Mu gihe cyo kwiga imashini, kuki abahanga mu by'ubuhanga mu by'imashini bagikomeza kwizera ikibaho cy'amabuye?

Imiterere y'inganda zigezweho igaragazwa n'uburyo bugoye bwo gukora ibintu: ikoranabuhanga ryihuse cyane, uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru mu buryo bwihuse, n'ubwenge bw'ubukorano buyobora intwaro za robo. Nyamara, mu mutima w'uru rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga hari ukuri kumwe, kudahinduka, kandi kudahinduka: Imbonerahamwe ya Granite Metrology. Ubu buso bw'ibanze, akenshi bukunze kuba icyuma cy'umukara gipima neza, buracyari igipimo cy'ingenzi gishingiraho mu gusuzuma ubuziranenge bwose bw'ibipimo.

Gukomeza kwishingikiriza kuIbikoresho byo gupima GraniteMu nganda zikora ikoranabuhanga rihanitse—kuva ku gukora ibikoresho bya semiconductor kugeza ku by’indege—si ikimenyetso cy’umuco, ahubwo ni ukwemera byimbitse fiziki y’ibikoresho. Iyo sisitemu zisaba ubuziranenge kugeza kuri nanometer, urufatiro ubwarwo rugomba kuba nta makemwa, rufite umutekano udasanzwe ku buryo nta sisitemu y’ikoranabuhanga ikora ishobora kwigana neza.

Fiziki idahinduka ya Granite

Ikibazo cy'ingenzi mu gupima neza cyane ni ugutandukanya ibipimo n'urusaku rw'ibidukikije. Uru rusaku rugaragara mu buryo bubiri bwangiza: ubushyuhe buhindagurika n'ingufu zihindagurika.

1. Gutsinda Ubushyuhe Bukabije

Impamvu ikunze kugaragara cyane itera amakosa mu nganda ni ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe. Iyo ibikoresho bishyushye, birakura; iyo bikonje, biragabanuka. Igipimo cy'iri hinduka kigengwa na Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE). Ibyuma, nk'icyuma n'icyuma gishongeshejwe, bigaragaza CTE nyinshi. Ndetse n'ihindagurika rito ry'ubushyuhe rishobora gutuma icyuma gihinduka na mikorometero nyinshi - guhomba ako kanya mu isi ya mikorometero nke.

Granite yihariye y’umukara ifite CTE iri hasi cyane, bigatuma ihora ihamye cyane. Ubu bwiza butuma Granite Metrology Table igumana ubugari n’ingano byayo byemejwe nubwo ubushyuhe bw’ikirere buhindagurika. Byongeye kandi, ubucucike bwinshi bw’ibikoresho butuma bitwara ubushyuhe buhoro buhoro, bigakora nk’ikibuno cy’ubushyuhe kandi bikagabanya ingaruka zo guhindagurika k’ubushyuhe ku buso bwabyo.

2. Gukuraho akajagari ka tekiniki

Buri gorofa ry’uruganda rihura n’ibintu bihindagurika—kuva kuri compressors, HVAC, intambwe, n’imodoka zigenda kure. Ibi bihindagurika, nubwo akenshi bitabonwa n’abantu, bishobora gutuma igipimo cya laser cy’ubuhanga cyangwa bigahungabanya imiterere y’igice cy’ubuhanga.

Granite irakomeye hano kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'imbere. Bitandukanye n'icyuma, gikunda gucuranga cyangwa gusohora ijwi iyo gikubiswe, granite ihita isesagura ingufu za mekanike imbere. Iyo igikoresho gifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru, nka CMM cyangwa igikoresho gikurikirana laser, gishyizwe ku gice cy'umukara gipima neza, granite yemeza ko amakuru yapimwe agaragaza imiterere y'igice, atari urusaku rw'ikirere. Uku guhuza CTE nke n'ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe bwinshi bituma granite iba ibikoresho byonyine bitagira aho bihurira bikwiye gukoreshwa nk'ishingiro ry'ibipimo bigoye cyane ku isi.

Imbonerahamwe y'ibipimo bya Granite: Gusobanura Indege ya Zeru

Ishingiro ry'igenzura ry'ibipimo niImbonerahamwe y'ibipimo bya Granite, ubusanzwe bisobanurwa nk'isahani y'ubuso bw'umukara ikoze neza cyane. Iyi si intebe ikomeye yo gukoreramo gusa; ni urwego rwa zeru—ubuso bwagenwe kandi bwemejwe aho ibipimo byose by'umurongo n'inguni bikomoka.

