemu yo gutandukanya umwuka n’ibintu bihindagurika, imikorere y’ibikoresho ishobora kunozwa kurushaho.
Muri iki gihe, mu nganda nko gukora imashini zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor chips no gutunganya ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, imashini zigaragaza ibimenyetso bya laser zifite ishingiro rya granite zakoreshejwe cyane, binongera umusaruro w’ibicuruzwa n’umusaruro. Urugero, nyuma y’uko uruganda runaka rukora ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga ruvuguruye ibikoresho by’icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma, igipimo cyo kwemeza imiterere y’ibicuruzwa cyariyongereye kuva kuri 82% kigera kuri 97%, kandi umusaruro wabyo wariyongereye cyane.
Mu gusoza, mu kuvugurura imashini zikoresha laser zo mu rwego rwa picosecond, granite, ifite ubushobozi bwo gushyuha cyane, ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe n'ubushobozi bwo kubika neza mu gihe kirekire, yabaye amahitamo meza kurusha icyuma gishongeshejwe. Ibigo bishobora guhitamo ibikoresho by'ibanze hakurikijwe ibyo bikenera mu gutunganya no mu ngengo y'imari kugira ngo bigere ku kuvugurura imikorere y'ibikoresho mu buryo bwuzuye.