Ibice bya granite bikoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye no gukora ibintu neza, ubugari nk'ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere yabyo n'ubwiza bw'umusaruro. Ibi bikurikira ni intangiriro irambuye ku buryo, ibikoresho n'inzira yo kumenya ubugari bw'ibice bya granite.
I. Uburyo bwo gupima
1. Uburyo bwo kubangamira kristale igororotse: bukwiriye mu gupima ubugari bw'ibice bya granite, nk'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, urubuga rwo gupima neza cyane, nibindi. Crystal igororotse (ikintu cy'ikirahure cy'ikoranabuhanga gifite ubugari buhanitse cyane) gifatanye cyane n'igice cya granite kugira ngo gisuzumwe ku ndege, hakoreshejwe ihame ryo kubangamira umuraba w'urumuri, iyo urumuri runyuze muri kristale igororotse no ku buso bw'igice cya granite kugira ngo rukore imirongo yo kubangamira. Niba urwego rw'igice ari rugororotse neza, impande zo kubangamira ni imirongo igororotse ingana; Niba urwego rw'igice rufite ubugari kandi rurambuye, impande zo kubangamira zizahinduka. Dukurikije urwego rwo kugorama n'intera z'impande zombi, ikosa ry'ubugari ribarwa hakoreshejwe formula. Ubuziranenge bushobora kugera kuri nanometero, kandi kunyura mu ndege nto bishobora kumenyekana neza.
2. Uburyo bwo gupima urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga: bukunze gukoreshwa mu bice binini bya granite, nk'igitanda cy'ibikoresho by'imashini, urubuga runini rwo gutunganya gantry, nibindi. Urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga rushyirwa ku buso bw'igice cya granite kugira ngo hatoranywe aho gupimira no kugenda mu nzira yihariye yo gupimira. Urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga rupima impinduka y'inguni iri hagati yayo n'icyerekezo cy'uburemere mu gihe nyacyo binyuze muri sensor y'imbere hanyuma ikayihinduramo amakuru yo gutandukana kw'urwego. Mu gupima, ni ngombwa kubaka grid yo gupima, guhitamo ibice byo gupima ku ntera runaka mu cyerekezo cya X na Y, no kwandika amakuru ya buri ngingo. Binyuze mu gusesengura porogaramu itunganya amakuru, ubuso bw'ibice bya granite burashobora gushyirwaho, kandi ukuri kw'ibipimo gushobora kugera ku rwego rwa micron, bishobora guhaza ibyifuzo byo gupima ibice binini mu nganda nyinshi.
3. Uburyo bwo gupima CMM: Gupima neza ubugari bushobora gukorwa ku bice by’ibara rya granite, nk’ibumba rya granite rikoreshwa mu gushushanya ibintu byihariye. CMM igenda mu mwanya w’ibice bitatu inyuze mu gice cy’ibara rya granite igakora ku buso bw’igice cy’ibara rya granite kugira ngo ibone aho igereranya ingingo zo gupima. Aho gupima hakwirakwizwa ku buryo bungana ku gice cy’igice, maze agakoresho ko gupima kakaba karubatswe. Igikoresho gikusanya amakuru y’ibipimo bya buri ngingo mu buryo bwikora. Gukoresha porogaramu y’ubuhanga mu gupima, hakurikijwe amakuru y’ibipimo kugira ngo hamenyekane ikosa ry’ubugari, ntibishobora gusa kumenya ubugari, ahubwo bishobora no kubona ingano y’ibice, imiterere n’uburyo bihangana n’andi makuru menshi, ukuri kw’ibipimo hakurikijwe ukuri kw’ibikoresho kuratandukanye, muri rusange hagati ya mikoroni nke na mikoroni icumi, ubushobozi bworoshye bwo gupima, bukwiriye ubwoko butandukanye bw’uburyo bwo gupima ibice bya granite.
II. Gutegura ibikoresho byo gupima
1. Kristale igororotse cyane: Hitamo kristu igororotse ijyanye nayo hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu kumenya neza ibice bya granite, nko kumenya neza ko hari nanoscale, kugira ngo uhitemo kristu igororotse cyane ifite ikosa ryo kugaragara muri nanometero nke, kandi umurambararo wa kristu igororotse ugomba kuba munini gato kuruta ingano ntoya y'igice cya granite kigomba gusuzumwa, kugira ngo umenye neza ko ahantu habonetse hose hakwirakwijwe neza.
2. Urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga: Hitamo urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga rufite ubuziranenge bwo gupima buhuye n'ibikenewe mu gupima, urugero nk'urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga rufite ubuziranenge bwa 0.001mm/m, rukwiriye gupima neza cyane. Muri icyo gihe, hategurwa ishingiro ry'ameza ya rukuruzi kugira ngo yorohereze urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga kwinjira neza ku buso bw'igice cya granite, ndetse n'insinga zo gufata amakuru na porogaramu zo gufata amakuru ya mudasobwa, kugira ngo hashyirweho inyandiko no gutunganya amakuru mu buryo nyabwo.
3. Igikoresho cyo gupima gihuza: Dukurikije ingano y'ibice bya granite, imiterere igoye kugira ngo uhitemo ingano ikwiye y'igikoresho cyo gupima gihuza. Ibice binini bisaba ibipimo binini byo gupima, mu gihe imiterere igoye isaba ibikoresho bifite imashini zipima neza cyane na porogaramu ikomeye yo gupima. Mbere yo kubimenya, CMM irapimwa kugira ngo imenye neza ko imashini ipima neza kandi ihuze neza aho iherereye.
III. Uburyo bwo gupima
1. Uburyo bwo guhuza imiterere y'amatara agororotse:
◦ Sukura ubuso bw'ibice bya granite bigomba gusuzumwa n'ubuso bwa kristu burambuye, uhanagure na ethanoli idakoresha amazi kugira ngo ukureho ivumbi, amavuta n'indi myanda, kugira ngo urebe ko byombi bifatanye neza nta cyuho.
Shyira kristu iringaniye buhoro buhoro ku buso bw'igice cya granite, hanyuma ukande buhoro buhoro kugira ngo byombi bifatanye neza kugira ngo wirinde uduheri cyangwa ngo bihinduke.
◦ Mu cyumba cy'umwijima, urumuri rw'izuba (nk'itara rya sodium) rukoreshwa mu kumurika kristu igororotse, kureba impande z'urumuri ziturutse hejuru, no kwandika imiterere, icyerekezo n'urwego rw'urumuri rw'izuba.
◦ Ukurikije amakuru y’ibanga ry’ihungabana, banza ubare ikosa ry’ibanga ukoresheje formula ijyanye naryo, hanyuma ugereranye n’ibisabwa mu kwihanganira ibanga ry’igice kugira ngo umenye niba cyujuje ibisabwa.
2. Uburyo bwo gupima urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga:
◦ Hashushanyijwe uruziga rwo gupimisha ku buso bw'igice cya granite kugira ngo hamenyekane aho ahantu ho gupimisha haherereye, kandi intera y'aho hantu ho gupimisha yegeranye ishyirwaho neza hakurikijwe ingano n'ubuziranenge bw'ibikenewe muri icyo gice, muri rusange 50-200mm.
◦ Shyira urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga ku ishingiro rya table ya rukuruzi hanyuma urushyire aho icyuma gipimisha gitangira. Tangira urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga hanyuma wandike urwego rw'ibanze nyuma yuko amakuru ahamye.
◦ Hindura umurongo ku wundi w'urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga mu nzira yo gupima hanyuma wandike amakuru y'uburemere kuri buri gice cyo gupima kugeza igihe ingingo zose zo gupima zipimwe.
◦ Shyira amakuru yapimwe muri porogaramu itunganya amakuru, koresha uburyo bwa kare buto n'izindi algorithms kugira ngo uhuze n'uburyo bwagutse, kora raporo y'ikosa ry'uburyo bwagutse, kandi usuzume niba uburyo bwagutse bw'igice bujyanye n'ibipimo.
3. Uburyo bwo kumenya CMM:
◦ Shyira igice cya granite ku meza y'akazi ya CMM hanyuma ukoreshe icyo gikoresho kugira ngo ugishyire neza kugira ngo urebe ko igice kidahinduka mu gihe cyo gupima.
◦ Dukurikije imiterere n'ingano y'igice, inzira yo gupima irateganywa muri porogaramu yo gupima kugira ngo hamenyekane uko ingingo zo gupima zikwirakwizwa, hagafatwa neza uburyo indege igomba gusuzumwa ikwirakwizwa neza kandi ingingo zo gupima zikwirakwizwa kimwe.
◦ Tangira CMM, wimure probe ukurikije inzira yateguwe, kora ku ngingo zo gupima ubuso bw'igice cya granite, hanyuma uhuze amakuru y'aho buri ngingo iherereye.
◦ Nyuma yo gupima, porogaramu yo gupima isesengura kandi igatunganya amakuru yakusanyijwe, ibarura ikosa ry’ubugari, ikora raporo y’ikizamini, kandi ikamenya niba ubugari bw’igice cy’ibipimo bwujuje ubuziranenge.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-28-2025