1. Kugenzura Ubuziranenge Bwuzuye Kugaragara
Kugenzura ubuziranenge bugaragara ni intambwe yibanze mugutanga no kwakira ibice bya granite. Ibipimo byinshi-bigomba kugenzurwa kugirango ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa hamwe nibisabwa. Ubugenzuzi bukurikira bukurikira bwakusanyirijwe mubice bine byingenzi: ubunyangamugayo, ubwiza bwubuso, ingano nuburyo, hamwe na label hamwe nugupakira:
Kugenzura Ubunyangamugayo
Ibigize Granite bigomba kugenzurwa neza kugirango byangiritse kumubiri. Inenge zigira ingaruka kumiterere yimikorere nimikorere, nkibice byo hejuru, kumeneka kumpande nu mfuruka, umwanda winjizwemo, kuvunika, cyangwa inenge, birabujijwe rwose. Ukurikije ibisabwa biheruka gusabwa muri GB / T 18601-2024 “Ikibaho cyubatswe na Granite Kamere,” umubare wemewe w’inenge nk'imisemburo wagabanutse cyane ugereranije na verisiyo yabanjirije iyisanzwe, kandi ingingo zerekeye ibibara by'amabara hamwe n'inenge z'amabara muri verisiyo ya 2009 zarasibwe, bikomeza gushimangira kugenzura uburinganire bw'imiterere. Kubigize imiterere yihariye, hagomba kugenzurwa uburinganire bwuburinganire nyuma yo gutunganywa kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwatewe nishusho igoye. Ibipimo ngenderwaho: GB / T 20428-2006 "Urutare rwa Leveler" ruvuga neza ko ubuso bwakazi hamwe nimpande za leveler bigomba kuba bitarimo inenge nko gucikamo ibice, amenyo, imyenda idahwitse, kwambara, gutwika, no gukuramo ingaruka byagira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere no mumikorere.
Ubwiza bw'ubuso
Igeragezwa ryiza ryubuso rigomba gutekereza neza, kurabagirana, no guhuza amabara:
Ubuso bwubuso: Kubisobanuro byubushakashatsi bwuzuye, uburinganire bwubutaka bugomba guhura na Ra ≤ 0,63 mm. Kubisabwa muri rusange, ibi birashobora kugerwaho ukurikije amasezerano. Amasosiyete amwe n'amwe yo mu rwego rwo hejuru atunganya, nk'uruganda rukora amabuye rwa Sishui County Huayi, arashobora kugera ku buso bwa Ra ≤ 0.8μm akoresheje ibikoresho byo gusya no gusya bitumizwa mu mahanga.
Gloss: Ubuso bw'indorerwamo (JM) bugomba kuba buhuye nuburabyo budasanzwe bwa ≥ 80GU (ASTM C584 isanzwe), bupimishwa hifashishijwe metero yumucyo wabigize umwuga munsi yumucyo usanzwe. Kugenzura itandukaniro ryamabara: Ibi bigomba gukorwa mubidukikije bidafite izuba ryinshi. "Uburyo busanzwe bwo gushyiraho isahani" burashobora gukoreshwa: imbaho zivuye murwego rumwe zirashyirwa hejuru mumahugurwa yimiterere, kandi amabara hamwe ninzibacyuho byahinduwe kugirango habeho guhuza muri rusange. Kubicuruzwa bidasanzwe, kugenzura itandukaniro ryamabara bisaba intambwe enye: ibyiciro bibiri byo gutoranya ibintu bitoroshye ku birombe no mu ruganda, imiterere ishingiye kumazi no guhindura amabara nyuma yo gukata no gutandukanya, hamwe nuburyo bwa kabiri no guhuza neza nyuma yo gusya no gusya. Ibigo bimwe birashobora kugera kubutandukaniro bwibara rya ΔE ≤ 1.5.
Ibipimo nuburyo bwuzuye
Ihuriro ry "ibikoresho bisobanutse + ibisobanuro bisanzwe" bikoreshwa kugirango harebwe niba kwihanganira ibipimo na geometrike byujuje ibisabwa:
Ibikoresho byo gupima: Koresha ibikoresho nka vernier calipers (ubunyangamugayo ≥ 0.02mm), micrometero (ubunyangamugayo ≥ 0.001mm), hamwe na laser interferometero. Laser interferometero igomba kubahiriza ibipimo byo gupima nka JJG 739-2005 na JB / T 5610-2006. Ubugenzuzi bwa Flatness: Ukurikije GB / T 11337-2004 “Flatness Error Detection,” ikosa ryo gupimwa ripimwa hakoreshejwe interineti interferometero. Kubisabwa neza, kwihanganira bigomba kuba ≤0.02mm / m (hubahirijwe neza icyiciro cya 00 cyerekanwe muri GB / T 20428-2006). Impapuro zisanzwe zashyizwe mubyiciro, urugero, kwihanganira uburinganire bwibikoresho byuzuye byuzuye ni 80.80mm kuri Grade A, ≤1.00mm kuri Grade B, na 501.50mm kuri Grade C.
Kwihanganirana kubyimbye: Kubikoresho by'urupapuro rwuzuye, kwihanganira umubyimba (H) bigenzurwa kuba: ± 0.5mm ku cyiciro cya A, ± 1.0mm ku cyiciro cya B, na 1.5mm kuri Grade C, kuri H ≤12mm. Ibikoresho byogukoresha CNC byikora birashobora kugumana kwihanganira ibipimo bya ≤0.5mm.
