Mu isi y’inganda zikora ibintu neza, aho ubuhanga buhanitse ku rwego rwa nanometer bushobora gukora cyangwa kwangiza umusaruro, uburyo bwo gupima ibintu neza ni ingenzi cyane mu gupima ibintu neza. Muri ZHHIMG, tumaze imyaka myinshi tunonosora ubuhanga n’ubumenyi bwo gukora ibice bya granite, duhuza ubuhanga gakondo n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho kugira ngo dutange ubuso bukoreshwa nk’icyitegererezo cy’inganda kuva ku nganda zikora ibintu bya semiconductor kugeza ku buhanga mu by’indege. Uburyo bwo gutandukanya inguni, inkingi y’ingenzi mu nzira yacu yo kugenzura ubuziranenge, bugaragaza icyerekezo cy’iyi gahunda—guhuza ubuhanga mu mibare n’ubuhanga bwo gukora kugira ngo harebwe ko ubushobozi buhanitse mu buryo burwanya imipaka y’ikoranabuhanga ryo gupima.
Ubumenyi bwihishe inyuma yo kugenzura ubugari bw'ubutaka
Imbuga zo gupima za granite, zikunze kwitwa "marble" mu mvugo y'inganda, zakozwe mu miyoboro ya granite yatoranijwe yatoranijwe kubera imiterere yazo idasanzwe ya kristu n'ubushyuhe buhamye. Bitandukanye n'ubuso bw'icyuma bushobora kugaragaza impinduka za pulasitiki mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe, granite yacu y'umukara ya ZHHIMG®—ifite ubucucike bwa kg 3100/m³—igumana ubuziranenge bwayo ndetse no mu nganda zikomeye. Iyi nyungu karemano ni yo shingiro ry'ubuziranenge bwacu, ariko ubuziranenge nyakuri busaba kugenzura neza binyuze mu buryo nk'uburyo bwo gutandukanya inguni.
Uburyo bwo gutandukanya inguni bukora ku ihame ryoroshye kandi ritesha agaciro: dupimye inguni z’impande ziri hagati y’ingingo zegeranye ku buso, dushobora kongera kubaka imiterere yabwo mu buryo bwa mibare mu buryo butangaje. Abatekinisiye bacu batangira bashyira icyuma gipima neza gifite inclinometers z’ibanga ku buso bwa granite. Bagenda mu buryo bunoze mu buryo bw’inyenyeri cyangwa imiterere y’urukuta, bandika intera z’impande ku ntera zagenwe mbere, bakora ikarita irambuye y’intera za Microscopic za platform. Ibi bipimo by’impande bihindurwamo intera z’umurongo hakoreshejwe imibare ya trigonometric, bigaragaza ihindagurika ry’ubuso rikunze kugabanuka munsi y’uburebure bw’urumuri rugaragara.
Igituma ubu buryo bugira imbaraga cyane ni ubushobozi bwabwo bwo gufata ibyuma binini—bimwe birenza metero 20 z'uburebure—bikoresheje uburyo buhamye. Nubwo ubuso buto bushobora kwishingikiriza ku bikoresho byo gupima bitaziguye nka laser interferometers, uburyo bwo gutandukanya inguni ni bwiza cyane mu gufata ihindagurika rito rishobora kubaho ku nyubako za granite ndende. “Twabonye ihindagurika rya 0.002mm ku nyubako ya metero 4 ritari kumenyekana hakoreshejwe uburyo busanzwe,” Wang Jian, umuhanga mu by'ibiza ufite uburambe bw'imyaka irenga 35, yibuka. “Ubwo buryo bwo gukora neza ni ingenzi iyo wubaka ibikoresho byo kugenzura semiconductor bipima imiterere ya nanoscale.”
Uburyo bwo gutandukanya inguni ni uburyo bwa autocollimator, bukoresha uburyo bwo guhuza urumuri kugira ngo bugere ku musaruro nk'uwo. Mu kwerekana urumuri rwa collimated ku ndorerwamo zikozwe neza zishyizwe ku kiraro kigenda, abatekinisiye bacu bashobora kubona impinduka ntoya nka 0.1 arc-segonda - zingana no gupima ubugari bw'umusatsi w'umuntu uri mu birometero 2. Ubu buryo bwo kugenzura inshuro ebyiri butuma buri puratifomu ya ZHHIMG yujuje cyangwa irenga amahame mpuzamahanga, harimo DIN 876 na ASME B89.3.7, bigatuma abakiriya bacu bagira icyizere cyo gukoresha ubuso bwacu nk'icyitegererezo cy'ibanze mu mikorere yabo yo kugenzura ubuziranenge.
