Gushaka uburyo bwo gukora neza ni cyo kintu kiranga inganda zigezweho zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho. Kuva ku gukora ibikoresho bya semiconductor kugeza ku gukora imashini za CNC zihuta cyane, ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ugutuza no gukora neza bipimirwa muri nanometero. Uku gukenera ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu mu buryo burambye byatumye ibikoresho byinshi gakondo bidahagije, abahanga mu by'imashini n'abahanga mu by'ibiza bagaruka ku gisubizo gisa n'icya kera: granite. Iri buye riramba kandi rikozwe mu buryo busanzwe, iyo ritoranijwe kandi rigatunganywa n'amatsinda yihariye nka ZHONGHUI (ZHHIMG®), rishyiraho urufatiro rw'ingenzi kandi rucecetse rw'ibikoresho by'inganda bizakoreraho.
Isi y’ibipimo, mu buryo busobanutse, igomba gushyiraho urwego rw’icyerekezo ruhamye kandi ruhamye. Iyo imashini zikeneye kubona ahantu hafite ubuziranenge bwa sub-micron, ibidukikije n’ibikoresho by’ibanze ni byo by’ingenzi cyane. Guhindagurika k’umunota guterwa n’ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe, stress y’imbere, cyangwa guhindagurika kw’ikirere bishobora gukwirakwiza amakosa yangiza umusaruro uhenze. Aha niho siyansi y’ibikoresho by’umukara byihariye itsinda icyuma cyangwa icyuma gishongeshejwe.
Ingingo y'ingenzi ku bikoresho: Impamvu Granite irusha icyuma gukora neza
Ibyuma bigezweho by’ibikoresho by’imashini byari bisanzwe byubatswe mu cyuma cyangwa mu byuma bishongeshejwe. Nubwo ibi byuma bitanga ubukana bwinshi, bifite imbogamizi ebyiri zikomeye mu gukoresha neza cyane: ubushobozi buke bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe n’ibipimo byinshi byo kwagura ubushyuhe (CTE). Ibyuma bizamera nk'inzogera iyo bishyushye bitewe n'imbaraga zo hanze, bigakomeza guhindagurika kw'ikirere bihita bibangamira uburyo bwo gupima cyangwa gukora. Byongeye kandi, n'impinduka nto z'ubushyuhe zitera kwaguka cyangwa guhindagurika gukomeye, bigahindura ishingiro kandi bigatuma imashini yose isohoka mu buryo butunguranye.
Granite, cyane cyane ubwoko bwihariye kandi bufite ubucucike bwinshi bukoreshwa n'abayobozi b'inganda, ihindura iyi equation. Imiterere yayo ni isotropic mu buryo busanzwe, bivuze ko imiterere yayo ingana mu mpande zose, kandi CTE yayo iri hasi cyane ugereranyije n'iy'ibyuma. Icy'ingenzi ni uko granite ifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho - yinjiza kandi igakuraho imitingito ya mekanike vuba. Uku guhagarara k'ubushyuhe n'imitingito bituma iba substrate yonyine yizewe ku bikorwa bigoye cyane, nka Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs) n'ibikoresho bigezweho byo kugenzura wafer.
Urugero, granite y'umukara ya ZHHIMG ifite ubucucike bugera kuri 3100 kg / m³. Ubu bucucike bwinshi budasanzwe ntibushobora kuganirwaho; bufitanye isano itaziguye no kugabanuka kw'imyenge no kwiyongera k'ubudahangarwa bwo kwinjiza ubushuhe, birushaho gutuma igice kidahinduka mu bidukikije. Ubu buhanga buhanitse bw'umubiri - abahanga benshi basanga buruta ndetse n'ubusanzwe bw'i Burayi n'Amerika bw'umukara bungana - ni urwego rwa mbere rw'icyizere rwubatswe muri buri gice. Gutandukana n'iri hame, nko gukoresha ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hasi cyangwa ubundi buryo buhendutse bwa marble, bitanga imbogamizi z'umubiri zihita zibangamira ubuziranenge bwa nanometer busabwa n'umukiriya. Kwiyemeza gukoresha ibikoresho fatizo byiza gusa ni ikipimo ngenderwaho mu by'umuco no mu bya tekiniki muri uru rwego.
Intambara yo Kurwanya Urusaku rw'Ibidukikije: Urubuga rw'ibikoresho byo gukingira imitingito ya granite
Mu buryo bunoze, umwanzi ukomeye si imashini ubwayo, ahubwo ni urusaku rw'inyuma rudasobanutse: intambwe z'umukoresha, urusaku rw'ikamyo iri kure, cyangwa imikorere y'uturemangingo twa HVAC turi hafi aho. Uku kuzenguruka kw'ibidukikije bisa n'aho ari guke bihagije kugira ngo ishusho ihinduke munsi ya mikorosikopi ikomeye cyangwa ngo ishyiremo amagambo mu buryo bwiza bwo gukora imashini. Niyo mpamvu urubuga rwo gukingira rwa granite ari ingenzi cyane—rukora nk'inkingi ya nyuma y'ubudahangarwa hagati y'isi yo hanze irimo imidugararo n'uburyo bwo gupima bwihuse.
