Imashini yuzuye ya CMM n'Ubuyobozi bwo gupima

Imashini ya CMM ni iki?

Tekereza imashini ikoze mu buryo bwa CNC ishobora gupima neza cyane mu buryo bwikora cyane. Ibyo nibyo imashini za CMM zikora!

CMM isobanura "Imashini yo gupima ikoresheje uburyo bwo guhuza". Birashoboka ko ari byo bikoresho bipima ibintu bya 3D bigezweho mu buryo bwo guhuza uburyo bworoshye, bworoshye kandi bwihuse.

Imikoreshereze y'imashini zipima ibintu zihuza

Imashini zo gupima zihuza imiterere y'ibipimo ni ingirakamaro igihe cyose hakenewe gupimwa neza. Kandi uko ibipimo birushaho kuba byinshi cyangwa bigoye, ni ko birushaho kuba byiza gukoresha CMM.

Ubusanzwe CMM zikoreshwa mu kugenzura no kugenzura ubuziranenge. Ni ukuvuga ko zikoreshwa mu kugenzura ko igice cyujuje ibisabwa n'ibisobanuro by'uwagishushanyije.

Bashobora kandi kumenyerainjeniyeri usubira inyumaibice bihari binyuze mu gupima neza imiterere yabyo.

Ni nde wavumbuye imashini za CMM?

Imashini za mbere za CMM zakozwe na Ferranti Company yo muri Ecosse mu myaka ya 1950. Zari zikenewe kugira ngo hapimwe neza ibice mu nganda z’indege n’iz’ubwirinzi. Imashini za mbere zari zifite imigozi ibiri gusa. Imashini eshatu zashyizwe mu migozi zatangijwe mu myaka ya 1960 na DEA yo mu Butaliyani. Igenzura rya mudasobwa ryatangiye mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1970, ritangijwe na Sheffield yo muri Amerika.

Ubwoko bw'imashini za CMM

Hari ubwoko butanu bw'imashini zipima ibintu hamwe:

• Ubwoko bwa CMM: Muri ubu buryo, umutwe wa CMM ukunze kugaragara cyane ugendera ku kiraro. Uruhande rumwe rw'ikiraro rugendera ku kiraro kiri ku buriri, urundi rushyigikiwe n'umusego w'umwuka cyangwa ubundi buryo ku buriri budafite uruzitiro ruyobora.
• Cantilever CMM: Cantilever ishyigikira ikiraro ku ruhande rumwe gusa.
• Gantry CMM: Gantry ikoresha inzira yo kuyobora impande zombi, nka CNC Router. Izi akenshi ni zo CMM nini cyane, bityo zikaba zikeneye inkunga y'inyongera.
• Ukuboko Kutambitse CMM: Tekereza icyuma gikonjesha, ariko ikiraro cyose kizamuka kandi kimanuka ku kuboko kumwe aho kugendera ku murongo wacyo. Izi ni CMM zidahuje neza cyane, ariko zishobora gupima ibice binini byoroheje nk'imibiri y'imodoka.
• Ubwoko bw'ukuboko kwimurwa CMM: Izi mashini zikoresha amaboko afatanye kandi akenshi zishyirwa mu mwanya wazo n'intoki. Aho gupima XYZ mu buryo butaziguye, zibara imirongo ihuza impande zose uhereye aho buri ngingo ihurira n'uburebure buzwi hagati y'ingingo.

Buri kimwe gifite ibyiza n'ibibi bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ibipimo bigomba gukorwa. Ubwo bwoko bwerekana imiterere y'imashini ikoreshwa mu gushyiraikizaminiugereranije n'igice kiri gupimwa.

Dore imbonerahamwe igufasha gusobanukirwa ibyiza n'ibibi:

Ubusanzwe imashini zipima ubunini zishyirwa mu byiciro bitatu - X, Y, na Z. Ariko, imashini zigezweho zishobora no gutuma inguni y'imashini zipima ubunini ihinduka bigatuma ipima ahantu imashini idashobora kugera. Imbonerahamwe zizunguruka zishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kunoza ubushobozi bw'ibintu bitandukanye.

