Kuva kuri isotropy yibintu kugeza guhagarika vibrasiya: Nigute granite yemeza ko isubiramo ryubushakashatsi bwa siyansi yubushakashatsi?

In urwego rwubushakashatsi bwa siyanse, gusubiramo amakuru yubushakashatsi nibintu byingenzi byo gupima kwizerwa mubuvumbuzi. Kubangamira ibidukikije cyangwa ikosa ryo gupima rishobora gutera ibisubizo gutandukana, bityo bigabanya intege nke zumwanzuro wubushakashatsi. Hamwe nimiterere yihariye yumubiri nubumashini, granite itanga ituze ryikigereranyo mubice byose uhereye kumiterere yabyo kugeza kubishushanyo mbonera, bikagira ibikoresho fatizo byibikoresho byubushakashatsi.

1. Isotropy: Kurandura inkomoko yamakosa yibintu ubwabyo
Granite igizwe na kirisiti ya minisiteri nka quartz, feldspar na mika ikwirakwizwa neza, yerekana ibiranga isotropique. Ibi biranga byerekana ko imiterere yumubiri (nkubukomere na moderi ya elastique) ihuza cyane mubyerekezo byose kandi ntibizatera gutandukana kubipima kubera itandukaniro ryimbere. Kurugero, mubushakashatsi bwubukanishi busobanutse, mugihe ingero zashyizwe kumurongo wa granite kugirango zipakurure ibizamini, ihinduka ryikibanza ubwaryo riguma rihamye hatitawe ku cyerekezo ingufu zikoreshwa, bityo tukirinda neza amakosa yo gupimwa yatewe na anisotropy yicyerekezo cyibikoresho. Ibinyuranyo, ibikoresho byuma byerekana anisotropiya ikomeye kubera itandukaniro ryerekezo rya kristu mugihe cyo gutunganya, bigira ingaruka mbi kumurongo wamakuru yubushakashatsi. Kubwibyo, ibi biranga granite byemeza uburinganire bwimiterere yubushakashatsi kandi bigashyiraho urufatiro rukomeye rwo kugera kubisubiramo.

2. Ihungabana ryubushyuhe: Irinde intambamyi ziterwa nihindagurika ryubushyuhe
Ubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi mubusanzwe bwumva cyane ubushyuhe bwibidukikije. Ndetse n'impinduka ntoya irashobora gutera kwaguka no kugabanya ibikoresho, bityo bikagira ingaruka kubipimo. Granite ifite coefficient nkeya cyane yo kwagura ubushyuhe (4-8 × 10⁻⁶ / ℃), ni kimwe cya kabiri cyicyuma cyuma na kimwe cya gatatu cyumuti wa aluminium. Mubidukikije bifite ihindagurika ryubushyuhe bwa ± 5 ℃, ingano yubunini bwa metero imwe ya granite ya metero imwe iri munsi ya 0.04μm, ishobora kwirengagizwa. Kurugero, mubushakashatsi bwokubangamira optique, ikoreshwa rya platform ya granite irashobora gutandukanya neza ihungabana ryubushyuhe ryatewe no gutangira no guhagarika ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikonjesha, bityo bigatuma habaho ituze ryamakuru mugihe cyo gupima uburebure bwumurambararo no kwirinda guhuza ibice biturutse kumiterere yubushyuhe, bityo bikaba byemeza guhuza no kugereranya amakuru mubihe bitandukanye.

Iii. Ubushobozi budasanzwe bwo guhagarika imbaraga
Muri laboratoire, kunyeganyega gutandukanye (nko gukora ibikoresho no kugenda kwabakozi) nibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kubisubizo. Bitewe nuburyo bwo hejuru bwo kugabanuka, granite yabaye ubwoko bwa "bariyeri karemano". Imiterere yimbere ya kirisiti irashobora guhindura byihuse imbaraga zinyeganyega mu mbaraga zumuriro, kandi igipimo cyacyo cyo kugabanuka kiri hejuru ya 0.05-0.1, bikaba byiza cyane kuruta ibikoresho byuma (hafi 0.01). Kurugero, mubushakashatsi bwa scanning tunneling microscopie (STM), ukoresheje base ya granite, hejuru ya 90% yinyeganyeza yo hanze irashobora kwihuza mumasegonda 0.3 gusa, bigatuma intera iri hagati yubushakashatsi hamwe nubuso bwikitegererezo ihagaze neza bityo bigatuma habaho guhuza urwego rwa atome. Byongeye kandi, guhuza urubuga rwa granite hamwe na sisitemu yo kwigunga nka sisitemu yo mu kirere cyangwa imbaraga za magnetique birashobora kurushaho kugabanya ihungabana ry’imitsi ku rwego rwa nanometero, bikazamura neza neza ubushakashatsi.

Iv. Imiti ihamye kandi yizewe igihe kirekire
Imyitozo yubushakashatsi bwa siyansi akenshi isaba kugenzurwa igihe kirekire kandi igasubirwamo kenshi, bityo ibisabwa kugirango ibintu birambe ni ngombwa cyane. Nibikoresho bifite imiterere ihamye ya chimique, granite ifite intera nini yo kwihanganira pH (1-14), ntabwo ikora hamwe na aside isanzwe hamwe na reagent ya alkali, kandi ntisohora ioni yicyuma. Kubwibyo, irakwiriye ibidukikije bigoye nka laboratoire yimiti nibyumba bisukuye. Hagati aho, gukomera kwayo (Mohs gukomera kwa 6-7) hamwe no kwihanganira kwambara neza bituma bidakunda kwambara no guhindura ibintu mugihe kirekire. Amakuru yerekana ko itandukaniro ryimiterere ya platform ya granite imaze imyaka 10 ikoreshwa mubigo runaka byubushakashatsi bwa fiziki iracyagenzurwa muri ± 0.1μm / m, igashyiraho urufatiro rukomeye rwo gukomeza gutanga amakuru yizewe.

Mu gusoza, duhereye kuri microstructure kugeza imikorere ya macroscopique, granite ikuraho gahunda zitandukanye zishobora kubangamira ibyiza byinshi nka isotropy, ituze ryiza ryumuriro, ubushobozi bwo guhagarika vibrasiya, hamwe nigihe kirekire cyimiti. Mu rwego rwubushakashatsi bwa siyanse bukurikirana kandi busubirwamo, granite, hamwe nibyiza byayo bidasubirwaho, byahindutse imbaraga zingenzi mugutanga amakuru yukuri kandi yizewe.