Isahani y'ubuso bwa granite ni inkingi idashidikanywaho y'ubunini bw'ibipimo—isahani y'amabuye isa n'aho yoroshye ikora nk'icyitegererezo cy'ingenzi cyo gupima neza. Ariko, imikorere yayo igaragazwa n'ikinyuranyo: akamaro kayo gashingiye ku buryo butunganye (ubugari busesuye) ari na bwo, mu by'ukuri, bugereranywa gusa. Ku bahanga mu kugenzura ubuziranenge, injeniyeri, n'abakora mu maduka y'imashini, ubusugire bw'iyi fondasiyo ntibushobora kuganirwaho, bisaba gusobanukirwa byimbitse uburyo bwo kwihanganira, kubungabunga, no kuyikoresha.
Uburyo bwo Kudatungana: Gusobanukirwa Ubugari bw'Isahani yo Ku Rusobe rw'Ibintu
Ikibazo cy'ingenzi, ni uko plaque y'ubuso bwa granite iba ingana, ntabwo gisubizwa n'umubare umwe, ahubwo gisubizwa n'ubwoko bw'ikosa ryemewe, rizwi nka grade yayo. Ubugari bupimwa nk'impinduka z'igipimo rusange (TIR) ku buso bwose bw'akazi, ubugari bukunze gupimwa mu bice bya miliyoni ya santimetero cyangwa mikorometero. Amasahani meza cyane, azwi nka Grade AA (Laboratory Grade) cyangwa Grade 00, agera ku rwego rutangaje rw'ubugari. Ku isahani iri hagati (urugero, $24 \inshuro santimetero 36$), ubugari buva ku gipimo cy'ubugari butunganye bushobora kugarukira kuri santimetero 0.00005$ gusa (ibice bya miliyoni 50 bya santimetero). Iki ni ubugari buto kurusha igice icyo ari cyo cyose cyapimweho. Uko amanota agenda agabanuka - Grade 0 cyangwa A yo kugenzura, Grade 1 cyangwa B yo mu cyumba cy'ibikoresho - ubugari buto bwemewe burakura, ariko n'isahani y'icya mbere igumana ubugari buruta cyane intebe isanzwe yo gukoreramo. Ubugari bugerwaho binyuze mu buryo bwihariye, busubiramo bwitwa lapping, aho abatekinisiye b'abahanga bakoresha ibikoresho bito n'amasahani manini kugira ngo bambare ubuso bwa granite kugeza ku rugero rukenewe. Ubu buryo busaba akazi kenshi niyo mpamvu plaque yemewe ifite agaciro gakomeye. Ariko, imiterere karemano ituma granite iba nziza - kwaguka kwayo gake, kudahindagurika neza kw'ingufu, no kurwanya ingese - ikomeza gusa ubugari; ntibuza ko yangirika buhoro buhoro binyuze mu kuyikoresha.
Kubungabunga Ubuziranenge: Ni kangahe Isahani y'Ubuso bwa Granite Igomba Gupimwa?
Isahani yo hejuru ni ikintu kigaragara gitakaza ubuziranenge bwacyo uko igihe kigenda gihita bitewe n’ingufu zisanzwe, ihindagurika ry’ubushyuhe, n’imyanda mito y’ibidukikije. Kubwibyo, igisubizo cy’inshuro isahani yo hejuru ya granite igomba gupimwa gishingira ku bintu bibiri by’ingenzi: ubukana bw’ikoreshwa ryayo n’urwego rwayo. Isahani zikoreshwa buri gihe mu gace kagenzurwa, cyane cyane izikoresha ibikoresho biremereye cyangwa ibice binini (Isahani zikoreshwa cyane cyangwa iz’ingenzi, Icyiciro AA/0), zigomba gupimwa buri mezi atandatu. Iyi gahunda ikomeye ituma isahani iguma mu rugero rurerure cyane rusabwa mu igenzura ry’ibanze no gupima. Isahani zikoreshwa mu mirimo yo gushyiraho imiterere, gushyiraho ibikoresho, cyangwa kugenzura ubuziranenge bw’aho igurishirizwa (Isahani zikoreshwa mu buryo buciriritse, Icyiciro cya 1) zishobora gukora ku mezi 12 yo gupima, nubwo akazi gakomeye gakwiye gutuma hagenzurwa amezi atandatu. Ndetse n’isahani zibikwa kandi zigakoreshwa gake (Isahani zikoreshwa gake cyangwa iz’ingenzi) zigomba gupimwa buri myaka ibiri, kuko ibintu bifitanye isano n’ibidukikije, harimo no gutuza no guhindagurika k’ubushyuhe, bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buryo bwa mbere. Uburyo bwo gupima ubwabwo bukubiyemo uburyo bwihariye, akenshi bukoresha urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga, auto-collimators, cyangwa sisitemu zo gupima laser, kugira ngo hamenyekane ubuso bwose bw'ikibaho hanyuma bugereranywe n'ibipimo byemejwe. Raporo yavuyemo isobanura neza uburyo ubu buhagaze kandi igaragaza ahantu hasanzwe hashaje, itanga ishingiro risobanutse ryo kumenya niba ikibaho gikeneye kongera gushyirwaho (gusubirwamo) kugira ngo gisubizwe mu rwego rwo hejuru. Kwirengagiza iki gikorwa bishyira mu kaga urunigi rwose rw'ubuziranenge; ikibaho kidasubirwamo ni ikintu kitazwi.