Gukora Ubuhanga Bugezweho: Kuva ku Cyari kugeza kuri Quantum
Urugendo rwo kuva ku gice cy’amabuye cya granite kidakoreshejwe kugeza ku kibanza cyemewe cyo gupima ni igihamya cy’uko kamere itunganye kandi ifite ubuhanga bwa muntu. Igikorwa cyacu gitangirana no guhitamo ibikoresho, aho abahanga mu by’ubutaka batoranya ibice bivuye mu mabuye yihariye yo mu Ntara ya Shandong, azwiho gukora granite ifite imiterere idasanzwe. Buri gice gikorerwa isuzuma rya ultrasound kugira ngo hamenyekane imvune zihishe, kandi abafite imvune zitari munsi ya eshatu kuri metero kibe ni bo bonyine bakomeza gukora—ibisanzwe birenga cyane amahame ngenderwaho y’inganda.
Mu nyubako yacu igezweho hafi ya Jinan, izi bloki zihinduka binyuze mu buryo bucungwa neza. Imashini zigenzura imibare za mudasobwa (CNC) zibanza gukata granite kugeza kuri 0.5mm uvuye ku bipimo bya nyuma, zikoresha ibikoresho bifite diyama bigomba gusimburwa buri masaha 8 kugira ngo bikomeze gukata neza. Iyi miterere y'ibanze ibera mu byumba bifite ubushyuhe buhamye aho ikirere gihora gihindagurika kuri 20°C ± 0.5°C, bikarinda ko ubushyuhe bwangirika bugira ingaruka ku bipimo.
Ubuhanzi nyakuri bugaragara mu byiciro bya nyuma byo gusya, aho abanyabukorikori b'abahanga bakoresha ubuhanga bwahererekanyijwe mu bisekuruza. Bakoresheje imashini zikora ubutare zikozwe muri oxide zimanitse mu mazi, aba banyabukorikori bamara amasaha agera ku 120 barangiza buri metero kare y'ubuso, bakoresheje ubushobozi bwabo bwo gukoraho kugira ngo bamenye icyuho gito nka mikoroni 2. Liu Wei, umuhanga mu gusya wo mu gisekuru cya gatatu wafashije mu gukora urubuga rwa Jet Propulsion Laboratory ya NASA, arasobanura ati: “Nyuma y'imyaka 25, intoki zawe zikuramo kwibuka neza.”
Iyi nzira ikoreshwa n'intoki si gakondo gusa—ni ingenzi kugira ngo abakiriya bacu bagere ku rwego rwa nanometero isabwa. Nubwo hari imashini zisya za CNC zigezweho, imiterere y'ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya granite ikora imisozi miremire n'ibibaya bito cyane, aho ubwenge bw'umuntu gusa bushobora koroshya buri gihe. Abanyabukorikori bacu bakorana babiri babiri, basimburana hagati yo gusya no gupima bakoresheje German Mahr. Ingano y'iminota ibihumbi icumi (0.5μm resolution) n'urwego rwa elegitoroniki rwa Swiss WYLER, bireba ko nta buso burenze ubushobozi bwacu bwo guhagarara bwa 3μm/m ku mbuga zisanzwe na 1μm/m ku manota y'ubuziranenge.
Uretse Ubuso: Kugenzura ibidukikije no kuramba
Urubuga rwa granite rukora neza rwizewe gusa nk'ibidukikije rukoreramo. Tubisobanukiwe, twakoze icyo twizera ko ari kimwe mu bigo bitunganya ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe bigezweho mu nganda (ibigo bigenzura ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe), biherereye kuri metero kare 10.000 mu kigo cyacu gikuru. Ibi byumba bifite ubugari bwa metero 1 bw'ubugari bwa sima, byakuwemo umuyoboro wa mm 500 w'ubugari bwa anti-seismic (imiyoboro igabanya ubushuhe) kandi bikoresha cranes zituje zigabanya ubukana bw'ikirere—ibintu by'ingenzi iyo bipima ubusumbane buto kurusha virusi.
Ibipimo by’ibidukikije hano ni byinshi cyane: ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe rigarukira kuri ± 0.1°C mu masaha 24, ubushuhe buguma kuri 50% ± 2%, kandi umubare w’uduce tw’umwuka uguma kuri ISO 5 (uri munsi y’uduce 3,520 twa 0.5μm cyangwa tunini kuri metero kibe). Ibi bintu ntibitanga gusa ibipimo nyabyo mu gihe cyo gukora ahubwo binagaragaza ibidukikije bigenzurwa aho urubuga rwacu ruzakoreshwa. Zhang Li, inzobere mu by’ubwubatsi bw’ibidukikije, agira ati: “Dupima buri urubuga mu bihe bikomeye kurusha ibyo abakiriya benshi bahura nabyo.” “Niba urubuga rugumana umutekano hano, ruzakora ahantu hose ku isi.”
Ubu bwitange bwo kugenzura ibidukikije bugera no ku bikorwa byacu byo gupakira no kohereza ibicuruzwa. Buri rupangu rupfunyitse mu gipfunyika cya foam gifite ubugari bwa cm 1 kandi ruhambiriwe mu masanduku y’ibiti yihariye ariho ibikoresho bigabanya umuvuduko, hanyuma rujyanwa mu byuma byabugenewe bifite sisitemu zo guhagarika ingendo mu kirere. Ndetse tunakurikirana impanuka n’ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gutwara ibintu dukoresheje sensoreri za IoT, tugaha abakiriya amateka yuzuye y’ibidukikije by’ibicuruzwa byabo mbere yuko biva mu kigo cyacu.