Izi mbuga si amatafari ya granite gusa; ni sisitemu zakozwe neza cyane. Zikoresha ubushobozi bwo gufunga granite hamwe na sisitemu zigezweho zo gufunga cyangwa gufunga elastomeric. Uburemere bunini butangwa na granite ifite ubucucike bwinshi buyungurura neza imitingito ya frequency yo hejuru, mu gihe sisitemu yo gufunga ikora ikemura ibibazo bya frequency yo hasi. Uburemere n'ubukomere bw'igice cya granite—gikorwa n'ibikoresho bishobora gufata inyubako za monolithic kugeza kuri toni 100—bituma frequency karemano y'iteraniro ryose ishyirwa munsi cyane y'intera isanzwe y'ibikoresho biyikikije, bigatuma agace 'gatuje' aho gupima bishobora gukorwa nta nkomyi.
Kubaka ibidukikije by’inganda ubwabyo ni igihamya cy’akamaro k’uru rubuga. Ibikoresho byihariye byo gukora, nk’ibikorerwa na ZHHIMG, bifite ibyumba bisukuye bigenzurwa n’ubushyuhe kandi bihorana ubushuhe, akenshi bingana na metero kare 10.000. Ibi bikoresho bikoresha hasi hanini cyane, hadakoreshwa sima, rimwe na rimwe hagakoreshwa uburebure bwa mm 1000, kandi bikikijwe n’imiyoboro miremire irwanya guhindagurika. Ndetse n’ibyuma biri hejuru y’uru rubuga bitoranywa kugira ngo bikoreshwe mu buryo 'bucece'. Iri shoramari mu bidukikije bihamye ni ingenzi cyane, cyane cyane ku bice bigenewe gukoreshwa mu buryo bw’ibanga nko guteranya ibikoresho bya semiconductor, aho imikorere y’uru rubuga igena umusaruro mu buryo butaziguye. Filozofiya y’ubuhanga ni iyoroshye ariko ntigoramye: niba udashobora gupima ibidukikije neza, ntushobora gukora urubuga rwizewe.
Gusobanura Ubuziranenge: Uruhare rw'Abategetsi ba Granite Bagenzuwe
Ubuziranenge butangwa n'urutonde rw'ibanze bugomba kwimurirwa ku bice byimuka by'imashini, amaherezo bukagenzurwa n'ibikoresho byo gupima. Ubu buryo bwo kugenzura bushingiye ku bipimo ngenderwaho by'ubuziranenge kandi ubwabyo nta gushidikanya. Aha niho urwego rwa kera rwa Granite rufite ubuziranenge buhanitse cyane, Granite Straight Ruler ifite ubuso bune buhanitse, biba ibikoresho by'ibanze.
Igipimo cya AA cy'Impamyabumenyi
ItsindaIkirahuri cy'ibara rya graniteIcyiciro cya AA ni cyo gipimo cy’ingenzi cy’ubuziranenge bw’inguni n’aho ibintu biri muri CMM no mu guteranya ibikoresho by’imashini bigezweho. Inyito ya 'Igiciro cya AA' ubwayo ni igipimo cyemewe na bose (akenshi gihuye n’ibisobanuro nka DIN 875 cyangwa ASME B89.3.7) kigaragaza urwego rwo hejuru rw’ubuhanga bwo kwihanganira ibintu. Kugira ngo ugere kuri iki gipimo bisaba ubusumbane, ubwisanzure, n’ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibintu bupimwe mu bice bya micron—urwego rushobora kugerwaho gusa binyuze mu guhagarara neza kw’ibikoresho no kurangiza witonze cyane. Iyo wubaka imashini akeneye kwemeza ko umurongo ugororotse (Z-axis) ugororotse neza ku murongo utambitse (XY plane), umurongo wa kare wa AA utanga icyerekezo kidahinduka, gikurikije ubuziranenge aho imiterere y’imashini ifungirwa. Hatabayeho iki gikoresho, ubuziranenge bwemewe bwa geometrike ntibushoboka.
Uburyo bwo gusesengura ibintu byinshi
Imashini ya Granite Straight Ruler ifite ubuso bune bugororotse ni ikindi gikoresho cy'ingenzi, cyane cyane mu guhuza sisitemu z'ingendo ndende, nk'iziboneka mu mashini zicukura za PCB cyangwa ibyuma binini bya laser. Bitandukanye n'imashini zoroshye, ubuso bune bugororotse bwemerera imashini gukoreshwa atari mu kugenzura uburebure bwayo gusa ahubwo no mu kwemeza ko imashini zigororotse zigororotse n'ubugari hagati y'ibintu by'imashini icyarimwe. Ubu bushobozi bwo gukora ubuso bwinshi ni ingenzi mu gukora igenamigambi ryuzuye aho imikoranire hagati y'imirongo myinshi igomba kwemezwa. Irangizwa ry'ubuziranenge kuri ubwo buso, ryagezweho binyuze mu myaka myinshi y'ubumenyi n'imyitozo, rituma ibi bikoresho bitakoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo kugenzura gusa ahubwo no nk'ibikoresho byo guteranya ubwabyo.
