Ni gute ibuye rishobora gutuma imashini imenya ibintu bishya “ikomera nk'umusozi”? Guhishura amayobera atambitse y'ishingiro rya granite.

Muri laboratwari ikora ibikoresho by’ubuhanga mu gukora imashini zikozwe mu buryo bunoze, hari "intwari igaragara inyuma y'ibishushanyo" - imashini ya granite. Ntugasuzugure iri buye. Ni ryo shingiro ryo kwemeza ko igeragezwa ry’imashini za wafer ritangiza ibidukikije rikorwa neza! Uyu munsi, reka turebere hamwe uburyo rituma ibikoresho byo gupima bihora "bigororotse kandi bihagaze neza".

1. Wavutse ufite "gene ihamye"
Granite si ibuye risanzwe. Imiterere yayo y'imbere imeze nk'"icyitegererezo cy'amabuye y'agaciro" gifatanye cyane. Quartz, feldspar n'izindi kristu zitondetse neza, zifite ubucucike bwinshi cyane kandi nta mwanya zirimo. Ibi ni nko kubaka inzu ukoresheje sima ikomeye, ikomeye kandi ihamye. Iyo ibikoresho byo kugenzura "biyicayeho", nubwo byaba bipima toni nyinshi, guhinduka kw'ishingiro rya granite ntabwo ari ikintu kinini, kimwe cya cumi cy'icyuma gusa!

Igitangaje kurushaho ni uko idatinya cyane impinduka z'ubushyuhe. Ibikoresho bisanzwe by'icyuma bikunze "kwaguka no kwiyongera ibiro" iyo bishyushye kandi "bigashonga hanyuma bigakomera" iyo bikonje. Ariko, granite isa nkaho ifite "ubushyuhe buhoraho". Iyo ubushyuhe buhindagurikaho 1°C, kwaguka no guhindagurika kwayo ni kimwe cya cumi cy'umusatsi w'umuntu. Tugomba kumenya ko nubwo habayeho impinduka nto mu bushyuhe bwa laboratwari ipima, ishingiro rya granite rishobora gushyigikira ibikoresho neza no gukumira ubunini bwabyo "guhinduka".
Icya kabiri, uburyo bwo gutunganya "ibisobanuro bya shitani"
Kugira ngo ishingiro rya granite rirusheho kuba ryiza, injeniyeri yakoresheje "ikoranabuhanga ry'umukara" mu gutunganya. Tekereza gusya amabuye bakoresheje "super sandpaper" ikozwe muri diyama - uku ni ko imashini isya ifite imigozi itanu ikora. Izasya ubuso bwa granite kugira ngo bube burambitse kuruta indorerwamo mu ntambwe eshatu:

Gusya nabi: Ubwa mbere, kuraho ibisebe ku ibuye hanyuma ugenzure ubugari bwaryo kugeza kuri kimwe cya makumyabiri cy'umusatsi w'umuntu.
Gusya neza: Gutunganya neza kurushaho, hamwe n'ubugari bwiyongereye kugeza kuri kimwe cya mirongo itanu cy'umusatsi w'umuntu.
Gusya neza: Amaherezo, iraseswa n'ifu nziza cyane yo gusya, igera ku gihumbi kimwe cy'umusatsi w'umuntu! Kuri iyi ngingo, ubuso bw'ishingiro rya granite bumeze nk'"urwego rutambitse" rwagenewe ibikoresho byo kugenzura.

Hari ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bifite "ubwonko bw'ubwenge" - urwego rwo hejuru rwubatswemo ni nk'"umurinzi muto" uri ku kazi amasaha 24 ku munsi. Iyo imaze kubona ko ibikoresho bihengamye kuri dogere 0.01 (inguni ntoya ugereranyije n'iy'agace k'ikaramu), igikoresho cya hydraulic kizahita gitangira gukora kandi "kigorora" ibikoresho mu masegonda 30.
Icya gatatu, igishushanyo mbonera cy’ubuhanga gikomeza kongera ubusugire
Abahanga mu by’imashini banashyize ubwenge bwabo ku miterere y’imashini. Igice cyo hasi gikozwe mu ishusho y’ubuki bw’ikimamara, kimwe n’inzuki, bitagabanya uburemere gusa ahubwo binakwirakwiza umuvuduko ku buryo bungana. Iyo icyuma gipima imiterere y’imashini kigenda kuri wafer, imiterere y’imashini kuri buri gice cy’imashini iba imwe, bigatuma imiterere y’imashini ihora ihagaze neza igihe cyose.

Igitangaje kurushaho ni uko "icyuma kidasaza amashanyarazi" - icyuma gifata amashanyarazi cya piezoelectric ceramic - gishyirwa hagati y'ishingiro n'ubutaka. Gishobora gufata imitingito itandukanye kuva kuri 1 kugeza kuri 1000Hz nk'iradar hanyuma kigahita gisohora imiraba isubira inyuma kugira ngo "kirwanye" ingaruka mbi. Urugero, imitingito iterwa n'imikorere y'imashini ziri iruhande cyangwa imitingito y'imodoka zinyura hanze byose "nta cyo bimaze" imbere yacyo.
Amakuru arivugira: Ingaruka zayo zifite imbaraga zingana iki?
Mu bikorwa bifatika, imikorere y'ishingiro rya granite iratangaje cyane:

Igenzura ry'amaso: Ubuhanga bwo kumenya inenge zo ku buso bwa wafers bwazamutse buva kuri mikoroni 3 bugera kuri mikoroni 1 (mikoroni 1 = kimwe cya mirongo itandatu cy'umusatsi w'umuntu).
Isuzuma rya Ultrasonic: Ikosa mu gupima ubugari bwa wafer ryagabanutseho bitatu bya kane.
Gukoreshwa igihe kirekire: Nyuma y'umwaka wose uhoraho, impinduka mu bunini bw'imashini ziba nke cyane, mu gihe imashini zisanzwe zimaze igihe kinini "zigonze".

Kuva ku byiza by'ibikoresho karemano kugeza ku gutunganya neza no gushushanya mu buryo bugezweho, ishingiro rya granite ryagaragaje ko niba ushaka kumenya neza uduce duto, iri buye ni ingenzi cyane!