Igitanda cy'imashini gikora nk'ishingiro ry'ibikoresho byose bya mashini, kandi inzira yo guteranya ni intambwe y'ingenzi igena ubukomere bw'imiterere, ubuziranenge bwa geometrike, no kudahungabana mu buryo burambye. Kubaka igitanda cy'imashini gikora neza ni ikibazo cy'ubuhanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga mu byiciro byinshi. Intambwe yose—kuva ku ikubitiro kugeza ku ivugurura rya nyuma—isaba kugenzura ibintu byinshi mu buryo buhuriweho kugira ngo igitanda gikomeze gukora neza mu gihe cy'imitwaro igoye.
Umushinga: Incamake y'ibanze n'urwego
Uburyo bwo guteranya butangirana no gushyiraho urwego rw'icyitegererezo ruhamye. Ibi bikunze kugerwaho hakoreshejwe icyuma gipima ubuso bwa granite cyangwa icyuma gipima laser nk'icyitegererezo cy'isi yose. Ishingiro ry'igitanda cy'imashini ribanza gupimwa hakoreshejwe uduce dupima ubuziranenge (chock blocks). Ibikoresho byihariye byo gupima, nk'urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga, bikoreshwa mu guhindura izi nkunga kugeza igihe ikosa riri hagati y'ubuso bw'inzira y'igitanda n'urwego rw'icyitegererezo rigabanutse.
Ku buriri bunini cyane, hakoreshwa ingamba zo kuringaniza mu byiciro: ingingo zo hagati zishyirwaho mbere, hanyuma kuringaniza bigana ku mpera. Gukurikirana buri gihe uburyo inzira igororotse hakoreshejwe ikimenyetso cyo gupima ni ngombwa kugira ngo hirindwe kugwa hagati cyangwa kugorama ku nkengero bitewe n'uburemere bw'igice. Hanakwitabwaho kandi ibikoresho by'inkingi zishyigikiwe; icyuma gikunze gutoranywa kubera ko gipima ubushyuhe nk'ubwo mu gikoresho cy'imashini, mu gihe udupapuro tw'impapuro dukoreshwa mu kugira ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe mu buryo bworoshye mu mihindagurikire. Agace gato k'amavuta yihariye yo kurwanya gufata ku buso bukoraho kagabanya ingaruka mbi zo gukururana no gukumira imitsi mito mu gihe cyo guhagarara igihe kirekire.
Guhuza neza: Guteranya sisitemu y'inzira iyobora
Sisitemu y'inzira y'umuyoboro ni yo ngingo y'ingenzi ishinzwe ingendo zigororotse, kandi uburyo iteranywa neza bujyanye neza n'ubwiza bw'ibikoresho. Nyuma yo gusana mbere na mbere hakoreshejwe imigozi yo gushaka aho ibintu biherereye, inzira y'umuyoboro irafungwa, kandi imbaraga zo gushyiramo imbaraga mbere yo gushyiramo imbaraga zikoreshwa neza hakoreshejwe ibyuma bikanda. Uburyo bwo gushyiramo imbaraga mbere yo gushyiramo imbaraga bugomba kubahiriza ihame "rimwe kandi rigenda rihinduka": imigozi irakomera buhoro buhoro uhereye hagati mu nzira y'umuyoboro ujya hanze, igakoresha imbaraga nke gusa muri buri ruziga kugeza igihe imiterere y'igishushanyo mbonera yujujwe. Ubu buryo bukomeye bubuza imbaraga zo gushyiramo imbaraga zishobora gutuma inzira y'umuyoboro igwa.
Ikibazo gikomeye ni uguhindura aho inzira inyura hagati y’udukingirizo tw’imashini n’inzira iyobora. Ibi bigerwaho binyuze mu gupima uburyo bwo gupima bwa feeler hamwe n’uburyo bwo gupima bwa dial. Mu gushyiramo feeler gauges z’ubugari butandukanye no gupima aho slider inyura ukoresheje dial indicator, hakorwa clearance-displacement curve. Aya makuru ayobora uburyo bwo guhindura pin cyangwa wedge blocks ku ruhande rw’icyuma giyobora, bigatuma habaho clearance imwe. Ku bijyanye n’uburiri bugezweho, filime ya nano-lubrication ishobora gushyirwa ku buso bw’inzira kugira ngo igabanye friction coefficient no kongera uburyo bworoshye bwo kugenda.
Guhuza gukomeye: Impuzandengo y'umutwe ku buriri
Isano iri hagati y'umutwe w'icyuma gifata umugozi, umutima w'ingufu zisohoka, n'aho imashini ikorera bisaba uburinganire bwitondewe bw'uburyo imizigo ikomeza gukwirakwira no kwitandukanya. Isuku y'aho ihurira ni ingenzi cyane; ahantu hahurira hagomba guhanagurwa neza n'icyuma cyabugenewe kugira ngo hakureho imyanda yose, hanyuma hagashyirwamo amavuta ya silikoni yihariye yo gusesengura kugira ngo yongere gukomera kw'aho ihurira.