Kumenyekanisha no gupakira
Ibimenyetso bisabwa: Ibice bigize ibice bigomba kuba byanditse neza kandi birambye byanditseho amakuru nkicyitegererezo, ibisobanuro, umubare wicyiciro, nitariki yo gukora. Ibice byihariye-bigomba kandi gushiramo nimero yo gutunganya kugirango byoroherezwe gukurikiranwa no guhuza. Ibisobanuro byo gupakira: Gupakira bigomba kubahiriza GB / T 191 “Gupakira, Kubika, no Gutwara Amashusho Yerekana Amashusho.” Ibimenyetso birwanya ubushuhe- kandi birwanya ihungabana bigomba gushyirwaho, kandi hagomba gushyirwa mubikorwa inzego eshatu zo gukingira: ① Koresha amavuta arwanya ingese hejuru y’imibonano; Gupfunyika ifuro rya EPE; ③ Umutekano hamwe na pallet yimbaho, hanyuma ushyireho anti-kunyerera munsi ya pallet kugirango wirinde kugenda mugihe cyo gutwara. Kubice byakusanyirijwe hamwe, bigomba gupakirwa ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera cyateganijwe kugirango birinde urujijo mugihe cyo guterana.
Uburyo bufatika bwo kugenzura ibara ritandukanye: Ibikoresho byo guhagarika byatoranijwe hakoreshejwe “uburyo bwo gutera amazi impande esheshatu.” Amazi yihariye yabugenewe atera amazi hejuru yumwanya. Nyuma yo gukama hamwe nigitutu gihoraho, blok irasuzumwa ingano, itandukaniro ryamabara, umwanda, nizindi nenge mugihe zumye gato. Ubu buryo bugaragaza neza itandukaniro ryibara ryihishe kuruta kugenzura bisanzwe.
2. Ikizamini cya siyansi yumutungo wumubiri
Igeragezwa rya siyansi yimiterere yumubiri nigice cyibanze cya granite igenzura ubuziranenge. Binyuze mu igeragezwa rya sisitemu y'ibipimo by'ingenzi nk'ubukomere, ubucucike, ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe, hamwe no kurwanya iyangirika, turashobora gusuzuma byimazeyo imitungo yibikoresho hamwe na serivisi y'igihe kirekire. Ibikurikira bisobanura uburyo bwo gupima siyanse nibisabwa tekinike muburyo bune.
Kwipimisha
Gukomera ni ikintu cyerekana ko granite irwanya kwambara no gushushanya, bikagena neza ubuzima bwa serivisi. Ubukomezi bwa Mohs bugaragaza ibintu birwanya ubuso bwibishushanyo, mugihe inkombe ya Shore iranga ubukana bwayo munsi yimitwaro ifite imbaraga. Hamwe na hamwe, bagize ishingiro ryo gusuzuma imyambarire.
Ibikoresho byo Kwipimisha: Ikizamini cya Mohs Ikizamini (Uburyo bwa Scratch), Ikizamini cyo Gukomera ku nkombe (Uburyo bwo Kugarura)
Igipimo cyo Gushyira mu bikorwa: GB / T 20428-2006 “Uburyo bwo Kwipimisha Ibuye Kamere - Ikizamini gikomeye”
Imipaka yo kwakirwa: Mohs Gukomera ≥ 6, Gukomera ku nkombe ≥ HS70
Ibisobanuro bifitanye isano: Agaciro gakomeye kajyanye neza no kwihanganira kwambara. Ubukomezi bwa Mohs bwa 6 cyangwa burenga buremeza ko ibice bigize ibice bidashobora kwihanganira guterwa kuva buri munsi, mugihe inkombe ya Shore yujuje ubuziranenge itanga ubunyangamugayo bwubatswe munsi yimitwaro. Ubucucike n'ikizamini cyo gukuramo amazi
Ubucucike no kwinjiza amazi ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu gusuzuma imiterere ya granite no kurwanya kwinjira. Ibikoresho byinshi cyane mubusanzwe bifite ububobere buke. Kwinjiza amazi make birinda neza kwinjiza ibitangazamakuru nibitangazamakuru byangirika, bigatera imbere cyane kuramba.
Ibikoresho byo Kwipimisha: Impirimbanyi za elegitoronike, ifuru yumye ya vacuum, metero yubucucike
Igipimo cyo Gushyira mu bikorwa: GB / T 9966.3 “Uburyo bwo Kwipimisha Amabuye Kamere - Igice cya 3: Gukuramo Amazi, Ubucucike bwinshi, Ubucucike nyabwo, hamwe n’ibizamini nyabyo”
Ibipimo byujuje ibisabwa: Ubwinshi bwinshi ≥ 2.55 g / cm³, kwinjiza amazi ≤ 0,6%
Ingaruka zo Kuramba: Iyo ubucucike ≥ 2.55 g / cm³ no kwinjiza amazi ≤ 0,6%, kurwanya ibuye kurwanya ubukonje n’imvura n’umunyu byiyongera ku buryo bugaragara, bikagabanya ibyago by’inenge bifitanye isano nka karuboni ya beto na ruswa.