Izi mbonerahamwe zikozwe ku bipimo bigoye cyane, akenshi zikurikiza amahame mpuzamahanga nka DIN 876, ASME B89, cyangwa JIS B 7510. Ingano y'icyapa cy'ubuso (urugero, Ingano ya 00, Ingano ya 000) igena ihinduka ryemewe ry'ubugari mu gice cyose cy'akazi. Ingano yo hejuru igera ku bugari bupimwe muri nanometero gusa, igikorwa gikomeye cyagezweho gusa binyuze mu buryo bwitondewe bwo gufunga.

Imikorere y'urupapuro rwo hejuru irenze gushyigikira igice gusa:

• Gushyiraho Datum: Itanga umurongo wa datum utunganye cyangwa urwego rw'igenzura ryose rya geometrike, igenzura ko ibipimo by'ubugari, uburebure, n'ubugari byose bifitanye isano n'agace kamwe k'icyitegererezo kemejwe.

• Ibikoresho byo guhuza: Ameza akora nk'ishingiro rihamye ry'ibikoresho byo gupima Granite (nk'ibice kare, ibipimo bingana, na V-blocks) ndetse n'ibikoresho bigezweho nka levels za elegitoroniki na interferometer za laser.

Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima by'ibikoresho byo gupima Granite

Igice cyo hejuru ni cyo gishingirwaho, ariko imikorere yacyo igenzurwa n'urusobe rw'ibikoresho byo gupima bya Granite bishyirwa kuri cyo. Ibi bikoresho bigishyigikira bitanga uburenganzira bwo kohereza no kwemeza ukuri kw'ubuziranenge bw'ishusho.

• Ingano za Granite: Zikoreshwa mu kuzamura no gushyigikira ibikoresho by'akazi mu gihe zigumana uburyo bwo gupima ibintu. Gukomera kwabyo bituma icyerekezo cy'igice kidahungabana mu gihe cyo gupima.

• Granite V-Blocks: Ni ngombwa mu gushyiraho ibintu bifite uruziga (imigozi, imigozi) no kwemeza ko umurongo w'uruziga uhuye neza n'umurongo w'icyerekezo, intambwe y'ingenzi mu gupima ibintu bidasobanutse neza no gupima ikirere.

• Granite Tri Squares n'Inkombe Zigororotse: Nkuko byavuzwe mu zindi nzego, ibi bikoresho byimura ubugari bw'isahani mu burebure butunganye kandi bugororotse, bigatuma abatekinisiye bagenzura neza uko imashini zigenda cyangwa imiterere yazo ihagaze.

Gukoresha granite ifite ubucucike bwinshi kuri ibi bikoresho byose bipima bigabanya ubusumbane bw'ibikoresho kandi bigatuma uburyo bwose bwo gupima bungana mu bushyuhe no mu buryo bwa kinetiki.

Ububasha Budacogora bw'Ubukorikori n'Ubukurikirane

Ubushobozi bwo gukora amasahani manini kandi meza y’umukara yo hejuru akozwe mu buryo bwa granite bisaba ishoramari atari mu mashini zigezweho gusa—nk’ibigo bitunganya CNC bifite ubushobozi buhanitse cyane n’imashini zisya za 6000 mm—ahubwo no mu mubiri w’umuntu. Intambwe ya nyuma, y’ingenzi yo gushushanya ubuso iracyari ubuhanga bw’ubukorikori.

Inganda zikomeye zigumana abakozi b'abahanga mu by'ubuhanga bashobora gukora no gukosora amakosa ku rwego rwa sub-micron, ubuhanga bumaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo butangwa. Ubu buhanga bushyirwa mu bikorwa binyuze mu kwiyemeza ku buryo buhamye kugenzura ubuziranenge. Ibikoresho byose byo gupima Granite bigomba kwemezwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho (nk'ibyuma bipima laser n'ibipimo by'ikoranabuhanga) ubuziranenge bwabyo bushobora gukurikiranwa neza n'ibipimo mpuzamahanga (urugero, NIST, NPL, PTB). Uru ruhererekane ruhoraho rwo gupima rutanga icyizere gikenewe n'inganda aho ubuziranenge bungana n'umutekano, imikorere myiza, n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.

Filozofiya iyobora uru rwego ni imwe mu budakemwa: “Ubucuruzi bw’ubuhanga ntibushobora kuba busaba imbaraga nyinshi.” Kuba hariho Imbonerahamwe y’Ubumenyi bw’Ibanze ya Granite mu buryo bworoshye kandi butajegajega mu bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga rihanitse bigaragaza ko nubwo imashini zishobora gukora akazi gakomeye, ukuri kw’imiterere y’ibishushanyo bigomba guhora bigaragazwa n’ubudakemwa bw’amabuye butuje kandi budahinduka.