Ese koko Granite Surface Plate yawe ikora neza ku bushobozi bwayo bwose?

Injira mu iduka ry’imashini rikora neza cyane, muri laboratwari yo gupima, cyangwa mu kigo cy’indege giteranyirizwamo ibintu mu Burayi cyangwa muri Amerika ya Ruguru, ushobora gusanga ahantu hazwi: isafuriya yijimye kandi irabagirana y’amabuye y’agaciro ikoreshwa nk’ishingiro rituje ry’ibipimo by’ingenzi. Iyi ni Granite Surface Plate—inkingi y’ingenzi mu gupima ibintu mu gihe kirenga mirongo itanu y’ikinyejana. Ariko hari ikibazo abantu bake bibaza: ese iyo safuriya itanga ukuri yari yagenewe, cyangwa imikorere yayo iri kwangizwa bucece n’uburyo yashyizweho, ishyigikiwe, kandi ibungabungwa?

Ukuri ni uko,Isahani yo hejuru ya GraniteNi ikintu kirenze ibuye rirambuye gusa. Ni ikintu cy’ubukorikori gikozwe mu buryo buhanitse—icyitegererezo cy’ukuri kw’ubugenge. Nyamara abayikoresha benshi cyane bayifata nk’ibikoresho byo mu nzu: bayihambiriye ku gisenge cyoroheje, bayishyira hafi y’aho ubushyuhe buturuka, cyangwa bayisiga idakinguye imyaka myinshi bitewe n’uko “granite idahinduka.” Nubwo ari ukuri ko granite itanga ubusugire budasanzwe ugereranije n’ibyuma, ntabwo idashobora gukora amakosa. Kandi iyo ihujwe n’ibikoresho by’ubuhanga nk’ibipimo by’uburebure, ibimenyetso by’ubugari, cyangwa ibipimo by’amajwi, ndetse no kugabanuka kwa mikoro 10 bishobora gutera ibibazo bikomeye.

Aha niho itandukaniro riri hagati y'isahani idafite ibara n'uburyo bwuzuye riba ingenzi. Isahani y'ubuso bwa Granite ifite aho ihagarara si iyo koroshya gusa—ni iyo kugenzura ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo. Isahani si ikintu cy'inyongera; ni igice cyakozwe mu buryo bwa tekiniki gituma isahani iguma iringaniye, ihamye, kandi igera ku bantu mu buryo busanzwe. Iyo itabayeho, ndetse n'isahani yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ishobora kugwa, kunyeganyega, cyangwa guhinduka—igapima buri gipimo cyafashweho.

Reka dutangire n'ibikoresho ubwabyo. Granite y'umukara yo mu rwego rwa Metrology—ikunze guturuka mu birombe byo mu Buhinde, mu Bushinwa, cyangwa muri Scandinavia—itoranywa kubera imiterere yayo ya isotropic, kwaguka kwayo mu bushyuhe buke (hafi 6–8 µm/m·°C), hamwe n'imiterere yayo karemano yo guhumeka. Bitandukanye n'icyuma gishongeshejwe, gitera ingese, kigakomeza gushyuha mu mikorere, kandi kikaguka ku buryo bugaragara bitewe n'ubushyuhe, granite igumana imiterere ihamye mu duce dusanzwe two gukoreramo. Niyo mpamvu amahame mpuzamahanga nka ASME B89.3.7 (US) na ISO 8512-2 (isi yose) avuga ko granite ari yo yonyine yemewe mu gukoresha neza amasafuriya yo hejuru akoreshwa mu gupima no kugenzura.

Ariko ibikoresho byonyine ntibihagije. Tekereza kuri ibi: Icyuma gisanzwe cya Granite gifite uburebure bwa mm 1000 x 2000 gipima ibiro bigera kuri 600–700. Iyo gishyizwe ku butaka butaringaniye cyangwa ku gitereko kidakomeye, imbaraga rukuruzi zonyine zishobora gutera uduce duto tw’impinduka—cyane cyane hagati. Utu duce dushobora kutagaragara ku maso ariko tukagereranywa na interferometry, kandi tugaca ukubiri n’ubushobozi bwo gupima ubugari. Urugero, icyapa cya Grade 0 cy’ubwo bunini kigomba kugumana ubugari buri muri mikoro ± 13 ku buso bwacyo bwose nk’uko ISO 8512-2 ibivuga. Icyapa gishyigikiwe nabi gishobora kurenga ibyo byoroshye—nubwo granite ubwayo yaba yarahambiriye neza.

Ubwo ni bwo bubasha—n'igikenewe—bw'umugambi wubatsweIsahani yo hejuru ya Granitehamwe n'aho bahagarara. Aho bahagarara hameze neza cyane bikora ibirenze kuzamura isahani kugeza ku burebure bwa ergonomic (ubusanzwe ni mm 850–900). Itanga inkunga y'ingingo eshatu cyangwa nyinshi zibazwe neza ijyanye n'ingingo karemano z'aho bahagarara kugira ngo idapfukama. Irimo uburyo bukomeye bwo gufata ibirenge kugira ngo idahinduka. Byinshi muri byo birimo ibirenge bihindagurika cyangwa imigozi yo kwitandukanya kugira ngo birinde ibintu bihungabanya hasi biva ku mashini ziri hafi aho. Hari n'aho bashyiraho imiyoboro yo gufunga kugira ngo ikureho static—ikenewe cyane mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga cyangwa mu byumba byo gusukura.