Ikizamini gihagaze neza
Igeragezwa ryubushyuhe bwumuriro ryigana ihindagurika ryinshi ryubushyuhe kugirango hamenyekane ihame ryimiterere no kurwanya ibice bya granite munsi yumuriro. Coefficient yo kwagura amashyuza ni igipimo cyingenzi cyo gusuzuma. Ibikoresho byo Kwipimisha: Urugereko rwo gusiganwa ku magare rwo hejuru kandi ruto, Laser Interferometer
Uburyo bwo Kwipimisha: Inzinguzingo 10 z'ubushyuhe kuva kuri -40 ° C kugeza 80 ° C, buri cyiciro gifata amasaha 2
Ibipimo byerekana: Coefficient yo kwagura ubushyuhe bugenzurwa muri 5.5 × 10⁻⁶ / K ± 0.5
Akamaro ka tekiniki: Iyi coefficient irinda gukura kwa microcrack bitewe nubushyuhe bwumuriro mwinshi mubice byerekeranye nubushyuhe bwibihe cyangwa ihindagurika ryubushyuhe bwa burimunsi, bigatuma bikwiranye cyane cyane no hanze cyangwa ahantu hakorerwa ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Ikizamini cyo Kurwanya Ubukonje hamwe n’umunyu wo korohereza umunyu: Iki kizamini cyo kurwanya ubukonje hamwe n’umunyu wo korohereza umunyu bisuzuma uburyo ibuye ryihanganira kwangirika kwizunguruka ryikonjesha hamwe n’umunyu wa kristu, wagenewe gukoreshwa mu turere dukonje na saline-alkali. Ikizamini cyo Kurwanya Ubukonje (EN 1469):
Icyitegererezo: Ingero zamabuye zuzuye amazi
Igikorwa cyo gusiganwa ku magare: Hagarika kuri -15 ° C mu masaha 4, hanyuma ugashonga mumazi 20 ° C kumuzingo 48, yose hamwe 48
Ibipimo byujuje ibyangombwa: Gutakaza imbaga ≤ 0.5%, kugabanya imbaraga zidasanzwe ≤ 20%
Ikizamini cyo korohereza umunyu (EN 12370):
Ikurikizwa: Ibuye rinini rifite igipimo cyo kwinjiza amazi arenze 3%
Inzira y'Ikizamini: Inzinguzingo 15 zo kwibiza mu gisubizo cya 10% Na₂SO₄ ikurikirwa no gukama
Ibipimo by'isuzuma: Nta gutobora hejuru cyangwa guturika, nta mikorosikopi yangiritse
Ingamba zo Guhuza Ikizamini: Kubice bikonje bikonje hamwe nigihu cyumunyu, birakenewe kwipimisha gukonjesha hamwe no kugerageza umunyu. Ahantu humye h'imbere, hashobora gukorwa gusa ikizamini cyo kurwanya ubukonje, ariko ibuye rifite igipimo cyo kwinjiza amazi arenze 3% naryo rigomba kwipimisha umunyu.
3 、 Kubahiriza no Kwemeza bisanzwe
Kubahiriza no kwemeza ibyemezo bya granite nintambwe yingenzi muguharanira ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, umutekano, no kubona isoko. Bagomba icyarimwe kuzuza ibisabwa byimbere mu gihugu, amabwiriza mpuzamahanga yisoko, hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge bwinganda. Ibikurikira bisobanura ibi bisabwa muburyo butatu: sisitemu yimbere mugihugu, guhuza amahame mpuzamahanga, hamwe na sisitemu yo gutanga umutekano.
Sisitemu yo mu Gihugu
Gukora no kwemerera ibice bya granite mu Bushinwa bigomba gukurikiza byimazeyo amahame abiri y’ibanze: GB / T 18601-2024 “Ikibaho cy’ubwubatsi bwa Granite” na GB 6566 “Imipaka ya Radionuclide mu bikoresho byubaka.” GB / T. Amakuru y'ingenzi arimo:
Ibyiciro byimikorere byashyizwe mubikorwa: Ubwoko bwibicuruzwa byashyizwe muburyo bukurikizwa na progaramu ya progaramu, ibyiciro bya panne yagoramye byavanyweho, kandi guhuza tekiniki yubwubatsi byatejwe imbere;
Kuzamura imikorere isabwa: Ibipimo nko kurwanya ubukonje, kurwanya ingaruka, hamwe na coefficient anti-slip (≥0.5) byongeweho, kandi uburyo bwo gusesengura amabuye n’amabuye y'agaciro byavanyweho, byibanda cyane ku mikorere ifatika y’ubuhanga;
Ibizamini bisobanutse neza: Abashinzwe iterambere, amasosiyete yubwubatsi, hamwe n’ibigo byipimisha bihabwa uburyo bwo gupima hamwe nibipimo byo gusuzuma.
Ku bijyanye n'umutekano ukomoka kuri radiyo, GB 6566 itegeka ko ibice bya granite bifite icyerekezo cy'imirasire y'imbere (IRa) ≤ 1.0 hamwe n'ikimenyetso cy'imirasire yo hanze (Iγ) ≤ 1.3, byemeza ko ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bitabangamira ubuzima bwa muntu. Guhuza nubuziranenge mpuzamahanga
Ibicuruzwa byoherejwe hanze ya granite bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bwakarere ku isoko. ASTM C1528 / C1528M-20e1 na EN 1469 ni amahame shingiro ku masoko yo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru n'Uburayi.
ASTM C1528 / C1528M-20e1 (Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe ibizamini n'ibikoresho): Gukora nk'ubuyobozi bwumvikanyweho n'inganda mu guhitamo amabuye y'ibipimo, bivuga ibipimo byinshi bifitanye isano, harimo ASTM C119 (Standard Standard for Dimension Stone) na ASTM C170 (Compressive Strength Testing). Ibi bitanga abubatsi naba rwiyemezamirimo hamwe nuburyo bwuzuye bwa tekiniki kuva guhitamo igishushanyo kugeza kwishyiriraho no kwemerwa, bishimangira ko gusaba amabuye bigomba kubahiriza amategeko yinyubako.
EN 1469 (Ibipimo by’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi): Ku bicuruzwa by’amabuye byoherezwa mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, iyi ngingo ngenderwaho ni ishingiro ry’itegeko ryemeza CE, bisaba ko ibicuruzwa byandikwa burundu n'umubare usanzwe, icyiciro cy'imikorere (urugero, A1 ku igorofa yo hanze), igihugu cyaturutse, hamwe n'amakuru yakozwe n'ababikora. Ivugurura riheruka rishimangira igeragezwa ryumutungo wumubiri, harimo imbaraga zidasanzwe ≥8MPa, imbaraga zo kwikuramo ≥50MPa, hamwe no kurwanya ubukonje. Irasaba kandi abayikora gushyiraho sisitemu yo kugenzura ibicuruzwa (FPC) ikubiyemo igenzura ryibikoresho fatizo, kugenzura ibikorwa, no kugenzura ibicuruzwa byarangiye.
Sisitemu yo Kwemeza Umutekano
Icyemezo cyumutekano kubice bya granite kiratandukanye hashingiwe kubisabwa, cyane cyane bikubiyemo ibyemezo byumutekano wibiryo hamwe nicyemezo cya sisitemu yo gucunga neza.
Gusaba ibiribwa: Icyemezo cya FDA kirakenewe, hibandwa ku kugerageza kwimuka kwimiti yamabuye mugihe cyo guhura nibiribwa kugirango harebwe niba irekurwa ryibyuma biremereye nibintu byangiza byujuje ubuziranenge bwibiribwa.
Imicungire yubuziranenge rusange: ISO 9001 ibyemezo bya sisitemu yo gucunga ubuziranenge nibisabwa byinganda. Amasosiyete nka Jiaxiang Xulei Kibuye na Jinchao Kibuye yageze kuri iki cyemezo, ashyiraho uburyo bunoze bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge kuva muri kariyeri y’ibikoresho bigoye kugeza ibicuruzwa byemewe. Ingero zisanzwe zirimo intambwe 28 zubugenzuzi bwujuje ubuziranenge zashyizwe mu bikorwa mu mushinga w’ubusitani bw’igihugu, zikubiyemo ibipimo by'ingenzi nko kumenya neza ibipimo, uburinganire bw’ubutaka, na radiyo. Impapuro zemeza ibyemezo zigomba kuba zirimo raporo yikizamini cya gatatu (nko gupima radioactivite no gupima umutungo wumubiri) hamwe ninyandiko zigenzura umusaruro wuruganda (nkibikoresho bya sisitemu ya FPC hamwe nibikoresho fatizo byerekana ibikoresho), bigashyiraho urwego rwuzuye rwo gukurikirana.
Ingingo z'ingenzi zubahirizwa
Igurishwa ryimbere mu gihugu rigomba icyarimwe kuba ryujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa bya GB / T 18601-2024 nimbibi za radio 6566;
Ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mu bihugu by’Uburayi bigomba kuba byemewe na EN 1469 kandi bikagira ikimenyetso cya CE na A1 byerekana imikorere;
Ibigo byemewe na ISO 9001 bigomba kugumana byibuze imyaka itatu yo kugenzura ibicuruzwa na raporo y'ibizamini kugirango bisuzumwe.
Binyuze mu gushyira mu bikorwa uburyo busanzwe bwa sisitemu isanzwe, ibice bya granite birashobora kugera ku kugenzura ubuziranenge mu mibereho yabo yose, kuva ku bicuruzwa kugeza ku bicuruzwa, mu gihe byujuje ibisabwa ku masoko yo mu gihugu ndetse no mu mahanga.
4. Gucunga inyandiko zemewe
Gucunga inyandiko zemewe zisanzwe nigipimo cyibanze cyo kugenzura no kwakira ibice bya granite. Binyuze muri sisitemu yinyandiko itunganijwe, urwego rwiza rushobora gukurikiranwa kugirango hamenyekane neza kandi byubahirizwe mubuzima bwose. Ubu buryo bwo kuyobora bukubiyemo cyane cyane ibice bitatu byingenzi: ibyangombwa byemeza ubuziranenge, kohereza no gutondekanya urutonde, hamwe na raporo zemewe. Buri cyiciro kigomba kubahiriza byimazeyo ibipimo byigihugu hamwe ninganda zihariye kugirango habeho uburyo bwo gucunga neza.
Ibyangombwa byemeza ubuziranenge: Kubahiriza no kugenzura byemewe
Inyandiko zemeza ubuziranenge nibimenyetso byibanze byerekana ubuziranenge bwibigize kandi bigomba kuba byuzuye, byuzuye, kandi byujuje ubuziranenge bwamategeko. Urutonde rwibanze rwinyandiko rurimo:
Icyemezo cyibikoresho: Ibi bikubiyemo amakuru yibanze nkinkomoko yibintu bitoroshye, itariki yo gucukuramo amabuye y'agaciro, hamwe namabuye y'agaciro. Igomba guhuza numubare wibintu kugirango umenye neza. Mbere yuko ibintu bigoye biva mu kirombe, hagomba kurangizwa igenzura ry’amabuye y'agaciro, ryerekana uko ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bwifashe ndetse n'ubuziranenge bwa mbere kugira ngo bitange igipimo cyiza cyo gutunganya nyuma. Raporo yikizamini cya gatatu igomba kuba ikubiyemo ibintu bifatika (nkubucucike no kwinjiza amazi), imiterere yubukanishi (imbaraga zo kwikuramo imbaraga nimbaraga za flexural), hamwe no gupima radioactivite. Ishirahamwe ryipimisha rigomba kuba ryujuje ibyangombwa bya CMA (urugero, umuryango uzwi nka Beijing Inspection na Quantine Institute). Umubare w’ibizamini ugomba kugaragazwa neza muri raporo, urugero, ibisubizo by’ingufu zo kwikuramo ibisubizo muri GB / T 9966.1, “Uburyo bwo Kwipimisha ku Kibuye Kamere - Igice cya 1: Ibizamini byo gukomeretsa imbaraga nyuma yo gukama, kwiyuzuza amazi, no kuzunguruka kwa Freeze-Thaw.” Igeragezwa rya radiyo rigomba kubahiriza ibisabwa na GB 6566, “Imipaka ya Radionuclide mu bikoresho byubaka.”