Ubutegetsi budacogora bw'ubukorikori n'amahame mpuzamahanga
Urwego rwa nyuma rw’ubuyobozi n’ubuhanga, akenshi byirengagizwa, ni urwego rw’umuntu ruhujwe no gukurikiza amahame mpuzamahanga mu buryo butajegajega. Urugendo rwo kuva ku gice cy’amabuye y’agaciro kidakoreshejwe neza kugera ku buso bunini bungana na nanometero rugenwa n’ibikorwa bya siyansi n’ubukorikori.
Inganda zikomeye zemera ko kubahiriza amahame agenga isi yose—harimo DIN y’Abadage (nka DIN 876, DIN 875), GGGP-463C-78 yo muri Amerika na ASME, JIS y’Abayapani, na BS817 y’Abongereza—nta gusubirwaho. Ubu bushobozi mpuzamahanga bwemeza ko igice cyakorewe muri Aziya gishobora guhuzwa neza mu mashini yubatswe hakurikijwe amabwiriza y’i Burayi cyangwa kigapimwa hakoreshejwe CMM igenzurwa n’Abanyamerika.
Iyi gahunda ishyigikiwe n'ubuhanga bw'abatekinisiye barangiza. Si ugukabya kuvuga ko ibice bya granite binonosoye cyane birangiranwa n'intoki. Mu mahugurwa yihariye y'amatsinda yagenewe gukora neza cyane, abahanga mu gusya bafite uburambe burenga imyaka mirongo itatu. Nk'uko abakiriya bakunze kubisobanura, ni "abagenda ku rwego rwa elegitoroniki." Uburyo bwabo bwo gukora bubafasha gupima ikurwa ry'ibikoresho ku rwego rwa micro-one cyangwa sub-micron bakoresheje uburyo bumwe bwo gukora imashini isya—ubuhanga nta mashini ya CNC ishobora kwigana. Ubu bwitange bwemeza ko nubwo ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa ari 1 μm, umufundi akora ku buryo bushobora kugera ku gipimo cya nanometer.
Byongeye kandi, ubu buhanga bw'intoki bwemezwa n'ibikorwaremezo bya metrology bigezweho ku isi, birimo Mahr (kugeza kuri 0.5 μm), urwego rwa elegitoroniki rwa WYLER rwo mu Busuwisi, na Interferometers za Reinshaw Laser zo mu Bwongereza. Buri gikoresho cyo kugenzura kigomba kuba gikurikiranwa n'ibigo by'igihugu n'iby'amahanga by'ibipimo, bigatuma habaho uruhererekane rudacika rw'ubuyobozi bwo gupima. Ubu buryo buhuriweho—ibikoresho byiza cyane, ibikoresho byo ku rwego rw'isi, kubahiriza amahame atandukanye ku isi, n'ubukorikori bwemewe bw'abantu—ni byo bituma abayobozi nyakuri ba granite ikora neza.
Ejo hazaza hahamye
Ikoreshwa ry’izi fondasiyo zihamye cyane rikomeje kwaguka vuba, rirenga kure CMM zisanzwe rijya mu nzego zikura cyane: ishingiro rya sisitemu za laser za Femtosecond na Picosecond, urubuga rwa Linear Motor Stages, ishingiro ry’ibikoresho bishya byo kugenzura bateri z’ingufu, n’intebe z’ingenzi zo guhuza imashini zikora perovskite.
Inganda ziyobowe n'ukuri kworoshye, gukubiye mu bitekerezo by'abayobozi bazo: “Ubucuruzi butunganye ntabwo bushobora kuba busaba imbaraga nyinshi.” Mu irushanwa ryo kwihanganirana gukomeye, ubufatanye bwizewe n'umucuruzi wiyemeje gukorera mu bwisanzure, guhanga udushya, ubunyangamugayo, n'ubumwe—kandi usezeranya ko nta buriganya, nta guhisha, nta kuyobya—buba ingenzi nk'uko ibice ubwabyo bibikora. Kuramba n'ububasha bw'ibice byihariye bya granite bigaragaza ko rimwe na rimwe, ibisubizo bigezweho cyane bikomoka ku bikoresho by'ibanze, bigatunganywa kandi bigasuzumwa ku mahame mbwirizamuco n'ikoranabuhanga byo hejuru isi isaba. Gukomera kw'amabuye bikomeza kuba ukuri kutajegajega mu isi ihindagurika cyane y'ubuziranenge bukabije.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-08-2025