Uburyo bwo Kumenya Uburyohe Bw'izuba Buvuka Bute? Gusesengura Imiterere y'Icyumba cya Granite n'Uburyo bwo Kubungabunga Ubuziranenge

Mu nganda zikora neza cyane no mu gupima, icyuma cya granite ni ishingiro ritavuguruzwa—aho gupima ingano y’ibipimo bingana. Ubushobozi bwacyo bwo gufata ikirere hafi ya cyose si ikintu gisanzwe, ahubwo ni umusaruro w’uburyo bwo kugitunganya bugenzurwa neza, bugakurikirwa no kugitunganya buri gihe. Ariko se ni uruhe rugendo ruhamye icyuma cya granite gifata kugira ngo kigere ku buziranenge nk’ubwo, kandi ni izihe gahunda zikenewe kugira ngo kibeho? Ku bahanga n’abayobozi b’ubuziranenge, gusobanukirwa inkomoko y’ubu buziranenge n’intambwe zikenewe kugira ngo kibungabungwe ni ingenzi kugira ngo kibungabungwe ubuziranenge bw’inganda.

Igice cya 1: Uburyo bwo Gushushanya—Ubuhanga bwo Kugorora

Urugendo rw'isahani ya granite, kuva ku gice gikata neza kugera ku gice cy'ubuso cy'urugero rw'icyitegererezo, rukubiyemo urukurikirane rw'intambwe zo gusya, gutuza no kurangiza, buri kimwe kigamije kugabanya buhoro buhoro amakosa y'ubuso.

Mbere na mbere, nyuma yo gukata, icyuma gishyirwamo imiterere iteye ubwoba no gusya. Iki cyiciro gikuraho ibikoresho byinshi kugira ngo hamenyekane imiterere ya nyuma n'ubugari buteye ubwoba. Icy'ingenzi ni uko iki gikorwa kinafasha mu kurekura byinshi mu bisigazwa by'amabuye mu gihe cyo gucukura no gukata bwa mbere. Mu kureka icyuma "kigahagarara" kandi kigasubira guhagarara neza nyuma ya buri ntambwe ikomeye yo gukuraho ibikoresho, tuba twirinze ko urwego rw'inyuma ruhinduka, bityo tukaba twizeye ko kizahora gihamye mu gihe kirekire.

Impinduka nyayo iba mu gihe cy’Ubuhanzi bwo Gutunganya neza. Gutunganya ni inzira ya nyuma, yihariye cyane itunganya ubuso buto buto bugahinduka urwego rwemewe. Ibi si ugusya hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga; ni igikorwa cyitondewe, cyihuta kandi gikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi. Dukoresha ibintu bito, birekuye kandi birekuye—akenshi diyama irimo urusenda—bimanitswe mu buryo bw’amazi, bishyirwa hagati y’ubuso bwa granite n’icyuma gikomeye gikozwe mu cyuma gifunga. Ingendo igenzurwa neza kugira ngo habeho gukuraho ibikoresho bimwe ku buso. Iyi ngaruka, isubirwamo n’intoki no mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga mu ntambwe zisubiramo, buhoro buhoro itunganya ubugari bwa micron cyangwa sub-micron (byujuje amahame akomeye nka ASME B89.3.7 cyangwa ISO 8512). Ubuziranenge bugerwaho hano ni ubw’imashini gusa, ahubwo ni ubw’umuhanga mu kuyikoresha, tubona nk’ikintu cy’ingenzi kandi kidasimburwa.

Igice cya 2: Kubungabunga—Urufunguzo rwo Gukomeza Gukora neza

Isahani y'ubuso bwa granite ni igikoresho gipima neza, ntabwo ari intebe yo gukoreramo. Iyo imaze kwemezwa, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kugumana ukuri bushingira gusa ku mikorere y'abayikoresha n'ibidukikije.

Kugenzura ibidukikije ni cyo kintu gikomeye cyane bigira ingaruka ku buryo granite ikora neza. Nubwo granite ifite igipimo gito cyo kwaguka k'ubushyuhe (COE), itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe hagati y'ubuso bwo hejuru n'ubwo hasi (ubushyuhe buhagaze) rishobora gutuma icyuma cyose gihinduka nk'aho kiri hejuru cyangwa hasi. Kubwibyo, icyuma kigomba kugenzurwa kure y'izuba ryinshi, ikirere gikonjesha, n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ahantu heza hagumana ubushyuhe buhamye bwa 68°F ± 1°F (20℃ ± 0.5℃).

Ku bijyanye n'amabwiriza agenga ikoreshwa n'isuku, gukoresha neza ahantu runaka bituma habaho kwangirika gukabije. Kugira ngo tubirwanye, turakugira inama yo kuzenguruka icyuma gipima ahantu hacyo buri gihe no gukwirakwiza ibikorwa byo gupima ku buso bwose. Gusukura buri gihe ni ngombwa. Ivumbi n'imyanda mito bikora nk'ibintu bigabanya ubukana, byihutisha kwangirika. Hagomba gukoreshwa gusa ibikoresho byihariye byo gusukura granite, cyangwa inzoga ya isopropyl alcohol ifite isuku nyinshi. Ntukigere ukoresha isabune yo mu rugo cyangwa isuku ishingiye ku mazi ishobora gusiga ibisigazwa bito cyangwa, mu gihe cy'amazi, igakonjesha by'agateganyo ikagoreka ubuso. Iyo isahani idakora, igomba gupfukwa n'igipfundikizo gisukuye, cyoroshye, kidatera ubukana.

Hanyuma, ku bijyanye no kongera gukoresha neza no kuvugurura, nubwo byaba ari ukwitonda cyane, kwangirika ni ngombwa. Bitewe n'urwego rw'ikoreshwa (urugero, Icyiciro AA, A, cyangwa B) n'umusaruro w'ibikoresho, plaque y'ubuso bwa granite igomba kongera gukoreshwa buri mezi 6 kugeza kuri 36. Umutekinisiye wemewe akoresha ibikoresho nka autocollimators cyangwa laser interferometers kugira ngo agaragaze aho ubuso butandukaniye. Iyo plaque irenze urugero rwayo rwo kwihanganira, ZHHIMG itanga serivisi z'inzobere zo kongera gukoresha. Iyi nzira ikubiyemo kugarura plaque y'ubuziranenge aho ikorera cyangwa mu kigo cyacu kugira ngo twongere kuvugurura neza ubugari bw'umwimerere bwemewe, dusubize neza igihe cy'imikorere y'igikoresho.

Mu gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo kurema ibintu bikomeye no kwiyemeza gukora gahunda ihamye yo kubungabunga, abakoresha bashobora kwemeza ko amasafuriya yabo ya granite aguma ari urufatiro rwizewe rw'ibyo bakeneye byose mu buziranenge, imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo.