Ishingiro rya granite: Intwari itaramenyekana inyuma y'impinduramatwara mu bijyanye no gucukura neza PCB.

Mu rwego rwo gukora PCB (Printed Circuit Board), ubuziranenge bwo gucukura bugena mu buryo butaziguye imikorere y'amashanyarazi n'umusaruro w'urubaho rw'urubaho rw'urubaho. Kuva ku tumashini twa telefoni zigendanwa kugeza ku tumashini two mu kirere, ubuziranenge bwa buri mwobo wo ku rwego rwa micron ni ingenzi kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bigende neza cyangwa binanirane. Ishingiro rya granite, hamwe n'imiterere yaryo yihariye y'ibikoresho n'ibyiza by'imiterere, ririmo kuba "umufatanyabikorwa w'izahabu" w'ibikoresho byo gucukura bya PCB, bigatuma ubuziranenge bw'inganda bugera ku burebure bushya.

I. Akamaro Karemano: Imikorere ihamye ishyiraho urufatiro rwo gukora neza
Ubushyuhe buhamye cyane
Mu gihe cyo gucukura PCB, ubushyuhe buturuka ku kuzunguruka kw'umuvuduko mwinshi w'agace k'imashini ishobora kugera kuri dogere 60-80°C. Kwaguka kw'ibikoresho bisanzwe by'icyuma bitewe n'ubushyuhe bishobora gutuma aho gucukura hahinduka byoroshye. Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe bwa granite ni 4-8×10⁻⁶/℃ gusa, ni ukuvuga 1/5 gusa cy'icyuma. Ibi bivuze ko nubwo ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere buhindagurika cyane, guhinduka kw'ishingiro rya granite bishobora kwirengagizwa. Nyuma y'uko uruganda runaka rw'imashini rukoresha ishingiro rya granite, ikosa ry'aho gucukura ryagabanutse kuva kuri ±50μm kugera kuri ±10μm, binongera cyane imikorere y'amashanyarazi y'imashini.
2. Imikorere ikomeye cyane ya 'seismic'
Guhindagurika kw'imashini icukura inshuro nyinshi ku muvuduko w'ibihumbi ku munota bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bugari bw'igice cyo gucukura, bigatera kunyuranaho k'umurambararo w'umwobo. Imiterere karemano yo gushonga muri granite ituma ishobora kwinjiza hejuru ya 90% by'imihindagurikire y'ibikoresho (20-50Hz). Amakuru yapimwe agaragaza ko nyuma yo gushyiraho ishingiro rya granite, uburebure bw'imihindagurikire y'igice cyo gucukura bwagabanutse kuva kuri 15μm kugera kuri 3μm, kandi agaciro ka Ra k'ubukana bw'urukuta rw'umwobo rwacukuwe kagabanutseho 60%, bigabanya cyane ibibazo by'imirongo n'imirongo yo gukuraho umwobo.
3. Kudashira igihe kirekire
Gucukura PCB ni igikorwa cyo gucukura inshuro nyinshi kandi gifite ibisabwa byinshi kugira ngo ubuso bw'ibanze burambe. Granite ifite ubukana bwa Mohs buri hagati ya 6 na 7 kandi ubukana bwayo buruta ubwa icyuma gisanzwe inshuro eshatu. Uruganda runini rwa PCB rumaze imyaka itatu rukoresha ishingiro rya granite. Ubukana bwazo buri munsi ya 0.01mm. Ugereranyije n'ishingiro ry'icyuma, igihe cyo gusimbuza cyongerewe inshuro ebyiri, bigagabanya neza ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga ibikoresho.
Ii. Kuvugurura Imikorere: Igishushanyo mbonera cyihariye cyongera umusaruro mwiza
Ishingiro rya granite rigezweho, binyuze mu gutunganya neza no kuvugurura imiterere, rirushaho kongera agaciro karyo mu ikoreshwa ryaryo:

Gutunganya neza cyane: Binyuze mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura imibare rihuza imirongo itanu, ubugari bw'ifatizo bugenzurwa muri ± 0.5μm/m, bigatanga ubuso burambuye cyane bwo gucukura ibikoresho kandi bigahamya ko ikosa ry'ubugari bw'igice cyo gucukura riri munsi ya 0.01°.
Imiterere y’ingufu zifata ubuki: Imiterere y’imbere y’ubuki ikora umwobo wigenga, bigatuma ingufu zihindagurika zigabanuka mu buryo bwinshi, kandi ikwiriye cyane cyane gutunganywa mu mwobo muto wa mm 0.1 cyangwa munsi yayo.
Imiyoboro ikonjesha amazi mbere y’uko ishyirwa: Ku bikoresho byo gucukura bifite ingufu nyinshi, hashyizweho sisitemu nto yo gukonjesha amazi kugira ngo igenzure itandukaniro ry’ubushyuhe ku buso bw’ibanze buri hagati ya ± 0.5℃, bikuraho burundu ibyago byo kwangirika k’ubushyuhe.
Imiterere ya T-slot yihariye: Intera iri hagati ya T-slot n'ubuziranenge (± 0.01mm) bihindurwa hakurikijwe icyitegererezo cy'imashini icukura kugira ngo ibikoresho bishyirwe mu mwanya wabyo vuba kandi bishyirweho, bigabanya igihe cyo gutangira gukora igikoresho kimwe ho 70%.
Iii. Ibimenyetso by'inganda: Iterambere rigaragara ry'imikorere myiza
Nyuma y'uko uruganda rukora PCB rukomeye rushyizeho ishingiro rya granite, amakuru y'umusaruro warwo yageze ku ntambwe ishimishije:

Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, ishingiro rya granite ryafashije ibigo guca mu mbogamizi za tekiniki, rikora neza ibyobo bito bifite uburebure bwa mm 0.2 cyangwa munsi yabyo, kandi rifungura amasoko y’agaciro gakomeye.
Iv. Ibyiza birambye: Amahitamo meza yo gukora ibintu bidafite ibidukikije
Granite ni ibuye karemano ridafite irangi rya shimi kandi nta byuka bihumanya ikirere bifite, byujuje ibisabwa na RoHS mu kurengera ibidukikije. Igihe cyaryo kirekire cyane kigabanya inshuro zo gusimbuza ibikoresho, kikagabanya ikoreshwa ry’umutungo kamere n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Ibarura ry’ikigo kimwe gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije rigaragaza ko gukoresha urufatiro rwa granite ku gikoresho kimwe cyo gucukura PCB bishobora kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ho toni 3 mu gihe cyose cy’ubuzima bwacyo, ibi bikaba bihuye n’icyerekezo cy’inganda zikora ibintu bishya.

Kuva ku kugenzura neza urwego rwa mikoroni kugeza ku kunoza ikiguzi cyuzuye, ishingiro rya granite ririmo kuvugurura amahame ngenderwaho y’ibikorwa byo gucukura PCB hamwe n’inyungu zabyo zidasimburwa. Muri iki gihe cy’ubukene bukabije bwa chips za 5G na AI, guhitamo ishingiro rya granite si ishoramari mu bwiza bw’ibicuruzwa gusa, ahubwo ni n’intambwe ikomeye yo gufata urwego rwo hejuru rw’ikoranabuhanga.