Impapuro zidasanzwe zemeza: Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bigomba kongeraho ibyapa biranga CE, harimo raporo yikizamini hamwe n’itangazo ry’imikorere (DoP) ryatanzwe n’urwego rubimenyeshejwe. Ibicuruzwa birimo sisitemu ya 3 bigomba kandi gutanga icyemezo cyo kugenzura ibicuruzwa (FPC) kugirango hubahirizwe ibisabwa bya tekiniki kubicuruzwa byamabuye karemano mubihugu byuburayi nka EN 1469.
Ibisabwa by'ingenzi: Inyandiko zose zigomba gushyirwaho kashe yemewe hamwe na kashe hagati yumuryango wibizamini. Amakopi agomba gushyirwaho "asa numwimerere" kandi agashyirwaho umukono kandi akemezwa nuwabitanze. Igihe cyemewe cyinyandiko kigomba kurenza igihe cyoherejwe kugirango wirinde gukoresha amakuru yikizamini cyarangiye. Urutonde rwo kohereza no gutondekanya urutonde: Igenzura ryuzuye rya Logistique
Urutonde rwo kohereza hamwe na lisiti yo gupakira ni ibinyabiziga byingenzi bihuza ibisabwa byateganijwe hamwe nogutanga umubiri, bisaba uburyo bwo kugenzura ibyiciro bitatu kugirango hamenyekane neza niba itangwa ryabyo. Inzira yihariye ikubiyemo:
Sisitemu idasanzwe yo kumenyekanisha: Buri kintu kigomba kuba cyanditseho burundu ikiranga kidasanzwe, haba QR code cyangwa barcode (laser etching irasabwa kwirinda kwambara). Ikiranga kirimo amakuru nkicyitegererezo cyibigize, inomero yumubare, icyiciro cyo gutunganya, hamwe nubugenzuzi bwiza. Mugihe cyibintu bigoye, ibice bigomba kubarwa ukurikije uko byacukuwe kandi bigashyirwaho irangi ridashobora gukaraba kumpande zombi. Uburyo bwo gutwara no gupakira no gupakurura bugomba gukorwa muburyo bwacukuwe kugirango birinde kuvanga ibintu.
Inzira eshatu zo kugenzura: Urwego rwa mbere rwo kugenzura (gutondekanya urutonde) rwemeza ko kode y'ibikoresho, ibisobanuro, n'umubare uri kurutonde bihuye n'amasezerano yo kugura; urwego rwa kabiri rwo kugenzura (urutonde v. n'urwego rwa gatatu rwo kugenzura (gupakira hamwe nibicuruzwa bifatika) bisaba gupakurura no kugenzura ibibanza, ugereranije ibipimo nyabyo byibicuruzwa hamwe nurutonde rwamakuru ukoresheje scan ya QR code / barcode. Ibisobanuro byo gupakira bigomba kubahiriza ibimenyetso, gupakira, gutwara, no kubika ibisabwa bya GB / T 18601-2024, “Ikibaho cyubaka Granite.” Menya neza ko ibikoresho byo gupakira bikwiranye nuburemere bwibigize kandi wirinde kwangirika kwinguni mugihe cyo gutwara.
Raporo yo Kwakira: Kwemeza Ibisubizo no Kugena Inshingano
Raporo yo kwemererwa ninyandiko yanyuma yuburyo bwo kwemererwa. Igomba kwandika byimazeyo inzira yikizamini n ibisubizo, byujuje ibisabwa bya sisitemu yo gucunga neza ISO 9001. Raporo yibanze ikubiyemo:
Ikizamini cyamakuru yamakuru: Ibisobanuro birambuye kumiterere yumubiri nubukanishi (urugero, ikosa ryuburinganire ≤ 0,02 mm / m, ubukana ≥ 80 HSD), gutandukana kwa geometrike (uburebure / ubugari / kwihanganira uburebure ± 0.5 mm), hamwe nimbonerahamwe yerekana amakuru yambere yo gupima uhereye kubikoresho bisobanutse nka laser interferometero na metero zirabagirana (bisabwa kugumana ahantu hatatu). Ibidukikije byipimisha bigomba kugenzurwa cyane, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa 20 ± 2 ° C nubushuhe bwa 40% -60% kugirango hirindwe ko ibidukikije bitabangamira neza ibipimo. Gukemura ibibazo bidahuye: Kubintu birenze ibisabwa bisanzwe (urugero, uburebure bwimbitse hejuru> 0.2mm), ahantu hafite inenge nubunini bigomba gusobanurwa neza, hamwe na gahunda y'ibikorwa bikwiye (kongera gukora, kumanura, cyangwa gusiba). Utanga isoko agomba gutanga icyemezo cyanditse cyo gukosora mugihe cyamasaha 48.