CMM zikunze gukorwa muri granite na aluminiyumu, kandi zikoresha ibyuma bitanga umwuka

Isuzuma ni sensor igena aho ubuso bw'igice buri iyo hakozwe igipimo.

Ubwoko bw'ibizamini birimo:

• Ubukanishi
• Ikoranabuhanga
• Laser
• Itara ry'umweru

Imashini zo gupima zikoreshwa mu buryo butatu rusange:

• Ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge: Aha ngaha, akenshi zibikwa mu byumba bisukuye bigenzurwa n'ikirere kugira ngo zirusheho kuba nziza.
• Inzu y'iduka: Hano CMM ziri mu mashini za CNC kugira ngo byorohereze gukora igenzura nk'igice cy'imashini ikora, aho ingendo nke hagati ya CMM n'imashini aho ibice birimo gukorwa. Ibi bituma ibipimo bikorwa hakiri kare kandi bishobora no kuba kenshi bigatuma amakosa agabanuka kuko amakosa agaragara vuba.
• Igendanwa: Imashini zigendanwa za CMM zoroshye kuzitwara. Zishobora gukoreshwa ku igorofa cyangwa zikajyanwa ahantu hatandukanye n'aho zikorerwa kugira ngo zipime ibice biri mu murima.

Imashini za CMM (Uburyo bwa CMM) ni ubuhe?

Ubuziranenge bw'imashini zo gupima ibintu bitandukanye. Muri rusange, ziba zigamije gukora mikorometero neza cyangwa neza kurushaho. Ariko ntabwo byoroshye cyane. Impamvu imwe ni uko ikosa rishobora kuba bitewe n'ingano, bityo ikosa ryo gupima rya CMM rishobora kugaragazwa nk'uburyo bugufi burimo uburebure bw'igipimo nk'impinduka.

Urugero, Hexagon's Global Classic CMM iri ku rutonde rwa CMM ihendutse kandi ikoreshwa mu buryo bwose, kandi igaragaza neza uko iteye muri ubu buryo:

1.0 + L/300um

Ibyo bipimo biri muri mikoroni na L igaragazwa muri mm. Reka tuvuge ko tugerageza gupima uburebure bw'ikintu cya mm 10. Ifishi yaba 1.0 + 10/300 = 1.0 + 1/30 cyangwa mikoroni 1.03.

Mikoroni ni kimwe cya cumi cya mm, kingana na santimetero 0.00003937. Ikosa rero iyo upima uburebure bwa mm 10 ni 0.00103 mm cyangwa santimetero 0.00004055. Iryo ni munsi ya kimwe cya kabiri cy'igice cy'icumi - ikosa rito cyane!

Ku rundi ruhande, umuntu agomba kugira ubunyangamugayo inshuro 10 z'ibyo tugerageza gupima. Ibyo bivuze ko niba dushobora kwizera iki gipimo inshuro 10 z'icyo gipimo, cyangwa santimetero 0.00005. Ni ikosa rito cyane.

Ibintu birushaho kuba bibi cyane ku bipimo bya CMM byo mu iduka. Iyo CMM iri muri laboratwari igenzura ubushyuhe, birafasha cyane. Ariko ku iduka, ubushyuhe bushobora gutandukana cyane. Hari uburyo butandukanye CMM ishobora kwishyura ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe, ariko nta na bumwe butunganye.

Abakora CMM bakunze kugaragaza neza uburyo umugozi umeze, kandi dukurikije ibipimo bya ISO 10360-2 ku bijyanye n'uburyo CMM imeze, umugozi usanzwe ni 64-72F (18-22C). Ibyo ni byiza cyane keretse iyo igorofa ryawe rya Shop riri 86F mu mpeshyi. Ubwo nta gipimo cyiza cy'ikosa ufite.

