Mu gukora neza, guteranya indege, n'amaduka acuruza ibikoresho n'ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu Burayi no muri Amerika ya Ruguru, hari ukuri gucecetse ariko gukomeye abahanga mu by'ikirere bagenderaho: uko ibikoresho byawe byaba biteye kose, ibipimo byawe byizewe gusa nk'ubuso buvugwaho. Kandi iyo bigeze ku buziranenge bw'ibanze, nta kintu na kimwe—cyaba icyuma gishongeshejwe, cyaba icyuma, cyaba imvange—gihuye n'ubudahangarwa burambye bw'isahani yo kugenzura ya granite. Nyamara nubwo ifite uruhare runini, iki gikoresho cy'ingenzi gikunze gufatwa nk'intebe y'akazi idakora aho gufatwa nk'urugero rw'ubuziranenge bw'imikorere nk'uko biri koko.
Ingaruka z'iryo genzura zishobora kuba zigoye ariko zihenze. Umufundi ahuza ibikoresho bigoye akoresheje uburebure ku isahani ishaje cyangwa idafite icyemezo. Umugenzuzi agenzura ko ubuso bufunga bugororotse hamwe n'ikimenyetso cy'inyuguti gishyizwe ku rufatiro rugoramye. Injeniyeri w'ubuziranenge yemeza itsinda rishingiye ku makuru ya CMM atigeze yemezwa hakurikijwe urwego rw'ifatizo ruzwi. Muri buri kibazo, ibikoresho bishobora kuba bikora neza - ariko urufatiro ruri munsi yabyo rurangiritse. Niyo mpamvu gusobanukirwa ubushobozi, imbogamizi, n'imikoreshereze ikwiye y'isahani yawe yo kugenzura isahani ya granite, cyane cyane iyo ukoresha sisitemu nini za granite, atari imyitozo myiza gusa - ni ngombwa kugira ngo ukomeze kugira ubuziranenge bushobora gukurikiranwa kandi bushobora kwirindwa.
Granite ni yo yari ikoreshwa cyane muubuso bw'imbonerahamwe butunganyekuva mu kinyejana cya 20 hagati, kandi kubera impamvu za siyansi zikomeye. Imiterere yayo ikomeye kandi ifite imiterere myiza ya kristu itanga ubukana budasanzwe, ubushyuhe buke cyane (ubusanzwe 6–8 µm/m·°C), hamwe no kudakoresha imbaraga karemano zo guhindagura ibintu—byose ni ingenzi cyane mu gupima ibintu bishobora gusubirwamo. Bitandukanye n'amasahani y'icyuma, atera kwangirika, agakomeza guhangayika, kandi akaguka ku buryo bugaragara iyo ubushyuhe buhindutse, granite igumana ubuziranenge mu buryo busanzwe mu gihe cy'isuku isanzwe. Niyo mpamvu amahame nka ASME B89.3.7 na ISO 8512-2 agaragaza granite—atari nk'ikintu gikundwa, ahubwo nk'igisabwa cy'ibanze—ku masahani yo ku buso kuva ku cyiciro cya 00 kugeza ku cyiciro cya 1 akoreshwa mu gupima no kugenzura.
Ariko ingano izana imbogamizi nshya.isahani yo hejuru ya granite—urugero, mm 2000 x 1000 cyangwa nini—si verisiyo yagutse y’isahani yo hejuru gusa. Uburemere bwayo (ikunze kurenza kg 800) isaba imiterere ihamye yo gushyigikira kugira ngo wirinde kugwa. Imiterere y’ubushyuhe mu bunini bwayo ishobora gutuma habaho imiyoboro mito niba idahujwe neza. Kandi kubera ko ubushobozi bwo guhagarara bungana bitewe n’ingano (urugero, ± 13 µm kuri isahani ya 2000 x 1000 mm Grade 0 kuri ISO 8512-2), ndetse n’impinduka nto ziba zikomeye mu ntera ndende. Aha niho ubukorikori buhurira n’ubw’ubuhanga: amasahani nyayo ya granite manini ntabwo acibwa gusa kandi agasukurwa—agabanukaho stress mu mezi menshi, agashyirwa mu maboko mu byumweru byinshi, kandi agasuzumwa hakoreshejwe interferometers za laser cyangwa urwego rwa elegitoroniki ku bintu amagana ku buso.
