Mu rwego rw'ibikoresho by'inganda bigezweho, gukomera kwa granite ahanini biterwa n'imiterere yayo y'amabuye y'agaciro, ubucucike bw'imiterere, n'ibipimo by'imikorere ifatika (nk'urugero rw'ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe, igipimo cyo kwinjiza amazi, n'imbaraga zo gukanda), aho kuba ibara ryayo ubwaryo. Ariko, ibara akenshi rigaragaza itandukaniro mu buryo butaziguye mu miterere y'amabuye y'agaciro n'imiterere yayo. Kubwibyo, mu mikoreshereze ifatika, granite y'amabara amwe n'amwe ikundwa cyane bitewe n'imikorere yayo ihebuje. Isesengura ryihariye ni iri:
I. Isano ritaziguye hagati y'ibara n'ubudahinduka
Ibara rya granite rigenwa n'imiterere y'amabuye y'agaciro yayo, kandi imiterere y'amabuye y'agaciro igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku miterere yayo:
Granite y'amabara yoroheje (nk'umweru w'imvi, umutuku w'iroza)
Ibigize amabuye y'agaciro: Ahanini ni quartz na feldspar (bigera kuri 60% kugeza kuri 80%), hamwe n'ingano nto ya mica cyangwa amphibole.
Quartz (ifite ubucucike bwa 2.65g/cm³) na feldspar (ifite ubucucike bwa 2.5-2.8g/cm³) bifite ubukana bwinshi, ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kudahinduka mu binyabutabire, kandi ubushyuhe buragabanuka cyane (ubusanzwe 5-8×10⁻⁶/℃), kandi ntibikunze kugerwaho n’impinduka z’ubushyuhe.
Imiterere y'imiterere: Yaremwe mu gace gafite imiterere ihamye (nk'ubukonje buke mu gice cy'isi kitambitse), ifite uduce duto twa kristu, imiterere y'ubucucike, imyenge mike (0.3% - 0.7%), umuvuduko muto wo kwinjiza amazi (<0.15%), kandi irwanya cyane impinduka.
Ikoreshwa risanzwe: Ibikoresho byo gukora chips za elegitoroniki, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga bigezweho (nk'amamashini akoresha fotolithography), bigomba kugumana ubuziranenge bw'ibipimo igihe kirekire.
Granite yijimye (nk'umukara, icyatsi kibisi cyijimye)
Ibigize imyunyungugu: Ikungahaye ku myunyungugu ya feri na manyeziyumu (nka amphibole, biotite, pyroxene), kandi igice kimwe kirimo imyunyungugu ya simbi ikomeye nka magnetite na ilmenite.
Amphibole (ubucucike 3.0-3.4g/cm³) na biotite (ubucucike 2.7-3.1g/cm³) bifite ubucucike buri hejuru, ariko coefficients zazo zo kwaguka k'ubushyuhe ziri hejuru gato ugereranyije n'iza quartz (kugeza kuri 8-12×10⁻⁶/℃), kandi imiterere yazo ishobora guhinduka gato bitewe n'ingufu zirimo icyuma.
Imiterere y'imiterere: Ikunze kubakwa ahantu hashyuha cyane kandi hafite umuvuduko mwinshi (nk'ubukonje bwihuse bwa magma yimbitse), hamwe n'uduce duto twa kristale ndetse n'itandukaniro rigaragara mu bucucike bw'imiterere. Amwe mu magma yijimye (nk'icyatsi cya Jinan) afite imiterere imwe kandi ihamye bitewe n'imikorere ikomeye ya magma no kurekura burundu umuvuduko w'imbere.
Imikoreshereze isanzwe: Imashini zikoresha ibikoresho bikomeye, imashini nini zo gupima (CMM), zigomba kwihanganira imitwaro myinshi no kudahura n'ingaruka.
Ii. Ibipimo by'ingenzi byerekana ko ibintu bihamye mu nganda
Uko ibara ryabyo ryaba ringana kose, ibisabwa by'ingenzi kuri granite mu bikoresho by'ubuhanga mu nganda birimo:
Ubushyuhe buhamye
Shyira imbere guhitamo ubwoko bufite igipimo gito cyo kwaguka k'ubushyuhe (<8×10⁻⁶/℃) kugira ngo wirinde ko ibikoresho bihindagurika bitewe n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe. Granite y'ibara ryoroheje (nk'umweru wa sesame) ifite ubushyuhe buhamye kurushaho bitewe n'uko ifite quartz nyinshi.