Umukono nububiko: Raporo igomba gushyirwaho umukono no gushyirwaho kashe nabahagarariye abemerwa haba kubatanga no kugura, byerekana neza itariki yo kwemererwa nu mwanzuro (wujuje ibisabwa / utegereje / wanze). Harimo kandi muri archive hagomba kuba ibyemezo bya kalibrasi kubikoresho byo kwipimisha (urugero, raporo y'ibikoresho byo gupima neza kuri JJG 117-2013 “Granite Slab Calibration Specification”) hamwe na dosiye za “ubugenzuzi butatu” (kwisuzumisha, kugenzura, no kugenzura byihariye) mugihe cyubwubatsi, bikora inyandiko yuzuye yuzuye.
Gukurikirana: Umubare wa raporo ugomba gukoresha imiterere y "umushinga wumushinga + umwaka + numero yuruhererekane" kandi ugahuzwa nibiranga umwihariko. Ibyerekezo byombi hagati yinyandiko za elegitoroniki nu mubiri bigerwaho binyuze muri sisitemu ya ERP, kandi raporo igomba kubikwa byibuze imyaka itanu (cyangwa irenga nkuko byemejwe mumasezerano). Binyuze mu micungire isanzwe ya sisitemu yinyandiko yavuzwe haruguru, ubuziranenge bwibikorwa byose bya granite kuva kubikoresho fatizo kugeza kubitangwa birashobora kugenzurwa, bigatanga amakuru yizewe yo gushiraho nyuma, kubaka no kubungabunga ibicuruzwa.
5. Gahunda yo gutwara abantu no kugenzura ingaruka
Ibice bya Granite biroroshye cyane kandi bisaba ubushishozi bukomeye, kubwibyo gutwara rero bisaba igishushanyo mbonera na sisitemu yo kugenzura ingaruka. Guhuza imikorere n’inganda, gahunda yo gutwara abantu igomba guhuzwa mu bintu bitatu: guhuza uburyo bwo gutwara abantu, gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ririnda, hamwe n’uburyo bwo guhererekanya ingaruka, kugenzura neza ubuziranenge kuva ku ruganda kugeza byemewe.
Icyerekezo gishingiye ku guhitamo no kubanza kugenzura uburyo bwo gutwara abantu
Gahunda yo gutwara abantu igomba gutezimbere hashingiwe ku ntera, ibiranga ibice, n'ibisabwa umushinga. Kubijyanye no gutwara intera ngufi (mubisanzwe km300 km), ubwikorezi bwo mumuhanda burahitamo, kuko ubworoherane bwabwo butanga inzu ku nzu kandi bikagabanya igihombo cyo gutambuka. Ku gutwara intera ndende (> 300 km), gari ya moshi irahitamo, ikoresha ituze ryayo kugirango igabanye ingaruka ziterwa n’imivurungano ndende. Kwohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, ubwikorezi bunini ni ngombwa, byemeza kubahiriza amategeko mpuzamahanga atwara ibicuruzwa. Hatitawe ku buryo bwakoreshejwe, ibizamini byabanjirije gupakira bigomba gukorwa mbere yo gutwara kugira ngo hamenyekane neza igisubizo cy’ibipfunyika, bigereranye 30 km / h kugira ngo ibyangiritse byangiritse. Gutegura inzira bigomba gukoresha sisitemu ya GIS kugirango hirindwe ahantu hatatu hashobora kwibasirwa cyane: umurongo uhoraho ufite imisozi irenze 8 °, uturere twa geologiya udahungabana hamwe n’umutingito w’amateka ≥6, hamwe n’ahantu hagaragara ibihe by’ikirere gikabije (nka tifuni na shelegi nyinshi) mu myaka itatu ishize. Ibi bigabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije hanze yisoko yinzira.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko mugihe GB / T 18601-2024 itanga ibisabwa muri rusange "gutwara no kubika" ibisate bya granite, ntabwo isobanura gahunda irambuye yo gutwara abantu. Kubwibyo, mubikorwa nyabyo, ibisobanuro bya tekiniki yinyongera bigomba kongerwaho hashingiwe kurwego rwukuri. Kurugero, kurwego rwa 000 000 rwibanze rwa granite, ubushyuhe nubushyuhe bwikirere bigomba gukurikiranwa mugihe cyose cyo gutwara abantu (hamwe nuburinganire bwa 20 ± 2 ° C nubushuhe bwa 50% ± 5%) kugirango hirindwe impinduka zibidukikije kurekura imihangayiko yimbere no gutera gutandukana neza.
Sisitemu yo Kurinda Ibice bitatu hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa
Hashingiwe ku miterere ifatika yibigize granite, ingamba zo gukingira zigomba gushyiramo uburyo butatu "buffering-fixing-isolation", bukurikiza byimazeyo amahame yo gukingira ASTM C1528. Igice cyo gukingira imbere gifunitse neza hamwe na mm 20 z'ubugari bwa puwaro, hibandwa ku kuzenguruka inguni z'ibice kugirango wirinde ingingo zityaye gutobora ibipfunyika hanze. Igice cyo gukingira hagati cyuzuyemo imbaho za EPS zifite ubucucike bwa kg 30 kg / m³, zikurura imbaraga zo kunyeganyega mu bwikorezi binyuze mu guhindura ibintu. Ikinyuranyo kiri hagati yifuro nubuso bwibigize bigomba kugenzurwa kugeza kuri mm 5 kugirango wirinde kwimuka no guterana amagambo mugihe cyo gutwara. Igice cyo gukingira cyo hanze gifite umutekano hamwe nigiti gikomeye cyibiti (cyane cyane pinusi cyangwa firimu) hamwe nigice cyambukiranya kitarenze mm 50 × 80 mm. Utwugarizo twibyuma na bolts byemeza gukosorwa gukomeye kugirango wirinde kugenda ugereranije nibigize murwego.