Uburyo bwo gufunga bolt ni ingenzi cyane. Hakoreshwa imiterere ingana, akenshi "ikwirakwira uvuye hagati." Bolts zo mu gace ko hagati zibanza gufungwa, aho umurongo unyura hanze. Igihe cyo kurekura stress kigomba kugenzurwa nyuma ya buri gice cyo gufunga. Ku bikoresho by'ingenzi, icyuma gipima stress cya ultrasonic gikoreshwa kugira ngo gikurikirane imbaraga z'umurongo mu gihe nyacyo, gitanga uburyo bumwe bwo gukwirakwiza stress kuri bolts zose no gukumira gucika intege mu gace runaka bishobora gutera guhindagurika ku buryo butifuzwa.
Nyuma yo guhuza, hakorwa isesengura rya modal. Imashini itera imitingito ku miterere runaka ku mutwe, kandi accelerometers zikusanya ibimenyetso by'ibisubizo ku gice cy'imashini. Ibi byemeza ko imigendekere ya resonant y'ibanze yakuwemo bihagije n'urwego rw'imikorere ya sisitemu. Iyo hagaragaye ibyago byo kugabanuka k'umuvuduko, kugabanya umuvuduko bikubiyemo gushyiraho imiyoboro ya damping ku rubuga cyangwa gutunganya neza bolt mbere yo gushyiramo ingufu kugira ngo hongerwe inzira yo kohereza imitingito.
Igenzura rya nyuma n'indishyi ku buziranenge bwa jeometrike
Iyo imashini imaze guteranywa, igomba gusuzuma neza imiterere y'imashini. Interferometer ya laser ipima ubuziranenge, ikoresheje indorerwamo kugira ngo yongere ubusumbane buto ku burebure bw'umuhanda. Sisitemu y'ikoranabuhanga ikora isuzuma ubuso, igashyiraho ishusho ya 3D uhereye ku ngingo nyinshi zo gupima. Autocollimator igenzura imiterere y'urumuri isesengura ihindura isura y'ahantu hagaragara urumuri ruturutse kuri prism isobanutse neza.
Itandukaniro iryo ari ryo ryose ryagaragaye ritari ryoroshye risaba kwishyurwa neza. Ku makosa yo kugororoka mu muhanda, ubuso bw'icyuma gishyigikira bushobora gukosorwa hakoreshejwe gukurura intoki. Umukozi utanga ikoranabuhanga ashyirwa ku ngingo zo hejuru, kandi gukururana kw'icyuma gikurura ibintu biva kuri slider bigaragaza imiterere y'aho bihurira. Ingingo zo hejuru zikurwaho neza kugira ngo zigere ku murongo w'ibitekerezo. Ku buriri bunini aho gukurura bidashoboka, ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurura ibintu hakoreshejwe hydraulic rishobora gukoreshwa. Silinda ntoya za hydraulic zishyirwa mu duce dushyigikira, bigatuma habaho guhindura ubunini bw'icyuma binyuze mu guhindura umuvuduko w'amavuta, bigatuma ibintu bihinduka neza nta gukuraho ibikoresho bifatika.
Gutanga serivisi zo gupakurura no gupakurura
Icyiciro cya nyuma kigizwe no gutangira gukoresha. Mu gihe cyo gukuramo ibikoresho mu buryo butari bwashyizwemo ibikoresho, igitanda gikora mu buryo bwa "simulated" mu gihe kamera ikoresha ubushyuhe bwa infrared igenzura ubushyuhe bw'umutwe w'icyuma kandi ikagaragaza ahantu hashyushye ho mu gace runaka kugira ngo hakonjeshe imiyoboro. Ibikoresho bipima ihindagurika ry'umuvuduko wa moteri, bigatuma habaho gukosora aho imiyoboro inyura. Icyiciro cyo gukuramo ibikoresho mu buryo butari bwashyizwemo ibikoresho byongera buhoro buhoro imbaraga zo gukata, bikareba uburyo igitanda gitembera n'ubwiza bw'ingufu zikozwe mu mashini kugira ngo byemezwe ko imiterere y'icyuma ihuye n'ibipimo by'imiterere mu gihe cy'ingufu nyazo.
Guteranya igice cy’icyuma gikoresha imashini ni uburyo bwo guhuza neza inzira nyinshi kandi zigenzurwa neza. Binyuze mu gukurikiza cyane amabwiriza yo guteranya, uburyo bwo kwishyura buhindagurika, no kugenzura neza, ZHHIMG igenzura neza uburyo imashini ikoresha imashini ikoresha neza mu gihe cy’imitwaro igoye, bitanga ishingiro ritajegajega ry’imikorere y’ibikoresho byo ku rwego rw’isi. Uko ikoranabuhanga ryo kumenya no guhindura ibintu mu buryo bwikora rikomeza gutera imbere, guteranya imashini mu gihe kizaza bizarushaho kuba byiza kandi bikozwe neza, bigatera inganda gukora ibintu mu buryo bushya bwo gukora ibintu neza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-14-2025