Gufata neza: Uburyo bwo kwimura isahani y'ubuso bwa granite mu mutekano
Amasahani yo hejuru ya granite aremereye cyane kandi atangaje ko apfa ubusa, bigatuma gutwara neza kwayo biba igikorwa gikomeye gisaba ubumenyi bwihariye kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika gukabije cyangwa, ikibi kurushaho, gukomeretsa umuntu. Muri make, kuyikoresha nabi bishobora kwangiza isahani cyangwa kwangiza ubugari bwayo busanzwe mu kanya gato. Iyo uhuye n'uburyo bwo kwimura isahani yo hejuru ya granite, uburyo bugomba kwemeza ko ishyigikiwe neza kandi ihamye mu gihe cyose cy'urugendo. Kwitegura ni ingenzi: gukosora inzira yose y'urugendo. Ntukigere ukoresha amasahani asanzwe aho amasahani ashyigikira agace gato gusa; ibi bikungahaye ku buremere kandi byazatuma granite icika. Ku masahani manini, koresha agakoresho ko gukwirakwiza n'imigozi minini kandi ikomeye (cyangwa imigozi yabugenewe yo guterura) yagenewe ingano nyayo y'isahani. Imigozi igomba gufatwa mu bugari bw'isahani kugira ngo imbaraga zo kuyiterura zikwirakwizwe neza uko bishoboka kose. Kugira ngo wimure isahani intera ngufi mu iduka, isahani igomba gushyirwa ku gipfundikizo gikomeye, gihamye cyangwa palati, kandi niba bihari, ibikoresho byo kuzenguruka mu mwuka ni byiza kuko bikuraho gushwanyagurika no gukwirakwiza uburemere bw'isahani mu igorofa. Nta na rimwe isahani igomba kwimurwa cyangwa guterurwa ku nkengero zayo gusa; Granite iba ifite intege nke cyane mu bijyanye no guhagarara, kandi kuyizamura uhereye ku ruhande bizatera imbaraga nyinshi zo kuyikata bishobora gutuma icika byoroshye. Buri gihe menya neza ko imbaraga zo kuyizamura zikoreshwa cyane cyane munsi y'uburemere.
Ubukorikori: Uburyo bwo gukora isahani ya Granite
Gukora plaque y'ubuso bwa granite ikora neza ni igihamya cy'ubukorikori gakondo bujyanye n'ibipimo bigezweho. Si ikintu gishobora kugerwaho mu iduka risanzwe ry'imashini. Iyo ushakisha uburyo bwo gukora plaque y'ubuso bwa granite, usanga intambwe ya nyuma, y'ingenzi ari uguhuza. Inzira itangirana no guhitamo ibuye rikwiye—ubusanzwe granite y'umukara ifite ubucucike bwinshi, izwiho CTE nkeya no gukomera kwayo. Islab mbisi iracibwa, igasigwa hakoreshejwe amapine manini ya diyama kugira ngo igere ku buryo buto, kandi igatuza. Granite igomba "gusaza" kugira ngo igabanye imbaraga z'imbere mu ibuye mu gihe cyo gucukura no gutunganya. Intambwe ya nyuma ni uguhuza, aho plaque iraseshwa hakoreshejwe slurry na master reference plates. Umutekinisiye akora ahantu hagenzurwa, ahora apima ubuso bw'plaque akoresheje ibikoresho nk'ibipimo by'ikoranabuhanga. Gukuraho ibikoresho bikorwa n'intoki cyangwa hakoreshejwe imashini zihariye zo guhuza, zibanda ku bice birebire byagaragaye mu gihe cyo gupima. Ibi bikomeza, akenshi amasaha menshi, kugeza igihe gutandukana gupimwe ku buso bwose bigeze mu rugero rwa micro-inch rusabwa ku rwego rw'icyitegererezo. Iyi nzira isaba imbaraga ni yo yemeza ko abahanga mu by'ubuso bwemewe bishingikirizaho buri munsi. Kuba ibicuruzwa byarangiye biramba kandi bikaba byizewe ni byo bituma ikiguzi cy'ubu buhanga bwihariye gihinduka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-26-2025