Muri ZHHIMG, twakoranye n'abakiriya bakekaga ko plaque yabo ya granite "yari nziza bihagije" kuko yasaga neza kandi itaracitse. Umwe mu bacuruzi b'imodoka bo mu Burengerazuba bwo hagati yavumbuye ko hari ibimenyetso bihindagurika ku miterere y'imodoka. Nyuma y'iperereza, nyirabayazana ntiyari CMM cyangwa umukozi wayo—yari icyuma cyakozwe mu rugo cyahindukaga munsi y'umutwaro. Guhindura plaque yemewe ya Granite ifite stand, yakozwe hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya ASME, byakuyeho itandukaniro mu ijoro ryose. Igipimo cyabyo cy'ibisigazwa cyagabanutseho 30%, kandi ibibazo by'abakiriya birashira.

Ikindi kintu gikunze kwitabwaho ni ugupima. Isahani y'ubuso bwa Granite—yaba ihagaze cyangwa ishyizwemo—igomba kuvugururwa buri gihe kugira ngo ikomeze kuba yizewe. Amabwiriza ateganya ko isuzuma ry'amasahani rikorwa buri mwaka, nubwo laboratwari zifite ubuhanga buhanitse zishobora kubikora buri mezi atandatu. Gupima by'ukuri si ikimenyetso cya rubber; bikubiyemo gushushanya ahantu amagana ku buso hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, autocollimators, cyangwa laser interferometers, hanyuma bigakorwa ikarita igaragaza ihinduka ry'uburebure kuva ku buso kugera ku buso. Aya makuru ni ingenzi kugira ngo ISO/IEC 17025 ikurikize amategeko kandi yitegure kugenzura.

Kubungabunga nabyo ni ingenzi. Nubwo granite idasaba amavuta cyangwa irangi ridasanzwe, igomba gusukurwa buri gihe hifashishijwe inzoga ya isopropyl kugira ngo ikurweho ibisigazwa by'ubukonje, uduce tw'icyuma, cyangwa umukungugu ushobora kwinjira mu myenge mito. Ntukigere ushyira ibikoresho biremereye hejuru y'ubutaka nta dupapuro two kurinda, kandi wirinde gukurura uduce tw'uburinzi—buri gihe uzamura hanyuma ushyireho. Bika isahani ipfundikiye iyo idakoreshwa kugira ngo wirinde ko ibintu byanduza ikirere.

Mu guhitamo Plate y'ubuso bwa Granite, nturebe kure y'ubwiza. Emeza:

• Icyiciro cyo kugorora (Icyiciro cya 00 cyo muri laboratwari zo gupima, Icyiciro cya 0 cyo kugenzura, Icyiciro cya 1 cyo gukoresha muri rusange)
• Icyemezo cya ASME B89.3.7 cyangwa ISO 8512-2
• Ikarita irambuye y'ubugari bw'ibanga—si inyandiko gusa yo gutsinda cyangwa gutsindwa
• Inkomoko n'ubwiza bw'amabuye ya granite (ibinyampeke byiza, nta mikurire cyangwa imitsi ya quartz)

Kandi ntugasuzugure stand. Baza umutanga serivisi niba yakozwe hakoreshejwe isesengura ry’imiterere, niba ibirenge byo kuringaniza birimo, kandi niba inteko yose yarageragejwe munsi y’umutwaro. Muri ZHHIMG, buri Plate ya Granite ifite stand dutanga irashyirwa mu byiciro, yemejwe ukwayo, kandi iherekejwe n’icyemezo cya NIST cyo gukurikirana. Ntitugurisha slabs—dutanga sisitemu zo gupima.

Kuko amaherezo, gukora neza si ukugira ibikoresho bihenze cyane. Ni ukugira fondasiyo ushobora kwizera. Waba urimo kugenzura icyuma cya turbine, ushyira ku murongo igice cy'imbere cy'ibumba, cyangwa upima uburebure bw'ibipimo, amakuru yawe atangirira ku buso buri munsi yacyo. Niba ubwo buso butari burambuye, buhamye kandi budashobora gukurikizwa, ibintu byose byubatsweho birakekwa.

Ibaze rero uti: iyo upimye ibipimo by'ingenzi cyane uyu munsi, ese ufite icyizere mu byo ureberera—cyangwa wiringira ko bikiri ukuri? Muri ZHHIMG, twizera ko icyizere atari ingamba zo gupima. Turagufasha gusimbuza ibitagenda neza n'imikorere yemejwe—kuko ubunyangamugayo nyakuri butangirira hasi.