Ku bijyanye n'imikorere, ihame ryo “kwitondera ubwitonzi” rigomba kubahirizwa rwose. Ibikoresho byo gupakurura no gupakurura bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho byo kwisiga, umubare wibigize byazamuwe icyarimwe ntibigomba kurenza bibiri, kandi uburebure bwa stacking bugomba kuba ≤ 1.5 m kugirango wirinde umuvuduko ukabije ushobora gutera microcrake mubice. Ibikoresho byujuje ubuziranenge bivurwa mbere yo koherezwa: gutera umuti urinda silane (ubujyakuzimu bwa mm2 mm) no gutwikira hamwe na firime ikingira PE kugirango wirinde amavuta, umukungugu, n’isuri y’amazi yimvura mugihe cyo gutwara. Kurinda Ingingo Zingenzi Zigenzura
Kurinda Inguni: Ahantu hose h'iburyo hagomba gushyirwamo ibyuma birinda 5mm bya reberi kandi bigashyirwaho umugozi wa nylon.
Imbaraga zamakadiri: Amakadiri yimbaho agomba gutsinda ikizamini cyumuvuduko wikubye inshuro 1,2 umutwaro wagenwe kugirango habeho guhinduka.
Ikimenyetso cy'ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe: Ikarita yerekana ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe (intera -20 ° C kugeza 60 ° C, 0% kugeza 100% RH) igomba gushyirwa hanze yububiko kugirango ikurikirane impinduka zibidukikije mugihe nyacyo.
Kwimura ibyago hamwe nuburyo bukurikirana bwo gukurikirana
Kugira ngo hakemurwe ingaruka zitunguranye, birakenewe uburyo bubiri bwo gukumira no kugenzura guhuza “ubwishingizi + gukurikirana”. Ubwishingizi bw'imizigo bwuzuye bugomba gutoranywa hamwe n'ubwishingizi butarenze 110% by'agaciro nyako k'imizigo. Ubwishingizi bwibanze bukubiyemo: ibyangiritse kumubiri biterwa no kugongana cyangwa guhirika ibinyabiziga bitwara abantu; kwangirika kw'amazi guterwa n'imvura nyinshi cyangwa umwuzure; impanuka nk'umuriro no guturika mugihe cyo gutwara; n'impanuka zitunguranye mugihe cyo gupakira no gupakurura. Kubintu bifite agaciro kanini (bifite agaciro gasaga 500.000 Yuan kuri buri seti), turasaba kongeramo serivisi zo kugenzura ubwikorezi bwa SGS. Iyi serivisi ikoresha igihe nyacyo cya GPS ihagaze (uburinganire bwa m 10 m) hamwe nubushyuhe nubushuhe (amakuru yo gutandukanya intera hagati yiminota 15) kugirango ikore igitabo cya elegitoroniki. Ibihe bidasanzwe bihita bikurura imenyesha, bigafasha gukurikiranwa muburyo bwose bwo gutwara abantu.
Hagomba gushyirwaho uburyo bunoze bwo kugenzura no kubazwa ibyakozwe ku rwego rw’ubuyobozi: Mbere yo gutwara abantu, ishami rishinzwe ubugenzuzi bw’ubuziranenge rizagenzura ubusugire bw’ibipfunyika kandi risinyire “Inyandiko irekura ubwikorezi.” Mugihe cyo gutwara abantu, abakozi baherekeza bazakora igenzura ryerekanwa buri masaha abiri kandi bandike ubugenzuzi. Ukihagera, uyahawe agomba guhita apakurura no kugenzura ibicuruzwa. Ibyangiritse byose nkibice cyangwa ibice byaciwe bigomba kwangwa, bikuraho imitekerereze ya "koresha mbere, gusana nyuma". Binyuze muri sisitemu eshatu zo gukumira no kugenzura zihuza “kurinda tekiniki + guhererekanya ubwishingizi + gucunga neza inshingano,” igipimo cy’ibyangiritse mu gutwara abantu gishobora kubikwa munsi ya 0.3%, kiri munsi y’ikigereranyo cy’inganda zingana na 1.2%. Ni ngombwa cyane gushimangira ko ihame shingiro ryo "gukumira byimazeyo kugongana" rigomba kubahirizwa mugihe cyose cyo gutwara no gupakira no gupakurura. Byombi byahagaritswe hamwe nibice byarangiye bigomba gutondekwa muburyo bukurikiranye ukurikije ibyiciro nibisobanuro, hamwe n'uburebure bwa stack butarenze ibice bitatu. Ibice bikozwe mu giti bigomba gukoreshwa hagati yinzego kugirango wirinde kwanduza. Iki cyifuzo cyuzuza ingingo ngenderwaho zerekeye "gutwara no kubika" muri GB / T 18601-2024, kandi hamwe hamwe ni umusingi wubwishingizi bufite ireme mubikoresho bya granite.
6. Incamake y'akamaro k'ibikorwa byo Kwakira
Gutanga no kwakira ibice bya granite nintambwe yingenzi muguhuza ubuziranenge bwumushinga. Nkumurongo wambere wingabo mukugenzura ubuziranenge bwumushinga wubwubatsi, igeragezwa ryibice byinshi hamwe nubugenzuzi bwuzuye bigira ingaruka zitaziguye kumutekano wumushinga, gukora neza mubukungu, no kubona isoko. Kubwibyo, gahunda ihamye yubuziranenge igomba gushyirwaho uhereye kubice bitatu byikoranabuhanga, kubahiriza, nubukungu.