Ubucucike bw'inyubako
Granite ifite imyenge iri munsi ya 0.5% n'umuvuduko wo kwinjiza amazi uri munsi ya 0.1% ntabwo ikunda guhumeka ubushuhe cyangwa imyanda kandi ntabwo ishobora kwangirika mu gihe kirekire. Izinan Green zombi muri granite yijimye (ifite imyenge iri hagati ya 0.3%) na Shanxi Black muri granite yoroheje (ifite imyenge iri hagati ya 0.2%) zujuje ibisabwa ku bucucike bwinshi.
Imbaraga za mekanike
Ingufu zo gukanda zirenze 150MPa naho imbaraga zo gukanda zirenze 12MPa, biha ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibikoresho bigezweho mu gihe kirekire. Granite yijimye (nk'umukara wo mu Buhinde) ubusanzwe ifite imbaraga nyinshi za mekanike bitewe n'uko hari amabuye y'agaciro ya feri na manyeziyumu kandi ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu bintu bikomeye.
Ubudahangarwa bw'imiti mu kurwanya ingese
Quartz na feldspar birwanya cyane aside na alkali. Kubwibyo, granite y'amabara yoroheje (nk'umukara wa sesame) ikwiriye cyane ahantu hashobora kwangirika mu nganda zikora imiti n'ibinyabutabire.
Iii. Amahitamo n'imanza by'ingenzi mu rwego rw'inganda
Granite y'ibara ryoroheje: Amahitamo meza cyane ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'ubuhanga bwo hejuru
Ubwoko bw'ibipimo:
Sesame Yera: Yakorewe muri Fujian, ifite ibara ryoroheje ry'umukara, ifite quartz irenga 70%. Igipimo cyayo cyo kwaguka k'ubushyuhe ni 6 × 10⁻⁶/℃. Ikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'imashini zikora lithography ya semiconductor n'ibikoresho byo kugenzura ikirere.
Icyatsi cya Jinan: Ibara ry'umukara wijimye, imiterere imwe, imbaraga zo gukanda 240MPa, ikunze gukoreshwa nk'ishingiro ry'imashini zipima (CMM).
Ibyiza: Ifite ibara rimwe, yorohereza uburyo bwo kugenzura inzira y'urumuri rw'ibikoresho by'urumuri; Ifite ubushyuhe buke kandi ikwiranye n'ibisabwa ku rwego rwa nanometero.
Granite yijimye: Ikunda gukoreshwa cyane kandi idatera impanuka
Ubwoko bw'ibipimo:
Galeri y'umukara: Ibara ry'umukara, irimo ilmenite, ifite ubucucike bwa 3.05g/cm³ n'imbaraga zo gukanda za 280MPa. Ikoreshwa mu byuma biyobora imashini biremereye ndetse n'ibikoresho byo gukora imodoka.
Umukara wo muri Mongoliya: Icyatsi cyijimye, ahanini ni amphibole, gifite ubudahangarwa bukomeye, gikoreshwa nk'ishingiro ry'ibikoresho byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro.
Ibyiza: Ubucucike bwinshi, gukomera gukomeye, gushobora kwakira imihindagurikire ya mekanike, ikwiriye ahantu hakorerwa imirimo myinshi y'inganda.
Kane. Umwanzuro: Ibara si ryo rigena imikorere; imikorere ni yo shingiro
Ibara ≠ rihamye: Granite y'amabara yoroheje n'iy'umukara ifite ubwoko buhamye cyane. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukudahinduka kw'amabuye y'agaciro, imiterere yayo, n'ibimenyetso bifatika.
Ihame ryo guhuza n'ahantu habera:
Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga/by'ikoranabuhanga: Hitamo ubwoko bw'amabara yoroheje bufite quartz nyinshi (nk'umweru wa sesame), bigashimangira ubushyuhe buhamye n'ubuziranenge bw'ubuso.
Ibikoresho by'imashini zikomeye/inganda: Hitamo ubwoko bw'amabuye y'agaciro afite ibara ryijimye kandi afite icyuma kinini (nk'ubururu bwa Jinan), ashimangira imbaraga za mekanike n'ubudahangarwa bw'inkongi.
Igitekerezo cyo kugura: Emeza ibipimo nka coefficient of thermal expansion, rate of absorption water, and compression strength ukoresheje raporo z'ibizamini (nka GB/T 18601-2020 "Natural Granite Building Slabs"), aho gucira urubanza ukurikije ibara gusa.
Mu gusoza, mu rwego rw'inganda, guhitamo granite bishyira imbere imikorere kandi bikongerwaho n'amabara. Isuzumabumenyi rirambuye rigomba gukorwa hamwe n'ibisabwa by'ibikoresho byihariye n'ahantu bikoreshwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-19-2025