Nk'igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo gupima neza ahantu hapimwe, ubushobozi bwo kwangirika kw'amatafari ya granite bugena mu buryo butaziguye igihe akoreshwa, uburyo apimwe neza, n'uburyo ahora ahagaze neza igihe kirekire. Ibi bikurikira bisobanura neza ingingo z'ingenzi z'ubushobozi bwo kwangirika kw'amatafari uhereye ku miterere y'ibikoresho, uburyo bwo kwangirika, ibyiza by'imikorere, ibintu bigira ingaruka, n'ingamba zo kubungabunga.
1. Imiterere y'ibikoresho n'ibipimo by'ibanze byo kwirinda kwangirika
Ubukomere bwiza n'imiterere y'inyuma
Uduce twa granite tugizwe ahanini na pyroxene, plagioclase, na biotite nke. Binyuze mu gusaza karemano igihe kirekire, bigira imiterere myiza, bigatuma ubukana bwa Mohs bugera kuri 6-7, ubukana bwa Shore burenga HS70, n'ubukana bwa 2290-3750 kg/cm².
Iyi miterere mito (amazi akura <0.25%) ituma habaho guhuza gukomeye hagati y’ibinyampeke, bigatuma habaho kurwanya gushwanyagurika kw’ubuso kurusha icyuma gishongeshejwe (gifite ubukana bwa HRC 30-40 gusa).
Gusaza bisanzwe no kurekura stress imbere mu mutima
Amabuye ya granite aturuka mu mabuye meza yo munsi y’ubutaka. Nyuma y’imyaka miliyoni y’ubushaje karemano, imbaraga zose zo mu butaka zararekuwe, bigatuma habaho kristu nziza kandi zicucitse ndetse n’imiterere imwe. Uku guhagarara neza bituma idapfa kwangirika bitewe n’ihindagurika ry’imihangayiko mu gihe ikoreshwa igihe kirekire, bityo igakomeza kudasaza kwayo uko igihe kigenda gihita.
II. Uburyo bwo kwambara n'imikorere
Imyenda y'ingenzi
Kwangirika: Gukata uduce duto duterwa n'uduce dukomeye tunyerera cyangwa tuzunguruka hejuru. Ubukana bwinshi bwa granite (bungana na HRC > 51) butuma irwanya uduce duto duto inshuro 2-3 kurusha icyuma gishongeshejwe, bigabanya cyane uburebure bw'udusimba two hejuru.
Kwambara neza: Kwimura ibintu bibaho hagati y’ubuso bukoranaho n’umuvuduko mwinshi. Imiterere ya granite idakoresha icyuma (idafite magnetiki n’idafite pulasitiki) ibuza gufatana kw’icyuma n’icyuma, bigatuma hafi ya zeru yakwangirika.
Ubunani: Gushwanyagurika kw'ubuso bitewe n'umuvuduko w'ikirere. Ingufu nyinshi zo mu bwoko bwa Granite (1.3-1.5 × 10⁶kg / cm²) hamwe n'amazi make yoroshye (<0.13%) bitanga ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira umunaniro, bigatuma ubuso bugumana isura isa n'indorerwamo ndetse no nyuma yo gukoreshwa igihe kirekire.
Amakuru Asanzwe y'Imikorere
Ibizamini bigaragaza ko amasafuriya ya granite agira gusa 1/5-1/3 y'ubusaza bw'amasafuriya ya steel mu gihe cy'imikorere imwe.
Ubukana bw'ubuso Agaciro ka Ra gakomeza kuba gahamye mu rugero rwa 0.05-0.1μm mu gihe kirekire, gahuye n'ibisabwa mu buryo bunonosoye bwa Class 000 (ubwihangane bw'ubugari ≤ 1 × (1 + d / 1000)μm, aho d ari uburebure bw'umurongo ugororotse).
III. Ibyiza by'ingenzi byo kudashira kw'ingufu
Koreji yoroshye yo gukururana no kwisiga amavuta ubwayo
Ubuso bworoshye bwa granite, bufite igipimo cyo gukururana cya 0.1-0.15 gusa, butanga ubushobozi buke bwo guhangana n'ibikoresho byo gupima iyo binyura hejuru yayo, bigabanya igihe cyo kwangirika.
Kuba Granite idafite amavuta bikuraho kwangirika kwa kabiri guterwa n'umukungugu winjizwa n'amavuta, bigatuma ikiguzi cyo kuyabungabunga kiba gito cyane ugereranyije n'amasafuriya y'icyuma (asaba amavuta yo kurwanya ingese buri gihe).