Urwego rwa Tekinike: Ibyiringiro Byombi Byukuri no Kugaragara
Intandaro yurwego rwa tekiniki iri muburyo bwo kwemeza ko ibice byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa binyuze muguhuza kugenzura kugaragara hamwe no gupima ibipimo ngenderwaho. Igenzura rigaragara rigomba gushyirwa mubikorwa byose, uhereye kubintu bigoye kugeza kubicuruzwa byarangiye. Kurugero, uburyo bwo kugenzura ibara ryibara ry "ibintu bibiri byatoranijwe kubintu bitoroshye, guhitamo kimwe kubikoresho bya plaque, hamwe no gutoranya bine kumiterere ya plaque na numero" bishyirwa mubikorwa, bifatanije namahugurwa atagira urumuri kugirango habeho impinduka karemano hagati yamabara nuburyo, bityo wirinde gutinda kwubwubatsi guterwa no gutandukanya ibara. (Kurugero, umushinga umwe watinze hafi ibyumweru bibiri kubera kugenzura itandukaniro ryamabara adahagije.) Igeragezwa ryimikorere ryibanda kubipimo bifatika no gutunganya neza. Kurugero, imashini zikoresha BRETON zikomeza gusya no gusya zikoreshwa mugucunga gutandukana kwa <0.2mm, mugihe imashini ikata ibiraro bya elegitoronike ituma uburebure n'ubugari bigera kuri <0.5mm. Ubwubatsi busobanutse ndetse busaba kwihanganira uburemere bwa ≤0.02mm / m, bisaba kugenzurwa birambuye ukoresheje ibikoresho kabuhariwe nka metero ya gloss na kaliperi ya vernier.
Kubahiriza: Kwinjira kumasoko ntarengwa yo kwemeza ibyemezo
Kubahiriza ni ngombwa kugirango ibicuruzwa byinjire mu masoko y’imbere mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga, bisaba kubahiriza icyarimwe kubahiriza ibipimo by’imbere mu gihugu ndetse na sisitemu mpuzamahanga yo gutanga ibyemezo. Imbere mu gihugu, kubahiriza GB / T 18601-2024 ibisabwa kugirango imbaraga zo gukomeretsa n'imbaraga zoroshye ni ngombwa. Kurugero, kubwinyubako ndende cyangwa mukarere gakonje, harasabwa ubundi bushakashatsi bwo kurwanya ubukonje nimbaraga za sima. Ku isoko mpuzamahanga, icyemezo cya CE nicyo kintu cyingenzi gisabwa kohereza mu bihugu by’Uburayi kandi bisaba gutsinda ikizamini cya EN 1469. Sisitemu mpuzamahanga y’ubuziranenge ISO 9001, ibinyujije muri “sisitemu yo kugenzura itatu” (kwisuzumisha, kugenzura, no kugenzura byihariye) no kugenzura imikorere, itanga uburyo bwuzuye bwo kubazwa kuva ku masoko y'ibikoresho fatizo kugeza ku bicuruzwa byarangiye. Kurugero, Jiaxiang Xulei Kibuye yageze ku nganda iyoboye inganda 99.8% yujuje ibyangombwa n’ibicuruzwa 98.6% byanyuze muri iyi sisitemu.
Ibice byubukungu: Kuringaniza ibiciro kugenzura ninyungu ndende
Agaciro k'ubukungu k'ibikorwa byo kwemerwa kari mu nyungu zombi zo kugabanya ingaruka z'igihe gito no kugabanya ibiciro by'igihe kirekire. Amakuru yerekana ko amafaranga yo gukora bitewe no kwemerwa bidashimishije ashobora kuba 15% yikiguzi cyumushinga wose, mugihe amafaranga yo gusana nyuma kubera ibibazo nkibice bitagaragara no guhinduranya amabara bishobora kuba hejuru. Ibinyuranye, kwemerwa gukomeye birashobora kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga nyuma ya 30% kandi bikirinda gutinda kumushinga biterwa nubusembwa bwibintu. .
Ihame shingiro: Inzira yo kwemererwa igomba gushyira mubikorwa ISO 9001 "gukomeza gutera imbere". Uburyo bwo gufunga "kwemerera-ibitekerezo-kunoza" birasabwa. Ibyingenzi byingenzi nko gutandukanya ibara no gutandukanya uburinganire bigomba gusubirwamo buri gihembwe kugirango hongerwe ibipimo byatoranijwe nibikoresho byo kugenzura. Isesengura ry'impamvu zigomba gukorwa ku manza zakozwe, kandi "Ibicuruzwa bidahuye no kugenzura ibicuruzwa" bigomba kuvugururwa. Kurugero, binyuze mu gihembwe gisubiramo amakuru, isosiyete imwe yagabanije uburyo bwo gusya no gusya uburyo bwo kwemererwa kuva kuri 3.2% ikagera kuri 0.8%, bizigama amafaranga arenga miliyoni 5 mumafaranga yo kubungabunga buri mwaka.
Binyuze mu buryo butatu bwo guhuza ikoranabuhanga, kubahiriza, no mu bukungu, kwakira ibicuruzwa bya granite ntabwo ari igenzura ryujuje ubuziranenge gusa ahubwo ni n'intambwe ifatika yo guteza imbere uburinganire bw’inganda no kuzamura irushanwa ry’ibigo. Gusa muguhuza inzira yo kwemererwa murwego rwose rwurwego rwo gucunga ubuziranenge bwinganda zishobora kugerwaho ubuziranenge bwumushinga, kubona isoko, ninyungu zubukungu.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-15-2025