Urubuga rwa granite, nk'igikoresho cyo gupima no gutunganya neza, kubungabunga neza kwarwo bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bwiza bw'umusaruro. Ibi bikurikira bitanga gahunda ihamye yo kubungabunga ibidukikije ikubiyemo igenzura ry’ibidukikije, kubungabunga buri munsi no kugenzura neza ibyakozwe n'abahanga kugira ngo uru rubuga rukomeze kugira ubuziranenge bw'urwego rwa nanometer igihe kirekire.
1. Kugenzura ibidukikije: Hubaka uruzitiro rwo kurinda neza
Gucunga ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe
Ubushyuhe bw'aho bakorera bugomba kugabanuka kuri dogere 20±1℃. Ihindagurika rya 1℃ rizatuma ubushyuhe bw'urukuta rwa granite buhinduka kuri dogere 0.5-1μm/m. Sisitemu y'ubushyuhe idahindagurika ishobora gushyirwa mu iduka kugira ngo hirindwe ko aho umwuka uhuha utagera ku rukuta.
Ubushuhe bugomba kugenzurwa hagati ya 40% na 60%. Ubushuhe bwinshi bushobora gutera ingese ku bice by'icyuma, mu gihe ubushuhe buke cyane bushobora gutera impanuka mu gupima amashanyarazi adahinduka.
Gutandukanya imitingito
Urubuga rugomba kugenzurwa kure y’aho ibintu binyeganyega nko mu mashini zitera kashe n’izisya. Ni byiza ko hagomba kuba hari intera irenga metero 3 uvuye ku bikoresho binyeganyega.
Niba guhindagura bidashobora kwirindwa, utumashini dufata umwuka dukoresha impera y'umwuka dushobora gushyirwa munsi y'urukuta kugira ngo tugabanye ingaruka z'imihindagurikire y'ibidukikije ku buryo urukuta rudahindagurika (bishobora kugabanya imihindagurikire yo hanze ho hejuru ya 80%).
2. Gutunganya buri munsi: Kugenzura neza kuva ku isuku kugeza ku kurinda
Ibipimo byo gusukura ubuso
Gukuraho ivumbi: Hanagura ubuso ukoresheje uruhu rw'impala cyangwa igitambaro kidafite irangi mu cyerekezo kimwe buri munsi kugira ngo wirinde ko uduce tw'ivumbi (≥5μm) twakwangiza urubuga. Ibizinga bikomeye bishobora guhanagurwa buhoro buhoro ukoresheje ethanol idafite amazi (ubuziranenge ≥99.7%). Ibinyabutabire bikomeye nka acetone ntibigomba gukoreshwa.
Gukuraho amavuta: Iyo ihuye n'ibizinga by'amavuta, ihanagure ukoresheje isukura idasembuye, hanyuma woge n'amazi yakuwemo ayoni hanyuma wumishe umwuka kugira ngo wirinde ko amavuta y'ubutare yinjira mu myenge mito y'urukuta.
Ubwirinzi bw'imizigo n'impanuka
Ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo bw'uru rubuga bugomba kugenzurwa muri 70% by'umutwaro wagenwe (urugero, ku rukuta rwa 1000kg, ni byiza ko umutwaro uba ≤700kg) kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika burundu guterwa no kurenza urugero rw'aho hantu.
Birabujijwe cyane gukubita ibikoresho byo gukora ku rukuta. Mu gihe ukoresha ibikoresho, wambare uturindantoki tworoshye kugira ngo wirinde ko ibintu bityaye bikubita hejuru (imikufi ifite ubujyakuzimu burenga 20μm izagira ingaruka ku gupima inzira y'urumuri rugaragara).
3. Gutunganya umwuga: Ishingiro ry'ubumenyi mu kubungabunga ukuri
Igenamiterere ry'uruziga rwo gupima
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha: Suzuma buri gihembwe hanyuma ukoreshe laser interferometer kugira ngo umenye ubugari (n'ubuziranenge bwa ± 0.5μm/m).
Gukoresha inshuro nyinshi cyangwa ahantu habi: Gupima buri kwezi, hibandwa ku kugenzura ahantu hashobora kwangirika ubushyuhe (nk'inkombe y'urubuga hafi y'aho ubushyuhe buturuka).
Gutunganya nyuma yo gupima
Iyo habonetse icyuho cyo kugorora (nk'urugero: > ± 1μm/m), kigomba gusya no gusanwa n'umuhanga mu by'ubuhanga akoresheje ifu ya W1.5. Kwisya ukoresheje sandpaper birabujijwe cyane.
Nyuma yo gupima, amakuru agomba kwandikwa no kubikwa, kandi hagashyirwaho uburyo bwo kugabanya ubuziranenge bw'urusobe rw'ibikoresho kugira ngo hamenyekane mbere y'igihe ibisabwa mu kubungabunga.
4. Kubika no gutwara: Irinde igihombo cyihishe ku buryo bufatika
Ingingo z'ingenzi zo kubika ibintu igihe kirekire
Mu gihe kibikwa, kigomba gupfukwa n'igipfundikizo kidapfa ubushuhe kandi kidapfa ivumbi. Igice cyo hasi kigomba gushyigikirwa n'ingingo eshatu (aho gishyigikirwa kiri kuri 2/9 by'uburebure bw'aho gifungirwa) kugira ngo hirindwe ko imiterere y'ubutaka ihinduka bitewe n'uburemere bw'ubutaka (urukuta rwa metero 1 rushobora kugwaho 0.3μm bitewe n'inkunga y'urukuta rumwe rumara igihe kirekire).
Hindura aho urubuga ruhagarara buri gihe (buri kwezi) kugira ngo wirinde igitutu cy'igihe kirekire.
Gahunda yo kurinda ubwikorezi
Gutwara ibintu mu ntera ngufi: Zingira ifuro rifata umuyaga, shyira mu gice gikomeye, kandi ukomeze kwihuta mu ntera ya 2g.
Gutwara ibintu kure: Bigomba gushyirwa mu cyuma gisukuye kandi byujujwemo azote yumye. Nyuma yo kuhagera, bigomba guhagarara amasaha 24 kugeza ubushyuhe bugeze ku buringanire mbere yo kubipakurura kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi y’umukungugu yagira ingaruka ku buryo buboneye.
5. Guhanura amakosa: Uburyo bwo kumenya ibibazo hakiri kare
Igenzura ry'amaso: Reba buri gihe ubuso ukoresheje ikirahuri gisa n'ikirahuri gisa n'ikirahuri gisa n'ikirahuri gisa n'ikirahuri. Iyo habonetse uduce duto cyangwa ikirahuri kigabanuka cyane, bishobora kugaragaza ko ubuziranenge bwacyo bwagabanutse.
Gutahura amajwi: Kanda witonze kuri platform. Iyo ijwi ritangiye gushyuha (ubusanzwe rigomba kuba risobanutse neza), hashobora kuba hari uduce duto tw’amajwi imbere. Hagarika gukoresha ako kanya kugira ngo umenye.
Binyuze muri ubu buryo bwo kubungabunga, urubuga rwa ZHHIMG® granite rushobora kugumana ubugari bwa ± 1μm/m mu gihe cy'imyaka 10, burenze inshuro eshatu igihe cy'ubuzima bw'urukuta rutabungabunzwe neza. Imyitozo yagaragaje ko nyuma y'uko uruganda runaka rw'ibikoresho bya semiconductor rukoresheje ubu buryo, inshuro zo gupima urubuga zagabanutseho 50%, kandi ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga buri mwaka cyagabanutseho arenga 150.000 yuan.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-18-2025