Bamwe mu bakora ibikoresho bazaguha ingazi cyangwa imigozi y'ubushyuhe ifite ibipimo bitandukanye by'ubuziranenge. Ariko se bigenda bite iyo uri mu byiciro birenze kimwe kugira ngo ukoreshe ibice bimwe mu bihe bitandukanye by'umunsi cyangwa mu minsi itandukanye y'icyumweru?

Umuntu atangira gukora ingengo y'imari idasobanutse neza ituma habaho ibibazo bikomeye. Iyo ibyo bibazo bikomeye bigutera kwihanganira ibintu bidakwiye, hakenewe izindi mpinduka mu mikorere:

• Ushobora kugabanya ikoreshwa rya CMM ku masaha amwe n'amwe y'umunsi aho ubushyuhe bugabanuka mu rugero rwiza.
• Ushobora guhitamo gukoresha ibice cyangwa imikorere yoroshye mu masaha runaka y'umunsi.
• CMM nziza zishobora kuba zifite imiterere myiza y'ubushyuhe bwawe. Zishobora kuba zifite akamaro nubwo zishobora kuba zihenze cyane.

Birumvikana ko izi ngamba zizangiza ubushobozi bwawe bwo gutegura neza akazi kawe. Mu buryo butunguranye, urimo gutekereza ko kugenzura neza ikirere muri Shop Floor bishobora kuba ishoramari rifite akamaro.

Urabona ukuntu iki kintu cyose cyo gupima kirushaho kuba kibi cyane.

Ikindi kintu kijyana ni uburyo ubushobozi bwo kugenzura bugomba kugenzurwa na CMM bugenwa. Igipimo cya zahabu ni Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T). Reba amasomo yacu y'ibanze kuri GD&T kugira ngo umenye byinshi.

Porogaramu ya CMM

CMM ikoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwa porogaramu. Iyi porogaramu yitwa DMIS, bisobanura Dimensional Measurement Interface Standard. Nubwo atari yo porogaramu nyamukuru ikoreshwa na buri mukora CMM, inyinshi muri zo nibura zirayishyigikira.

Abakora ibikoresho bakoze uburyohe bwabo bwihariye kugira ngo bongereho imirimo yo gupima idashyigikiwe na DMIS.

DMIS

Nkuko byavuzwe, DMIS niyo isanzwe, ariko kimwe na g-code ya CNC, hari indimi nyinshi zirimo:

• PC-DMIS: Verisiyo ya Hexagon
• OpenDMIS
• TouchDMIS: Perceptron

MCOSMOS

MCOSTMOS ni porogaramu ya Nikon ya CMM.

Kalipso

Calypso ni porogaramu ya CMM ikomoka kuri Zeiss.

Porogaramu ya CMM na CAD/CAM

Ni gute porogaramu za CMM na Porogaramu zifitanye isano na Porogaramu za CAD/CAM?

Hari ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye bwa dosiye za CAD, bityo rero reba izo Porogaramu ya CMM yawe ikorana nazo. Uburyo bwo guhuza bwa nyuma bwitwa Model Based Definition (MBD). Hamwe na MBD, moderi ubwayo ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukuramo ingano za CMM.

MDB ni nziza cyane, bityo ntabwo ikoreshwa mu bihe byinshi.

CMM Probes, ibyuma bipima, n'ibikoresho

Imashini za CMM

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bw'imashini zipima n'imiterere yazo kugira ngo zorohereze ikoreshwa ryazo ritandukanye.

Imiterere ya CMM

Ibikoresho byose bizigama igihe cyo gupakira no gupakurura ibice kuri CMM, kimwe no ku mashini ya CNC. Ushobora no kubona CMM zifite ibikoresho byo gushyiramo pallet byikora kugira ngo birusheho gutanga umusaruro.

Igiciro cy'imashini ya CMM

Imashini nshya zo gupima zitangira hagati y’amadolari 20.000 na 30.000, zikagera ku madolari arenga miliyoni imwe.

Akazi gafitanye isano na CMM mu iduka ry'imashini

Umuyobozi wa CMM

Umuhanga mu gutegura porogaramu za CMM

Umukozi wa CMM