Irwanya ingese n'uburozi
Imikorere myiza cyane (nta kwangirika kuri pH iri hagati ya 0-14), ikwiriye gukoreshwa ahantu hahehereye kandi harangwa n'ubushuhe.
Imiterere idakira ingese ikuraho ubushyuhe bw'ubuso buterwa no kwangirika kw'icyuma, bigatuma igipimo cyo kugorora kigera kuri <0.005mm / umwaka nyuma yo gukoreshwa igihe kirekire.
IV. Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku kwangirika kw'umubiri
Ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe mu kirere
Ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe (>±5°C) rishobora gutuma ubushyuhe bwiyongera kandi bugacika, bigatera uduce duto tw'ubushyuhe. Ahantu hasabwa gukoreshwa ni ubushyuhe bugenzurwa bwa 20±2°C n'ubushyuhe bwa 40-60%.
Ubushuhe bwinshi (> 70%) bwihutisha kwinjira k'ubushuhe. Nubwo granite ifite igipimo gito cyo kwinjiza amazi, kwibasirwa n'ubushuhe igihe kirekire bishobora kugabanya ubukana bw'ubuso.
Umutwaro n'ihungabana ry'imizigo
Kurenza umutwaro ugenwe (ubusanzwe 1/10 cy'imbaraga zo gukanda) bishobora gutera gukomereka ahantu runaka. Urugero, icyitegererezo runaka cy'isahani ya granite gifite umutwaro ugenwe wa 500kg/cm². Mu ikoreshwa nyaryo, imitwaro y'impanuka y'igihe gito irenze iki giciro igomba kwirindwa.
Gukwirakwiza ibintu mu buryo butangana bigabanya kwangirika. Icyuma gishyigikira ibintu bitatu cyangwa igishushanyo mbonera cy’umutwaro gikwirakwira kimwe ni byiza.
Kubungabunga no Gusukura
Ntugakoreshe uburoso bw'icyuma cyangwa ibikoresho bikomeye mu gihe usukura. Koresha igitambaro kitagira ivumbi cyatoseshejwe na isopropyl alcohol kugira ngo wirinde gushwanyaguza ubuso.
Reba buri gihe ubukana bw'ubuso. Niba agaciro ka Ra karenze 0.2μm, kongera gusya no gusana birakenewe.
V. Ingamba zo kubungabunga no kunoza imikorere y'umubiri mu kurwanya ubwarara
Ikoreshwa n'Ubwiza Bwiza
Irinde ingaruka zikomeye cyangwa amadomo. Ingufu zirenze 10J zishobora gutera igihombo.
Koresha icyuma gishyigikira mu gihe cyo kubika hanyuma upfuke hejuru ukoresheje agapira karinda umukungugu kugira ngo wirinde ko umukungugu winjira mu mikorobe.
Kora Calibration Isanzwe Itunganye
Reba neza niba ikosa ritambitse ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga buri mezi atandatu. Niba ikosa rirenze urugero rw'ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira (urugero, ikosa ryemewe ku gishushanyo cya 00-grade ni ≤2×(1+d/1000)μm), subiza uruganda kugira ngo rukosore neza.
Shyiraho ishashi irinda ibidukikije mbere yo kubibika igihe kirekire kugira ngo ugabanye ingese.
Uburyo bwo gusana no kuvugurura ibikoresho
Gusaza hejuru <0.1mm bishobora gusanwa mu gace ukoresheje diyama ikoze mu gusya kugira ngo wongere indorerwamo ifite uburebure bwa Ra ≤0.1μm.
Kwangirika cyane (> 0.3mm) bisaba ko ukongera gusya mu ruganda, ariko ibi bizagabanya ubunini bw'isahani muri rusange (intera imwe yo gusya ≤ 0.5mm).
Ubudahangarwa bw'amabuye y'agaciro ya granite buturuka ku guhuza imiterere yayo karemano y'amabuye y'agaciro n'uburyo ikoreshwa neza. Mu kunoza ibidukikije bikoreshwa, gushyiraho uburyo bwo kuyabungabunga no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kuyasana, ishobora gukomeza kugaragaza ibyiza byayo byo gukora neza no kuramba mu gice cyo gupima neza, ikaba igikoresho cy'ingenzi mu nganda.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 10 Nzeri 2025