Mu gukora ibice by'ubuhanga, imbonerahamwe y'ubuhanga ya XY imeze nk'"umuhanga mu by'ubuhanga", ushinzwe gusya ibice kugira ngo bibe bimwe neza. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, nubwo imikorere ari myiza, ibice byakozwe ntibiba byujuje ubuziranenge. Ibi bishobora guterwa n'uko ishingiro rya granite ry'intebe y'akazi "ritera uburakari"! Uyu munsi, reka tuvuge ku buryo uburinganire bw'ibikoresho by'ibanze bya granite ari ingenzi mu gutunganya neza.
Ibikoresho "birangana", kandi ikibazo cyaravutse
Tekereza ku ishingiro rya granite, ibice bimwe bikomeye n'ibindi byoroshye; Ni iki kizaba niba ahantu hamwe haguka cyane iyo hashyushye n'ahandi haguka gake?
Kudahuza kw'imitingito: Niba ubucucike mu myanya itandukanye y'imashini ya granite butameze kimwe, iyo ameza yo gukoreraho yihuta, bizaba nk'umuntu ugenda, umwe hejuru undi hasi, bigatera kunyeganyega. Ubwo bwoko bwo kunyeganyega ni bukomeye cyane mu gutunganya neza. Urugero, iyo urimo uhanagura indorerwamo z'amatara, bishobora gutuma ubuso bw'indorerwamo buhinduka ubw'urumuri. Indorerwamo zishobora kugira ingaruka nk'iz'indorerwamo zizatera igipimo cyazo cy'ibisigazwa ku kigero cya 30% mu buryo butaziguye!
Ubushyuhe "butera ikibazo": Mu buryo bwa semiconductor photolithography, hakenewe kugenzura neza aho ibintu biherereye. Ariko, iyo ingano y'ubushyuhe bw'ahantu hatandukanye h'ishingiro rya granite ihinduka cyane, iyo ubushyuhe buhindutse, ishingiro "rizahinduka kandi rihinduke", bigatuma amakosa yo gushyira ibintu mu mwanya wabyo arushaho kwiyongera ndetse wenda n'aho wafer yose igakurwaho.
Kwambara nabi: Ishingiro rifite ubukana budahindagurika ni nk'inkweto zifite ubukana butandukanye. Nyuma yo gukoreshwa igihe kirekire, ibice bifite ubukana buke ku ntebe y'akazi bizasaza vuba. Inzira yari isanzwe igororotse izagorama, kandi ubugari buzagabanuka cyane. Ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga nacyo kiziyongera cyane.
Iyo ibikoresho bihuye neza, ni bwo gusa uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu bushobora kuba buhamye nk'uko Mount Tai ibikora.
Iyo imiterere y'ibikoresho by'ifatizo rya granite ingana kandi ihamye, inyungu zihita zigaragara:
Imikorere ihamye, iboneye kandi ikomeye: Ishingiro rikozwe mu bikoresho bihoraho rishobora kwakira neza guhindagura iyo ameza atangiye, ahagaze cyangwa azunguruka vuba. Muri ubu buryo, uburyo bwo gusubiramo imiterere bushobora kugera kuri ± 0.3μm itangaje, bingana no kugabanya umusatsi w'umuntu mo ibindi bice 300!
Igisubizo cy’ubushyuhe neza: Ingano y’ubushyuhe ihuriweho ni nko gushyiraho "sisitemu yo kugenzura ubushyuhe y’ubwenge" ku gice cy’ibanze. Abahanga mu by’imashini bashobora guhanura neza uko igice cy’ibanze kizahinduka iyo ubushyuhe buhindutse. Binyuze mu buryo bwo kwishyura algorithm, ikosa ryo guhindura ubushyuhe rigenzurwa muri ± 0.5μm.
"Igihe kirekire": Ubukana n'ubucucike bumwe bituma ibice byose by'ishingiro "bikomera kimwe", birinda kwangirika cyane mu gace runaka. Imashini zisanzwe zishobora gukenera gusimburwa buri myaka itanu, mu gihe izikozwe mu bikoresho bihoraho zishobora kumara imyaka umunani kugeza ku icumi, bigatuma hagabanuka amafaranga menshi yo gusimbuza ibikoresho.
Ni gute umuntu yahitamo ikigo cy'indege za granite "cyizewe"?
Menya "inkomoko": Hitamo granite icukurwa mu gice kimwe cy'amabuye y'agaciro n'agace kamwe, kimwe no gutora imbuto ku giti kimwe, ibi bishobora kwemeza ko imiterere y'amabuye y'agaciro isa.
"Isuzuma ry'umubiri" rihamye: Imashini za granite zishingirwaho zigomba kunyura mu "bibanza 12 byo kugenzura" nko gusesengura imiterere y'imashini no gupima ubucucike, kandi ibikoresho byose bidafite ubuziranenge birakurwaho.
Reba "ikarita ndangamuntu": Saba umutanga serivisi gutanga icyemezo cy'ubuziranenge na raporo z'ibizamini. Ni ahantu honyine hashingiwe ku cyemezo cyemewe n'amategeko hashobora gukoreshwa umuntu afite amahoro yo mu mutima.
Mu isi yo gukora ibikoresho neza, ibisobanuro birambuye ni byo bigena intsinzi cyangwa gutsindwa. Uburyo ibikoresho bihagaze neza ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kwemeza ko ibintu bimeze neza kandi bigabanye ikiguzi. Ubutaha mu gihe uhitamo ibikoresho, ntuzongere kwirengagiza "aka kantu gato"!
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kamena-17-2025