Ikindi cy'ingenzi ni uburyo izi plaque zihurira n'ibikoresho byo gupima plaque y'ubuso. Ibipimo by'uburebure, ibimenyetso by'ibizamini bya dial, imigozi ya sine, kare z'ubuziranenge, ibipimo by'ubuziranenge, n'ibipimo by'amajwi byose bifata ko ubuso bwo munsi ari urwego rwiza. Niba atari byo, buri gipimo kiba cyarazwe iryo kosa. Urugero, iyo ukoresheje icyuma gipima uburebure bwa digitale mu gupima uburebure bw'intambwe ku gice cya moteri, kuvoma muri plaque ya mikoro 10 bihinduka ikosa rya mikoro 10 mu gipimo cyavuzwe - nubwo icyuma ubwacyo cyaba cyapimwe neza. Niyo mpamvu laboratwari zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zidatunze plaque ya granite gusa; bayifata nk'urugero rw'ubuzima, bagena gahunda yo kuvugurura buri gihe, bakagenzura ibidukikije, kandi bakandika buri ikoreshwa.
Muri ZHHIMG, twiboneye imbonankubone uburyo guhindura icyuma cyo kugenzura imbunda cyemewe bihindura umusaruro mwiza. Umwe mu bakora ibumba mu Burayi yasimbuje ameza yabo ashaje y'icyuma gikozwe mu cyuma gikozwe mu buryo bwa granite ya 1500 x 1000 mm, maze abona ihindagurika ry'ibipimo by'ibikoresho bikoreshwa n'abandi ryagabanutseho 40%. Ibikoresho byabo ntibyahindutse—ariko ibyo bashakaga kuvuga byarahindutse. Undi mukiriya mu rwego rw'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi yatsinze igenzura rikomeye rya FDA nyuma yo gutanga ibyemezo byuzuye byo gupima icyuma cyabo kinini gikozwe mu cyuma, bigaragaza ko gihuye n'amahame y'igihugu. Ibi si intsinzi zonyine; ni ibisubizo biteganyijwe iyo ushingiye ku kuri kw'ibintu.
Birakwiye kandi kwirengagiza igitekerezo gisanzwe: ko granite ishobora kwangirika. Nubwo ishobora gushwanyagurika iyo ikubiswe cyane n'icyuma gikomeye, irakomera cyane iyo ikoreshejwe bisanzwe. Ntigira ingese, ntisaba amavuta, kandi ntizahinduka bitewe n'ubushyuhe cyangwa impinduka z'ubushyuhe buri hagati. Iyo ubyitayeho by'ibanze—gusukura buri gihe ukoresheje isopropyl alcohol, kwirinda ingaruka zitaziguye, no kuyishyigikira neza—ifite ubwiza bwo hejuru.isahani ya granitebishobora kumara imyaka 30 cyangwa irenga. Amasahani menshi yashyizweho mu myaka ya 1970 aracyakoreshwa buri munsi na n'ubu, ubugari bwayo ntibuhinduka.
Mu gihe uhitamo plaque yo kugenzura ubuso bwa granite, reba kure y'ubwiza. Emeza neza urwego (Impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya 00 ku ma laboratwari yo gupima, Impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya 0 ku igenzura ryimbitse), yemeza ko icyemezo kirimo ikarita y'ubugari (atari ikimenyetso cyo gutsinda cyangwa gutsindwa gusa), kandi urebe neza ko umucuruzi atanga ubuyobozi ku bijyanye no gushyiraho, gucunga, no kongera gupima hagati y'igihe. Ku bijyanye no gushyiraho plaque nini za granite, baza ibijyanye n'ibitereko byihariye bifite ibirenge bihinduka byo kugena uburebure n'ibanga ryo gutigita - ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo ukomeze gukora neza mu bidukikije.
Kandi ibuka: ibikoresho byawe byo gupimira isahani yo hejuru ni ukuri nk'uko ubuso bicayeho bumeze. Imbonerahamwe ifite uburebure bwa gaugeona warpedtable ni ukuri kuruta 1000 iri ku isahani yemewe ya granite. Ubuziranenge ntabwo ari igikoresho gihenze cyane—ni igikoresho cyizewe cyane.
Muri ZHHIMG, dufatanya n'amahugurwa y'abahanga avanga uburyo bwo gupima ibintu mu buryo bw'ubukorikori n'uburyo bugezweho bwo kugenzura ibipimo. Buri plaque dutanga igeragezwa ukwayo, igashyirwa mu byiciro, kandi iherekejwe n'icyemezo cyuzuye cya NIST gishobora gukurikiranwa. Ntitwemera "hafi bihagije." Muri metrology, nta kintu nk'icyo kibaho.
Ibaze rero uti: iyo igice cyawe cy'ingenzi cyane gitsinze isuzuma rya nyuma, ese wizera umubare—cyangwa ubaza ku kintu kiri munsi yawo? Igisubizo gishobora kugaragaza niba isuzuma ryawe ritaha ryagenze neza cyangwa rigasubira inyuma. Kuko mu isi y'ubunyangamugayo, ubunyangamugayo buhera hasi. Kandi muri ZHHIMG, twiyemeje gukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ubutaka bube bukomeye, buhamye, kandi bufite ishingiro mu buryo bwa siyansi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-09-2025