Umusaruro w'ubu buryo bwitondewe ni umusaruro ufite ubuzima bwiza budasanzwe. Nubwo impuzandengo y'inganda igaragaza ko urubuga rwa granite rushobora gukenera kongera gupimwa nyuma y'imyaka 5-7, abakiriya bacu bakunze gutangaza ko rukora neza mu gihe cy'imyaka 15 cyangwa irenga. Ubu buzima burambye ntibukomoka gusa ku ituze ry'uruvange rw'uruvange ahubwo bunaturuka ku nzira zacu zo kugabanya stress, zisaba gusaza ibiti by'umwimerere mu gihe cy'amezi 24 mbere yo gukora imashini. Chen Tao, umuyobozi ushinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge, yagize ati: “Twasabye umukiriya gusubiza urubuga kugira ngo rusuzumwe nyuma y'imyaka 12. Ubugari bwarwo bwari bwarahindutseho 0.8μm gusa—muri gahunda yacu yo kwihanganira. Iryo ni itandukaniro rya ZHHIMG.”
Gushyiraho Ibipimo ngenderwaho: Impamyabushobozi n'Icyemezo Mpuzamahanga
Mu nganda aho ibivugwa ko ibintu ari ingenzi, kwemeza ibintu ku giti cyabyo ni byinshi. ZHHIMG yishimiye kuba ari yo nganda yonyine mu rwego rwacu ifite ibyemezo bya ISO 9001, ISO 45001, na ISO 14001 icyarimwe, ikinyuranyo kigaragaza ubwitange bwacu mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge, umutekano w’aho bakorera, no kwita ku bidukikije. Ibikoresho byacu byo gupima, birimo ibikoresho bya Mahr byo mu Budage n’ibikoresho bya Mitutoyo byo mu Buyapani, bigenzurwa buri mwaka n’Ikigo cy’Intara ya Shandong gishinzwe Metrology, kandi bikurikirana amahame y’igihugu binyuze mu igenzura rihoraho.
Izi mpamyabumenyi zafunguye amarembo ku bufatanye n'imwe mu miryango isaba cyane ku isi. Kuva ku gutanga ibikoresho bya granite ku mashini za Samsung zikora lithography kugeza ku gutanga ubuso bw'ifatizo bwa Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt yo mu Budage (PTB), ibice byacu bigira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ku isi. “Ubwo Apple yatwegeraga kugira ngo tugerageze ibikoresho bya AR, ntibashakaga gusa umutanga serivisi—bashakaga umufatanyabikorwa ushobora gusobanukirwa imbogamizi zabo zidasanzwe zo gupima,” nk'uko bivugwa n'umuyobozi mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ubucuruzi, Michael Zhang. “Ubushobozi bwacu bwo guhindura urubuga rwacu ndetse n'uburyo bwo kugenzura bwagize itandukaniro rikomeye.”
Ahari ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane ni ugushimwa n'ibigo by'amashuri biri ku isonga mu bushakashatsi ku bipimo. Ubufatanye na Kaminuza y'Igihugu ya Singapuru na Kaminuza ya Stockholm yo muri Suwede byadufashije kunoza uburyo bwacu bwo gutandukanya inguni, mu gihe imishinga ihuriweho na Kaminuza ya Zhejiang yo mu Bushinwa ikomeje kuzamura imbibi z'ibishobora gupimwa. Ubu bufatanye butuma ubuhanga bwacu butera imbere hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga rishya, kuva kuri quantum computing kugeza ku gukora bateri zo mu gisekuru gitaha.
Mu gihe tureba ahazaza, amahame ashingiye ku buryo bwo gutandukanya inguni aracyafite akamaro nk'uko bisanzwe. Muri iki gihe cyo kwiyongera kw'imikorere y'ikoranabuhanga, twasanze ibipimo byizewe cyane bigituruka ku guhuza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n'ubuhanga bw'abantu. Imashini zacu z'inganda zisya, zifite ubushobozi bwo "kumva" mikoroni zo gutandukana, zikorana na sisitemu zo gusesengura amakuru zikoresha ubuhanga bwa AI zitunganya ingingo ibihumbi z'ibipimo mu masegonda. Ubu buryo bw'imikoranire—ubushaje n'ubushya, bw'abantu n'imashini—busobanura uburyo bwacu bwo kugera ku buziranenge.
Ku bahanga mu by’ikoranabuhanga n’abahanga mu by’ubuziranenge bashinzwe kugenzura ko ibicuruzwa byabo ari ukuri, guhitamo urubuga rwo gupima ni ingenzi. Ntabwo ari ugukurikiza ibisabwa gusa ahubwo ni no gushyiraho aho bashobora kwiringira mu buryo butaziguye. Muri ZHHIMG, ntitwubaka gusa urubuga rwa granite—twubaka icyizere. Kandi mu isi aho igipimo gito cyane gishobora kugira ingaruka nini, icyo cyizere ni cyo kintu cyose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-03-2025